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Displaying results 1 to 16 of 16.

  1. Price adjustment in the euro area in the low-inflation period
    evidence from consumer and producer micro price data

    This paper documents five stylised facts relating to price adjustment in the euro area, using various micro price datasets collected in a period with relatively low and stable inflation. First, price changes are infrequent in the core sectors. On... more

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    This paper documents five stylised facts relating to price adjustment in the euro area, using various micro price datasets collected in a period with relatively low and stable inflation. First, price changes are infrequent in the core sectors. On average, 12% of consumer prices change each month, falling to 8.5% when sales prices are excluded. The frequency of producer price adjustment is greater (25%), reflecting that the prices of intermediate goods and energy are more flexible. For both consumer and producer prices, cross-sectoral heterogeneity is more pronounced than cross-country heterogeneity. Second, price changes tend to be large and heterogeneous. For consumer prices, the typical absolute price change is about 10%, and the distribution of price changes shows a broad dispersion. For producer prices, the typical absolute price change is smaller, but nevertheless larger than inflation. Third, price setting is mildly state-dependent: the probability of price adjustment rises with the size of price misalignment, mainly reflecting idiosyncratic shocks, but it does not increase very sharply. Fourth, for both consumer and producer prices, the repricing rate showed no trend in the period 2005-19 but was more volatile in the short run. Fifth, small cyclical variations in frequency did not contribute much to fluctuations in aggregate inflation, which instead mainly reflected shifts in the average size of price changes. Consistent with idiosyncratic shocks as the main driver of price changes, aggregate disturbances affected inflation by shifting the relative number of firms increasing or decreasing their prices, rather than the size of price increases and decreases.

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289960632
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278585
    Series: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 319
    Subjects: price stickiness; consumer prices; producer prices; scanner data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Some implications of micro pricesetting evidence for inflation dynamics and monetary transmission
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper analyses the implications of the evidence on micro price setting gathered by Price-setting Microdata Analysis Network (PRISMA) for inflation dynamics and monetary policy, relying on calibrated models and direct empirical evidence.... more

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    DS 535
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    This paper analyses the implications of the evidence on micro price setting gathered by Price-setting Microdata Analysis Network (PRISMA) for inflation dynamics and monetary policy, relying on calibrated models and direct empirical evidence. According to models calibrated to the euro area micro evidence in Gautier et al. (2022, 2023), infrequent price changes and moderate state dependence in price setting should result in a meaningful Phillips curve in the euro area. Empirical estimates of the Phillips curve during the low-inflation period confirm previous findings of a relatively flat but stable slope. This estimated flat slope reflects both infrequent and subdued price adjustment in response to aggregate shocks, i.e. the presence of nominal and real rigidities. Model-based simulations show that, due to non-linearities in price setting, changes in trend inflation above 5-6% would have significant effects on the euro area Phillips curve. Similarly, shocks to nominal costs larger than 15% would result in non-linear effects on inflation dynamics in calibrated models. In line with these simulations, recent micro evidence suggests that the return of higher and more volatile inflation seems to be associated with higher frequencies of price changes, mainly because the frequency of price increases rises with the level and volatility of inflation.

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289961509
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278587
    Series: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 321
    Subjects: state-dependent price setting and non-linearities; heterogeneity; real andnominal rigidities; price Phillips curve
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Price adjustment in the euro area in the low-inflation period
    evidence from consumer and producer micro price data

    This paper documents five stylised facts relating to price adjustment in the euro area, using various micro price datasets collected in a period with relatively low and stable inflation. First, price changes are infrequent in the core sectors. On... more

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    This paper documents five stylised facts relating to price adjustment in the euro area, using various micro price datasets collected in a period with relatively low and stable inflation. First, price changes are infrequent in the core sectors. On average, 12% of consumer prices change each month, falling to 8.5% when sales prices are excluded. The frequency of producer price adjustment is greater (25%), reflecting that the prices of intermediate goods and energy are more flexible. For both consumer and producer prices, cross-sectoral heterogeneity is more pronounced than cross-country heterogeneity. Second, price changes tend to be large and heterogeneous. For consumer prices, the typical absolute price change is about 10%, and the distribution of price changes shows a broad dispersion. For producer prices, the typical absolute price change is smaller, but nevertheless larger than inflation. Third, price setting is mildly state-dependent: the probability of price adjustment rises with the size of price misalignment, mainly reflecting idiosyncratic shocks, but it does not increase very sharply. Fourth, for both consumer and producer prices, the repricing rate showed no trend in the period 2005-19 but was more volatile in the short run. Fifth, small cyclical variations in frequency did not contribute much to fluctuations in aggregate inflation, which instead mainly reflected shifts in the average size of price changes. Consistent with idiosyncratic shocks as the main driver of price changes, aggregate disturbances affected inflation by shifting the relative number of firms increasing or decreasing their prices, rather than the size of price increases and decreases.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289960632
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278585
    Series: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 319
    Subjects: price stickiness; consumer prices; producer prices; scanner data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Some implications of micro pricesetting evidence for inflation dynamics and monetary transmission
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper analyses the implications of the evidence on micro price setting gathered by Price-setting Microdata Analysis Network (PRISMA) for inflation dynamics and monetary policy, relying on calibrated models and direct empirical evidence.... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan

     

    This paper analyses the implications of the evidence on micro price setting gathered by Price-setting Microdata Analysis Network (PRISMA) for inflation dynamics and monetary policy, relying on calibrated models and direct empirical evidence. According to models calibrated to the euro area micro evidence in Gautier et al. (2022, 2023), infrequent price changes and moderate state dependence in price setting should result in a meaningful Phillips curve in the euro area. Empirical estimates of the Phillips curve during the low-inflation period confirm previous findings of a relatively flat but stable slope. This estimated flat slope reflects both infrequent and subdued price adjustment in response to aggregate shocks, i.e. the presence of nominal and real rigidities. Model-based simulations show that, due to non-linearities in price setting, changes in trend inflation above 5-6% would have significant effects on the euro area Phillips curve. Similarly, shocks to nominal costs larger than 15% would result in non-linear effects on inflation dynamics in calibrated models. In line with these simulations, recent micro evidence suggests that the return of higher and more volatile inflation seems to be associated with higher frequencies of price changes, mainly because the frequency of price increases rises with the level and volatility of inflation.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289961509
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278587
    Series: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 321
    Subjects: state-dependent price setting and non-linearities; heterogeneity; real andnominal rigidities; price Phillips curve
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. New facts on consumer price rigidity in the Euro Area

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    VS 501
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Working paper / Bank of Greece ; 302
    Subjects: price rigidity; inflation; consumer prices; micro dat
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 117 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. New facts on consumer price rigidity in the euro area

    Using CPI micro data for 11 euro area countries covering about 60% of the euro area consumption basket over the period 2010-2019, we document new findings on consumer price rigidity in the euro area: (i) each month on average 12.3% of prices change,... more

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
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    DS 534
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    Using CPI micro data for 11 euro area countries covering about 60% of the euro area consumption basket over the period 2010-2019, we document new findings on consumer price rigidity in the euro area: (i) each month on average 12.3% of prices change, which compares with 19.3% in the United States; when we exclude price changes due to sales, however, the proportion of prices adjusted each month is 8.5% in the euro area versus 10% in the United States; (ii) differences in price rigidity are rather limited across euro area countries but much larger across sectors; (iii) the median price increase (resp. decrease) is 9.6% (13%) when including sales and 6.7% (8.7%) when excluding sales; cross-country heterogeneity is more pronounced for the size than for the frequency of price changes; (iv) the distribution of price changes is highly dispersed: 14% of price changes in absolute values are lower than 2% whereas 10% are above 20%; (v) the overall frequency of price changes does not change much with in ation and does not react much to aggregate shocks; (vi) changes in in ation are mostly driven by movements in the overall size; when decomposing the overall size, changes in the share of price increases among all changes matter more than movements in the size of price increases or the size of price decreases. These findings are consistent with the predictions of a menu cost model in a low in ation environment where idiosyncratic shocks are a more relevant driver of price adjustment than aggregate shocks.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289951180
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/264494
    Series: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2669 (June 2022)
    Subjects: price rigidity; ination; consumer prices; micro data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 116 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. New facts on consumer price rigidity in the euro area

    Using CPI micro data for 11 euro area countries covering about 60% of the euro area consumption basket over the period 2010-2019, we document new findings on consumer price rigidity in the euro area: (i) each month on average 12.3% of prices change,... more

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 546
    No inter-library loan

     

    Using CPI micro data for 11 euro area countries covering about 60% of the euro area consumption basket over the period 2010-2019, we document new findings on consumer price rigidity in the euro area: (i) each month on average 12.3% of prices change, which compares with 19.3% in the United States; when we exclude price changes due to sales, however, the proportion of prices adjusted each month is 8.5% in the euro area versus 10% in the United States; (ii) differences in price rigidity are rather limited across euro area countries but much larger across sectors; (iii) the median price increase (resp. decrease) is 9.6% (13%) when including sales and 6.7% (8.7%) when excluding sales; cross-country heterogeneity is more pronounced for the size than for the frequency of price changes; (iv) the distribution of price changes is highly dispersed: 14% of price changes in absolute values are lower than 2% whereas 10% are above 20%; (v) the overall frequency of price changes does not change much with inflation and does not react much to aggregate shocks; (vi) changes in inflation are mostly driven by movements in the overall size; when decomposing the overall size, changes in the share of price increases among all changes matter more than movements in the size of price increases or the size of price decreases. These findings are consistent with the predictions of a menu cost model in a low inflation environment where idiosyncratic shocks are a more relevant driver of price adjustment than aggregate shocks.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273112
    Series: Working paper research / National Bank of Belgium ; no 408 (June 2022)
    Subjects: price rigidity; inflation; consumer prices; micro data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 119 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. New facts on consumer price rigidity in the euro area

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    VS 552
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/264832
    Series: Working paper / OeNB, Oesterreichische Nationalbank ; 240
    Subjects: price rigidity; ination; consumer prices; micro data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 118 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. New facts on consumer price rigidity in the Euro area

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working papers series / Lietuvos Bankas ; No.2022,105
    Subjects: price rigidity; inflation; consumer prices; micro data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 115 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The case for a positive Euro Area inflation target
    evidence from France, Germany and Italy
    Published: 20 December 2021
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    LZ 161
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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP16828
    Subjects: optimal inflation target; micro price trends; Welfare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa Seiten)
  11. New facts on consumer price rigidity in the Euro Area

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    VS 470
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 2225
    Subjects: price rigidity; inflation; consumer prices; micro data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 109 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. New facts on consumer price rigidity in the euro area

    Using CPI micro data for 11 euro area countries covering about 60% of the euro area consumption basket over the period 2010-2019, we document new findings on consumer price rigidity in the euro area: (i) each month on average 12.3% of prices change,... more

    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
    No inter-library loan
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 12
    No inter-library loan

     

    Using CPI micro data for 11 euro area countries covering about 60% of the euro area consumption basket over the period 2010-2019, we document new findings on consumer price rigidity in the euro area: (i) each month on average 12.3% of prices change, which compares with 19.3% in the United States; when we exclude price changes due to sales, however, the proportion of prices adjusted each month is 8.5% in the euro area versus 10% in the United States; (ii) differences in price rigidity are rather limited across euro area countries but much larger across sectors; (iii) the median price increase (resp. decrease) is 9.6% (13%) when including sales and 6.7% (8.7%) when excluding sales; cross-country heterogeneity is more pronounced for the size than for the frequency of price changes; (iv) the distribution of price changes is highly dispersed: 14% of price changes in absolute values are lower than 2% whereas 10% are above 20%; (v) the overall frequency of price changes does not change much with inflation and does not react much to aggregate shocks; (vi) changes in inflation are mostly driven by movements in the overall size; when decomposing the overall size, changes in the share of price increases among all changes matter more than movements in the size of price increases or the size of price decreases. These findings are consistent with the predictions of a menu cost model in a low inflation environment where idiosyncratic shocks are a more relevant driver of price adjustment than aggregate shocks.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783957299062
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265428
    Series: Discussion paper / Deutsche Bundesbank ; no 2022, 32
    Subjects: price rigidity; inflation; consumer prices; micro data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 111 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. New facts on consumer price rigidity in the Euro Area

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NSB Working paper / National Bank of Slovakia ; 2022,1
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource
  14. The case for a positive euro area inflation target
    evidence from France, Germany and Italy
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Banca d'Italia Eurosistema, [Rom]

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    VS 450
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Temi di discussione / Banca d'Italia ; number 1344 (October 2021)
    Subjects: optimal inflation target; micro price trends; welfare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The case for a positive euro area inflation target
    evidence from France, Germany and Italy
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main

    Using micro price data underlying the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices in France, Germany and Italy, we estimate relative price trends over the product life cycle and show that minimizing price and mark-up distortions in the presence of these... more

    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 12
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    Using micro price data underlying the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices in France, Germany and Italy, we estimate relative price trends over the product life cycle and show that minimizing price and mark-up distortions in the presence of these trends requires targeting a significantly positive inflation target. Relative price trends shift the optimal in ation target up from a level of zero percent, as suggested by the standard sticky price literature, to a range of 1.1%- 2.1% in France, 1.2%-2.0% in Germany, 0.8%-1.0% in Italy, and 1.1-1.7% in the Euro Area (three country average). Differences across countries emerge due to systematic differences in the strength of relative price trends. Other considerations not taken into account in the present paper may push up the optimal inflation targets further. The welfare costs associated with targeting zero inflation turn out to be substantial and range between 2.1% and 4.5% of consumption in present-value terms.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783957298348
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240198
    Series: Discussion paper / Deutsche Bundesbank ; no 2021, 26
    Subjects: Optimal inflation target; micro price trends; welfare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The case for a positive euro area inflation target
    evidence from France, Germany and Italy
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Using micro price data underlying the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices in France, Germany and Italy, we estimate relative price trends over the product life cycle and show that minimizing price and mark-up distortions in the presence of these... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
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    DS 534
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    Using micro price data underlying the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices in France, Germany and Italy, we estimate relative price trends over the product life cycle and show that minimizing price and mark-up distortions in the presence of these trends requires targeting a significantly positive in ation target. Relative price trends shift the optimal in ation target up from a level of zero percent, as suggested by the standard sticky price literature, to a range of 1.1%- 2.1% in France, 1.2%-2.0% in Germany, 0.8%-1.0% in Italy, and 1.1-1.7% in the Euro Area (three country average). Differences across countries emerge due to systematic differences in the strength of relative price trends. Other considerations not taken into account in the present paper may push up the optimal in ation targets further. The welfare costs associated with targeting zero in ation turn out to be substantial and range between 2.1% and 4.5% of consumption in present-value terms.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289947619
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237714
    Series: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2575 (July 2021)
    Subjects: Optimal ination target; micro price trends; welfare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen