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Displaying results 1 to 25 of 201.

  1. Love and money
    Author: Kelly, Dennis
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Methuen, [S.l.]

    "David conducts an office romance by e-mail. He has love at his fingertips. But a shocking admission unravels his relationship piece by chilling piece. Jess loves David. She believes happiness can be bought – but it doesn't come cheap in a world of... more

     

    "David conducts an office romance by e-mail. He has love at his fingertips. But a shocking admission unravels his relationship piece by chilling piece. Jess loves David. She believes happiness can be bought – but it doesn't come cheap in a world of easy credit. Jess and David's ideal blend of love and money is killing them. Funny but heart wrenching, this ingenious drama dares us to enter a dislocated world of bad debts and even worse desires."--Publisher's description

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 9781350258754; 135025875X
    Series: Oberon modern plays
    Subjects: Clerks; Debt; Clerks; Debt; Drama
    Scope: 1 volume, 20 cm
  2. The Morocco Policy Analysis model
    theoretical framework and policy scenarios
    Author: Achour, Aya; Bulíř, Aleš; Chafik, Omar; Remo, Adam
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The Morocco Policy Analysis model (MOPAM) was created in the Bank Al-Maghrib to simulate the impact of external developments, domestic macroeconomic policies, and structural reforms on key macroeconomic aggregates. We describe its structure and... more

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    The Morocco Policy Analysis model (MOPAM) was created in the Bank Al-Maghrib to simulate the impact of external developments, domestic macroeconomic policies, and structural reforms on key macroeconomic aggregates. We describe its structure and demonstrate its operation on two medium-term scenarios: (1) fiscal consolidation to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratio and (2) the effects of the COVID-19 shock, including the endogenous fiscal and monetary policy response

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513573328
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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 122
    Subjects: Macroeconomic modeling; Morocco; fiscal stabilization; COVID-19 pandemic; Debt Management; Debt; Foreign Exchange; Informal Economy; Underground Econom
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Authorities' fiscal forecasts in Latin America
    are they optimistic?
    Author: Hadzi-Vaskov, Metodij; Ricci, Luca Antonio; Werner, Alejandro M.; Zamarripa, Rene
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Do governments in Latin America tend to be optimistic when preparing budgetary projections? We address this question by constructing a novel dataset of the authorities' fiscal forecasts in six Latin American economies using data from annual budget... more

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    Do governments in Latin America tend to be optimistic when preparing budgetary projections? We address this question by constructing a novel dataset of the authorities' fiscal forecasts in six Latin American economies using data from annual budget documents over the period 2000-2018. In turn, we compare such forecasts with the outturns reported in the corresponding budget documents of the following years to understand the evolution of fiscal forecast errors. Our findings suggest that: (i) for most countries, there is no general optimistic bias in the forecasts for the fiscal balance-to-GDP ratio (though there may be for the components); (ii) fiscal forecasts have improved for some countries over time, albeit they have worsened for others; (iii) in terms of drivers, we show that forecast errors for the fiscal balance-to-GDP ratio are positively correlated with GDP growth and terms of trade changes and negatively with GDP deflator surprises; (iv) forecast errors for public debt-to-GDP ratios are negatively associated with surprises to GDP growth; (v) lastly, budget balance rules seem to help contain the size of the fiscal forecast errors

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513573403
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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 154
    Subjects: Forecast error; Fiscal balance; Fiscal forecasts; Debt; Fiscal Policy; Foreign Exchange; Informal Economy; Underground Econom
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Parameterizing debt maturity
    Author: Barrett, Philip; Johns, Christopher
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper examines ways to summarize the maturity structure of public debts using a small number of parameters. We compile a novel dataset of all promised future payments for US and UK government debt from every month since 1869, and more recently... more

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    This paper examines ways to summarize the maturity structure of public debts using a small number of parameters. We compile a novel dataset of all promised future payments for US and UK government debt from every month since 1869, and more recently for Peru, Poland, Egypt, and Nigeria. We show that there is a unique parametric form which does not arbitrarily restrict debt issuance - portfolios of bonds with exponential coupons. Compared to the most popular alternative, this form 1) more accurately describes changes in debt maturity for these six countries and 2) gives a quite different interpretation of historical debt maturity. Our work can be applied not just to analyze past debt movements, but - because parameter estimates are relatively similar across countries - also for monitoring changes in debt maturity, including in countries where data are partial or incomplete

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513582511
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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 101
    Subjects: Public Debt; Debt Maturity; Debt; Foreign Exchange; General Financial Markets; Informal Economy; Underground Econom
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Numerical fiscal rules for economic unions
    the role of sovereign spreads
    Author: Hatchondo, Juan Carlos; Martinez, Leonardo; Roch, Francisco
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We study gains from introducing a common numerical fiscal rule in a "Union" of model economies facing sovereign default risk. We show that among economies in the Union, there is significant disagreement about the common debt limit the Union should... more

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    We study gains from introducing a common numerical fiscal rule in a "Union" of model economies facing sovereign default risk. We show that among economies in the Union, there is significant disagreement about the common debt limit the Union should implement: the limit preferred by some economies can generate welfare losses in other economies. In contrast, a common sovereign spread limit results in higher welfare across economies in the Union

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513584645
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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 196
    Subjects: Fiscal Rules; Sovereign Spread; Spread Limit; Debt Dilution; Debt Intolerance; Debt Management; Debt; Fiscal Policy; International Lending and Debt Problems; Open Economy Macroeconomics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Is there money on the table?
    evidence on the magnitude of profit shifting in the extractive industries
    Author: Beer, Sebastian; Devlin, Dan
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9781513566801
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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 9
    Subjects: International Corporate Taxation; Multinational Firms; Mining; Petroleum; Profit Shifting; Debt; Interest Limitations; Transfer Pricing; Production Sharing Agreements
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. A guide and tool for projecting public debt and fiscal adjustment paths with local- and foreign-currency debt
    Author: Aligishiev, Zamid; Acosta Ormaechea, Santiago Leonardo Enrique; Martinez, Leonardo
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Institute for Capacity Development, Washington, DC

    This guide presents the analytical underpinnings and a user manual for the Excel-based Public Debt Dynamics Tool (DDT) more

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    This guide presents the analytical underpinnings and a user manual for the Excel-based Public Debt Dynamics Tool (DDT)

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513577289
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    Series: Technical notes and manuals ; volume 2021, issue 005
    Subjects: Public debt dynamics; local- and foreign-currency debt; fiscal adjustment paths; Excel-based Public Debt Dynamics Tool (DDT); Debt Management; Debt; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies; Sovereign Debt; Tax Evasion and Avoidance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. How to assess country risk
    the vulnerability exercise approach using machine learning
    Contributor: Panth, Sanjaya (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Publication Services, Washington, DC, U.S.A.

    The IMF's Vulnerability Exercise (VE) is a cross-country exercise that identifies country-specific near-term macroeconomic risks. As a key element of the Fund's broader risk architecture, the VE is a bottom-up, multi-sectoral approach to risk... more

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    The IMF's Vulnerability Exercise (VE) is a cross-country exercise that identifies country-specific near-term macroeconomic risks. As a key element of the Fund's broader risk architecture, the VE is a bottom-up, multi-sectoral approach to risk assessments for all IMF member countries. The VE modeling toolkit is regularly updated in response to global economic developments and the latest modeling innovations. The new generation of VE models presented here leverages machine-learning algorithms. The models can better capture interactions between different parts of the economy and non-linear relationships that are not well measured in 'normal times.' The performance of machine-learning-based models is evaluated against more conventional models in a horse-race format. The paper also presents direct, transparent methods for communicating model results

     
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  9. Debt dynamics in emerging and developing economies
    is R-G a red herring?
    Author: Moreno Badía, Marialuz; Gamboa-Arbelaez, Juliana; Xiang, Yuan
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, debt levels in emerging and developing economies have surged raising concerns about fiscal sustainability. Historically, negative interest-growth differentials in these countries have played a debt-stabilizing... more

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    In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, debt levels in emerging and developing economies have surged raising concerns about fiscal sustainability. Historically, negative interest-growth differentials in these countries have played a debt-stabilizing role. But is this enough to prevent countries from falling into debt distress? Drawing from a sample of 150 emerging and developing economies going back to the 1970s, we find that interest-growth differentials have remained relatively low, dampening debt increases in the run up to a crisis. But in the face of persistent primary deficits, debt service tends to rise abruptly-particularly in emerging markets-and a fiscal crisis ensues. There is also evidence that a large part of the debt build-up around crises stems from valuation effects associated with external debt and the materialization of contingent liabilities. These findings underscore that, though not necessarily a red-herring, low interest-growth differentials cannot fully offset the deleterious effects of large fiscal deficits, forex exposures, or hidden debts

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513596259
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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 229
    Subjects: debt; interest-growth differential; crisis; fiscal sustainability; Debt Management; Debt; Fiscal Policy; International Lending and Debt Problems; Sovereign Debt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Financing for the post-pandemic recovery
    developing domestic sovereign debt markets in Central America
    Author: Clevy, Jean Francois; Pedras, Guilherme; Pérez Ruiz, Esther
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The pandemic has urged countries around the globe to mobilize financing to support the recovery. This is even more relevant in Central America, where the policy response to cushion the pandemic's economic and social impact has accentuated... more

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    The pandemic has urged countries around the globe to mobilize financing to support the recovery. This is even more relevant in Central America, where the policy response to cushion the pandemic's economic and social impact has accentuated pre-existing debt vulnerabilities. This paper documents the potential for local currency bond markets to diversify and expand financing for the recovery, lowering bond yields, funding volatility, and exposure to global shocks. The paper further identifies priority actions, both national and regional, to support market development

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781616357061
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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 283
    Subjects: Bond Markets; Fiscal Deficit; Public Debt; Global Spillovers; Debt Management; Debt; Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy; Fiscal Policy; Sovereign Debt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The premia on state-contingent sovereign debt instruments
    Author: Igan, Deniz; Kim, Taehoon; Levy, Antoine
    Published: November 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    State-contingent debt instruments such as GDP-linked warrants have garnered attention as a potential tool to help debt-stressed economies smooth repayments over business cycles, yet very few studies of the empirical properties of these instruments... more

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    State-contingent debt instruments such as GDP-linked warrants have garnered attention as a potential tool to help debt-stressed economies smooth repayments over business cycles, yet very few studies of the empirical properties of these instruments exist. This paper develops a general f ramework to estimate the time-varying risk premium of a state-contingent sovereign debt instrument. Our estimation framework applied to GDP-linked warrants issued by Argentina, Greece, and Ukraine reveals three stylized facts: (i) the risk premium in state-contingent instruments is high and persistent; (ii) the risk premium exhibits a pro-cyclical pattern; and (iii) the liquidity premium is higher and more volatile than that for plain-vanilla government bonds issued by the same sovereign. We then present a model in which investors fear ambiguity and that can account for the cyclical properties of the risk premium

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9781616357009
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    Series: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/21, 282
    Subjects: State-contingent debt instruments; GDP-linked warrants; Risk premia; Procyclicality; Contingent Pricing; Debt Management; Debt; Futures Pricing; Sovereign Debt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Business continuity planning for government cash and debt management
    Author: Balibek, Emre; Storkey, Ian; Yavuz, H. Hakan
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Publication Services, Washington, DC, U.S.A.

    Cash and debt management operations are part of the 'transactional' functions of public financial management. It is critical that these functions are resilient to external disruptions, ranging from information and communication technology (ICT)... more

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    Cash and debt management operations are part of the 'transactional' functions of public financial management. It is critical that these functions are resilient to external disruptions, ranging from information and communication technology (ICT) system outages to natural disasters. This technical manual aims to provide guidance on the steps that government cash and debt management units can follow to develop and implement a practical business continuity plan that economizes the resources used. It also discusses the evolving nature of business disruption risks faced by cash and debt management over the last decade, including the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as risk mitigation solutions that have emerged

     
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  13. DIGNAR-19 toolkit manual
    Author: Aligishiev, Zamid; Melina, Giovanni; Zanna, Luis-Felipe
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Research Department and Institute for Capacity Development, Washington, DC

    This note is a user's manual for the DIGNAR-19 toolkit, an application aimed at facilitating the use of the DIGNAR-19 model by economists with no to little knowledge of Matlab and Dynare via a user-friendly Excel-based interface. he toolkit comprises... more

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    This note is a user's manual for the DIGNAR-19 toolkit, an application aimed at facilitating the use of the DIGNAR-19 model by economists with no to little knowledge of Matlab and Dynare via a user-friendly Excel-based interface. he toolkit comprises three tools-the simulation tool, the graphing tool, and the realism tool-that translate the contents of an Excel input file into instructions for Matlab/Dynare programs. These programs are executed behind the scenes. Outputs are saved in a separate Excel file and can also be visualized in customizable charts

     
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  14. A guide and tool for projecting public debt and fiscal adjustment paths with local- and foreign-currency debt
    Author: Aligishiev, Zamid; Acosta Ormaechea, Santiago Leonardo Enrique; Martinez, Leonardo
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Institute for Capacity Development, Washington, DC

    This guide presents the analytical underpinnings and a user manual for the Excel-based Public Debt Dynamics Tool (DDT) more

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    This guide presents the analytical underpinnings and a user manual for the Excel-based Public Debt Dynamics Tool (DDT)

     
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  15. How to assess country risk
    the vulnerability exercise approach using machine learning
    Contributor: Panth, Sanjaya (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Publication Services, Washington, DC, U.S.A.

    The IMF's Vulnerability Exercise (VE) is a cross-country exercise that identifies country-specific near-term macroeconomic risks. As a key element of the Fund's broader risk architecture, the VE is a bottom-up, multi-sectoral approach to risk... more

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    The IMF's Vulnerability Exercise (VE) is a cross-country exercise that identifies country-specific near-term macroeconomic risks. As a key element of the Fund's broader risk architecture, the VE is a bottom-up, multi-sectoral approach to risk assessments for all IMF member countries. The VE modeling toolkit is regularly updated in response to global economic developments and the latest modeling innovations. The new generation of VE models presented here leverages machine-learning algorithms. The models can better capture interactions between different parts of the economy and non-linear relationships that are not well measured in 'normal times.' The performance of machine-learning-based models is evaluated against more conventional models in a horse-race format. The paper also presents direct, transparent methods for communicating model results

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Contributor: Panth, Sanjaya (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513574219
    Other identifier:
    Series: Technical notes and manuals ; TNM/21, 03
    Subjects: Risk Assessment; Supervised Machine Learning; Prediction; Sudden Stop; Exchange Market Pressure; Fiscal Crisis; Debt; Financial Crisis; Economic Crisis; Economic Growth; ML Technique; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies; Risk Assessment, Supervised Machine Learning and Prediction; Sudden Stop, Exchange Market Pressure and Fiscal Crisis; Ve Modeling Toolkit; Tax Evasion and Avoidance; International Taxation; Financial Risk Management; Macroeconomics; Exports and Imports; Banks and Banking; Intelligence (AI) & Semantics; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General; Public Finance; Financial Crises; Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill; International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements; Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes; Public finance & taxation; Monetary economics; Economic & financial crises & disasters; International economics; Machine learning; Expenditure; Revenue administration; Financial crises; Early warning systems; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Sudden stops; Balance of payments; Banking crises; Expenditures, Public; Tax administration and procedure; Financial crises; Crisis management; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009; Capital movements; Machine learning
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The state and your hard-earned money
    a survey on moral perspectives in public finance
    Author: Mauro, Paolo
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This note provides an overview of recent studies that have begun to investigate how differing moral perspectives shape attitudes toward tax and spending policies. Recent advances in evolutionary moral psychology and their application to survey-based... more

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    This note provides an overview of recent studies that have begun to investigate how differing moral perspectives shape attitudes toward tax and spending policies. Recent advances in evolutionary moral psychology and their application to survey-based economic analysis yield promising insights. Understanding the moral underpinnings of various groups' views may help policymakers design and make the case for measures that can muster broader support

     
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  17. Successful transitions from public to private-sector led growth
    lessons for Benin
    Author: Diallo, Aissatou
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, like Benin, have scaled up public investment during the last decade. Such a strategy contributed to the improvement of infrastructure, but also to a build-up of debt vulnerabilities. Looking forward, the... more

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    Many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, like Benin, have scaled up public investment during the last decade. Such a strategy contributed to the improvement of infrastructure, but also to a build-up of debt vulnerabilities. Looking forward, the planned fiscal consolidation will result in some restraint of public spending, and, in particular, public investment. In this context, maintaining or even raising the region's economic growth will require an offset by the private sector. The analysis draws lessons from countries that have successfully transitioned from public investment to private investment-led growth using a global sample starting in the mid-1980s. These lessons highlight policies that have been crucial in fostering a rebound of private investment in the wake of a contraction of public investment. The analytical framework proposed by Hausman, Rodrik and Velasco (2005) is used to identify and classify such policies. Finally, the paper analyses how the identified policies could help Benin achieving a smooth transition from public to private sector-led growth

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781589068544
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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 286
    Subjects: Private and public investment; growth; transition; lessons; Growth, Transition, Fiscal Consolidation and Lessons; Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance; Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook; Money and Interest Rates; Private and Public Investment; fiscal consolidation; Macroeconomics; Investments: General; Public Finance; Infrastructure; Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data); Money and Interest Rates: General; Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General; Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General; Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General; Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General; National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General; Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock; Fiscal Policy; Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt; Economic & financial crises & disasters; Economics of specific sectors; Economics: General; Public finance & taxation; Private investment; National accounts; Public investment spending; Expenditure; Macroeconomics; Fiscal policy; Infrastructure; Public debt; Currency crises; Informal sector; Economics; Saving and investment; Public investments; Fiscal policy; Debts, Public
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Financing for the post-pandemic recovery
    developing domestic sovereign debt markets in Central America
    Author: Clevy, Jean Francois; Pedras, Guilherme; Pérez Ruiz, Esther
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The pandemic has urged countries around the globe to mobilize financing to support the recovery. This is even more relevant in Central America, where the policy response to cushion the pandemic's economic and social impact has accentuated... more

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    The pandemic has urged countries around the globe to mobilize financing to support the recovery. This is even more relevant in Central America, where the policy response to cushion the pandemic's economic and social impact has accentuated pre-existing debt vulnerabilities. This paper documents the potential for local currency bond markets to diversify and expand financing for the recovery, lowering bond yields, funding volatility, and exposure to global shocks. The paper further identifies priority actions, both national and regional, to support market development

     
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  19. The premia on state-contingent sovereign debt instruments
    Author: Igan, Deniz; Kim, Taehoon; Levy, Antoine
    Published: November 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    State-contingent debt instruments such as GDP-linked warrants have garnered attention as a potential tool to help debt-stressed economies smooth repayments over business cycles, yet very few studies of the empirical properties of these instruments... more

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    State-contingent debt instruments such as GDP-linked warrants have garnered attention as a potential tool to help debt-stressed economies smooth repayments over business cycles, yet very few studies of the empirical properties of these instruments exist. This paper develops a general f ramework to estimate the time-varying risk premium of a state-contingent sovereign debt instrument. Our estimation framework applied to GDP-linked warrants issued by Argentina, Greece, and Ukraine reveals three stylized facts: (i) the risk premium in state-contingent instruments is high and persistent; (ii) the risk premium exhibits a pro-cyclical pattern; and (iii) the liquidity premium is higher and more volatile than that for plain-vanilla government bonds issued by the same sovereign. We then present a model in which investors fear ambiguity and that can account for the cyclical properties of the risk premium

     
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  20. Using the snowball effect in Indian post Covid-19 paths to fiscalconsolidation
    Author: Goyal, Ashima
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: [WP series / Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research] ; WP-2021, 016
    Subjects: Deficits; Debt; Adjustment paths; Covid19; Emerging Markets
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Chad
    request for a three-year arrangement under the extended credit facility : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Chad
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    The COVID-19 pandemic, the volatility in oil prices, heightened insecurity, and a looming food crisis due to climate change have severely stressed an already vulnerable Chadian economy. The two Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) disbursements in April and... more

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    The COVID-19 pandemic, the volatility in oil prices, heightened insecurity, and a looming food crisis due to climate change have severely stressed an already vulnerable Chadian economy. The two Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) disbursements in April and July 2020 allowed Chad to meet its immediate financing and urgent balance of payment needs in the early stages of the pandemic. The authorities have requested Fund assistance under the ECF to support their post-COVID recovery and their plan to reduce debt vulnerabilities through a combination of a debt workout and a multi-year fiscal consolidation program. However, due to the death of the president following a resurgence of fighting with rebel groups in April and the delayed delivery of donor support, the treasury situation has become extremely tight, threatening social stability

     
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  22. Suriname
    request for an extended arrangement under the extended fund facility : press release; staff report; staff statement; and statement by the Executive Director for Suriname
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Suriname faces systemic fiscal and external imbalances as a result of many years of economic mismanagement. Usable foreign reserves were depleted and, in the absence of other sources of budget financing, fiscal deficits were monetized. Inflation has,... more

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    Suriname faces systemic fiscal and external imbalances as a result of many years of economic mismanagement. Usable foreign reserves were depleted and, in the absence of other sources of budget financing, fiscal deficits were monetized. Inflation has, as a result, surged and there has been a significant depreciation of the exchange rate. Public debt, at 148 percent of GDP at end-2020, is unsustainable. In addition, there are important solvency problems embedded in the domestic banking system

     
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  23. Kenya
    2021 Article IV consultation : second reviews under the extended arrangement under the extended fund facility and under the arrangement under the extended credit facility; and requests for modifications of performance criteria and structural conditionality
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Kenya's medium-term economic outlook remains positive, supported by the authorities' continued firm commitment to their economic program amidst a complex environment. Economic recovery is well underway, but Kenya's Sustainable Development Goals... more

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    Kenya's medium-term economic outlook remains positive, supported by the authorities' continued firm commitment to their economic program amidst a complex environment. Economic recovery is well underway, but Kenya's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have suffered significant setbacks, and poverty has increased. The authorities see the program as providing essential support for sound fiscal management ahead of the 2022 elections, reinforcing their multi-year fiscal consolidation plan to reduce debt vulnerabilities and preserve priority social and development spending

     
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  24. Argentina
    ex-post evaluation of exceptional access under the 2018 stand-by arrangement : press release and staff report
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    On June 20, 2018, the Executive Board approved the largest stand-by arrangement in the Fund's history, in support of Argentina's 2018-21 economic program. After an augmentation in October 2018, access under the arrangement amounted to USD 57 billion... more

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    On June 20, 2018, the Executive Board approved the largest stand-by arrangement in the Fund's history, in support of Argentina's 2018-21 economic program. After an augmentation in October 2018, access under the arrangement amounted to USD 57 billion (1,227 percent of Argentina's IMF quota). The program saw only four of the planned twelve reviews completed, and did not fulfil the objectives of restoring confidence in fiscal and external viability while fostering economic growth. The arrangement was canceled on July 24, 2020

     
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  25. Republic of Azerbaijan
    2021 Article IV consultation : press release; and staff report
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Azerbaijan faced unprecedented challenges in 2020. The combined COVID-19 and oil price shocks pushed the economy into recession. A sizeable relief package helped cushion the economic impact from this shock, and the economy has started to recover. Yet... more

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    Azerbaijan faced unprecedented challenges in 2020. The combined COVID-19 and oil price shocks pushed the economy into recession. A sizeable relief package helped cushion the economic impact from this shock, and the economy has started to recover. Yet the medium-term outlook remains subdued. The long-term fiscal position is unsustainable as oil resources are expected to run out by mid-century. The authorities have laid out strategic goals of accelerated yet sustainable socio-economic development over the next decade and are developing policy plans to that end

     
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