Introduction - Moral development study in the 21st century - Carolyn Pope Edwards and Gustavo Carlo -- - Human morality and temperament - Jerome Kagan -- - The roots of goodness: the fulfillment of basic human needs and the development of caring, helping and nonaggression, inclusive caring, moral courage, active bystandership, and altruism born of suffering - Ervin Staub -- - The development of empathy-related responding - Nancy Eisenberg -- - The neo-Kohlbergian tradition and beyond: schemas, expertise, and character - Darcia Narvaez -- - The development of moral identity - Daniel Hart -- - Motivation and moral development: a trifocal perspective - F. Clark Power