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  1. El Estado español está quebrado. España todavía no (The Spanish State is Bankrupt. Spain Not Yet)
    Author: Fernandez, Pablo; Fernández Acin, Juan; Garcia de Santos, Teresa
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    Spanish Abstarct: Este documento responde a la pregunta de muchos alumnos: ¿tan mal está España? Lo primero: diferenciar entre España y el “Estado” (un trozo importante de España). Se muestran los datos principales a los que hemos tenido acceso. Las... more

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    Spanish Abstarct: Este documento responde a la pregunta de muchos alumnos: ¿tan mal está España? Lo primero: diferenciar entre España y el “Estado” (un trozo importante de España). Se muestran los datos principales a los que hemos tenido acceso. Las cuentas del Estado Español son muy poco claras . Es inaceptable que el Estado no presente sus cobros y sus pagos de forma clara y transparente. El Estado Español está quebrado según las cuentas que publica: patrimonio neto de 2020 = -579 millardos de euros. Un millardo son mil millones. La Deuda del Estado ha aumentado enormemente (ha llegado a 1.419 millardos de euros en 2021) porque los ingresos del Estado han sido inferiores a sus gastos desde 2008 English Abstract: This document answers the question of many students: is Spain so bad? The first thing: to differentiate between Spain and the "State" (an important piece of Spain). The main data that we have had access to is shown. The accounts of the Spanish State are very unclear. It is unacceptable that the State does not present its collections and payments in a clear and transparent manner. The Spanish State is bankrupt according to the accounts it publishes: 2020 net worth = -579 billion euros. One billion is one billion. The State Debt has increased enormously (it has reached 1,419 billion euros in 2021) because the State's income has been lower than its expenses since 2008

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Spanish
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: IESE Business School Working Paper
    Subjects: Spain; Debt; Social Security; VAT; Personal Income Tax
    Other subjects: Array
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Notes:

    Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments November 15, 2021 erstellt
  2. Paraguay
    informe del personal técnico sobre la consulta del Artículo IV correspondiente a 2020
    Published: abril de 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    In the past two decades, Paraguay has seen strong growth and a sharp reduction in poverty. Strong GDP growth was the result of sound macro policies (with low inflation and low fiscal deficits and debt) and an agricultural commodity price boom which... more

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    In the past two decades, Paraguay has seen strong growth and a sharp reduction in poverty. Strong GDP growth was the result of sound macro policies (with low inflation and low fiscal deficits and debt) and an agricultural commodity price boom which spilled over to the non-tradable sector. Growth was not just high but also volatile, as bad weather shocks led to poor harvests, which spill over to the broader economy. In early 2020, Paraguay was rebounding strongly from another weather shock, and full-year growth was forecast at over 4 percent. In 2019, bad weather had reduced the harvest, and GDP growth had come to a near standstill. A recovery started in the second half of 2019 and gathered strength in early 2020-in February economic activity was 7 percent higher than a year earlier. The Covid-19 epidemic halted the recovery. An early lockdown-which kept the death toll among the lowest in the region-led to a sharp contraction in economic activity, with April activity levels at 20 percent below those in February. Women, informal sector workers, and workers in the service sector were particularly hard hit; while children were severely affected by the closing of the schools until the end of 2020

     
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