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Displaying results 1 to 11 of 11.

  1. Cost of doing business during COVID-19
    SME investment in public health compliance
    Author: Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina; O'Toole, Conor
    Published: May 25, 2021
    Publisher:  ESRI, Dublin

    In this paper, we use a novel survey module to consider investment in health-related expenditures by SMEs following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. Using a unique dataset designed to capture expenditure on public health measures, we... more

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    In this paper, we use a novel survey module to consider investment in health-related expenditures by SMEs following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. Using a unique dataset designed to capture expenditure on public health measures, we explore the heterogeneity in expenditure across firms and explore its determinants using traditional models. We find that 86 per cent of SMEs invested in health measures with a mean investment of =C15,500 and a median of =C3,500. Nearly all investment was financed by internal funds. Health investments are uncorrelated with economic performance and financial factors, in contrast to traditional models of investments. This highlights the random nature of the COVID-19 shock.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237972
    Series: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 701 (May 2021)
    Subjects: SMEs; investment; financing; COVID-19; public health measures
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Dynamics in European exports in times of crisis
    the impact of growth at home and abroad
    Author: Kren, Janez; Edwards, Terence Huw; Van Hove, Jan
    Published: February 2016
    Publisher:  School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Economics discussion paper series / School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University ; WP 2016, 01
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Early reactions of EU-UK trade flows to Brexit
    Author: Flynn, Eimear; Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina
    Published: December 21, 2021
    Publisher:  ESRI, Dublin

    This paper examines the early months of trade in goods between the United Kingdom and European Union in the aftermath of Brexit. Controlling for product-time and partner country effects across all European bilateral trade flows, we isolate the... more

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    This paper examines the early months of trade in goods between the United Kingdom and European Union in the aftermath of Brexit. Controlling for product-time and partner country effects across all European bilateral trade flows, we isolate the contribution of Brexit on trade in the first half of 2021 from other potential common drivers of trade flows including the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show sharp declines in trade from the UK to the EU, the majority of which can be attributed to a Brexit impact. We also document considerable variation across member states and sectors. The effect of Brexit is highly asymmetric, however, with reduction in trade from the EU to the UK approximately half the size of the fall from the UK to EU. This is likely explained by the more gradual implementation of customs checks by the UK. Reductions in trade are identified from the date of the referendum and no evidence of stockpiling in the months prior to Brexit is found on either side.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265894
    Series: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 713 (December 2021)
    Subjects: Brexit; free trade agreements; customs checks
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Firm-level attitudes and actions to the "Twin Transition" challenges of digitalisation and climate change
    Author: Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina
    Published: January 25, 2023
    Publisher:  ESRI, Economic & Social Research Institute, Dublin

    Mitigating and adapting to climate change is a central global challenge that may incur costs for many businesses but also one that could bring opportunities in terms of productivity and new markets. Increased use of digital technologies is an area... more

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    Mitigating and adapting to climate change is a central global challenge that may incur costs for many businesses but also one that could bring opportunities in terms of productivity and new markets. Increased use of digital technologies is an area where the challenge of climate adaptation and promotion of productivity growth may be bridged. This research uses firm-level evidence from Ireland to examine firm attitudes and the determinants of firm participation in one or both of the "twin transition" elements. The data is drawn from a large-scale survey including novel questions on energy use, climate adaption priorities and digital strategies along with a wide range of firm characteristics. Larger and more productive firms are more likely to have higher degrees of digitalisation and to have climate action plans in place. Firm productivity is also positively linked to active steps such as measuring CO2 emissions. We find considerable overlap between having a climate and a digital plan in place across firms while controlling for a range of other firm characteristics. At the same time, we find a reasonably large share of firmsthat have positive attitudes to the importance of climate planning but without reporting corresponding concrete actions, suggesting a gap for policy to address.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: ESRI working paper ; no. 742 (January 2023)
    Subjects: Digitalisierung; Klimapolitik; Umweltmanagement; Unternehmen; Irland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. How has Brexit changed EU-UK trade flows?
    Author: Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina
    Published: October 19, 2022
    Publisher:  ESRI, Economic & Social Research Institute, Dublin

    This paper estimates how Brexit has affected goods trade between the United Kingdom and European Union. Using product-level trade flows between the EU and all other countries in the world as a comparison group, we find a sharp decline in trade from... more

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    This paper estimates how Brexit has affected goods trade between the United Kingdom and European Union. Using product-level trade flows between the EU and all other countries in the world as a comparison group, we find a sharp decline in trade from the UK to the EU and significant but smaller reductions in trade from the EU to the UK. However, when we estimate the size of the Brexit impact on trade using UK data and UK global trade as a benchmark, we find strikingly different results. We identify two key sources of this discrepancy. First, the UK's global exports grew relatively slowly. We argue these are not suitable as a no-Brexit counterfactual. Second, Brexit also led to breaks in the measurement of trade flows, particularly for the EU data. To resolve these issues, we combine UK-reported data for its trade with EU and EU data for its trade with the rest of the world to use as the appropriate benchmark for comparison. This generates an estimate that Brexit reduced trade by close to 20% in both directions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/272962
    Series: ESRI working paper ; no. 735 (October 2022)
    Subjects: Brexit; free trade agreements; customs checks
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Initial impact of Brexit on Ireland-UK trade flows
    Author: Flynn, Eimear; Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina
    Published: December 21, 2021
    Publisher:  ESRI, Dublin

    This paper examines the early months of post-Brexit trade flows in goods between Ireland and the United Kingdom. Controlling for product-level time effects across all global trade partners, we isolate the contribution of Brexit to trade in the first... more

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    DS 176
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    This paper examines the early months of post-Brexit trade flows in goods between Ireland and the United Kingdom. Controlling for product-level time effects across all global trade partners, we isolate the contribution of Brexit to trade in the first eight months of 2021 from other potential common drivers of trade flows including the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated direct impact of Brexit is highly asymmetric, reducing imports from the UK to Ireland substantially but without any statistically significant impact on exports. This is likely due to the gradual implementation of customs procedures by the UK, with a range of checks to be introduced in 2022. We decompose the Irish-UK trade flows into trade with Northern Ireland separately from Great Britain. This shows that all of the decline in trade is driven by Great Britain with the majority of the reduction attributable to Brexit. In contrast, trade between Ireland and Northern Ireland trade has increased considerably.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265895
    Series: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 714 (December 2021)
    Subjects: Brexit; free trade agreements; customs checks
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. New survey evidence on COVID-19 and Irish SMEs
    measuring the impact and policy response
    Author: Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina; McCann, Fergal; McQuinn, John; O'Toole, Conor
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  [Central Bank of Ireland], Dublin, Ireland

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Research technical paper / Central Bank of Ireland ; vol. 2021, no. 3
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Wirkungsanalyse; KMU; Verlust; Mittelstandspolitik; Subvention; Irland; Small and Medium-sized Enterprises; COVID-19; Survey Evidence; Policy Supports
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. New survey evidence on COVID-19 and Irish SMEs
    measuring the impact and policy response
    Author: Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina; O'Toole, Conor; McCann, Fergal; McQuinn, John
    Published: April 27, 2021
    Publisher:  ESRI, Dublin

    In this paper, we use new survey data on the Irish SME population to trace out the impact of the pandemic on firms' revenues, their capacity to adjust their cost base and their usage of policy supports. Between March and October 2020 over 70 per cent... more

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    In this paper, we use new survey data on the Irish SME population to trace out the impact of the pandemic on firms' revenues, their capacity to adjust their cost base and their usage of policy supports. Between March and October 2020 over 70 per cent of firms experienced some fall in turnover with a median fall of 25 per cent compared to 2019. The impact of the shock appears uncorrelated with past firm performance which highlights its exogenous nature. Expenditure fell by 8.5 per cent on average with 40 per cent of firms cutting spending. Losses were incurred in over 30 per cent of enterprises with a further 30 per cent just breaking even. We find that about 61 per cent of SMEs received wage subsidies, 20 per cent of firms used tax warehousing while fewer than 6 per cent of firms used lending initiatives. Policy support take-up is more likely among those more affected by the downturn, while the smallest firms appear less likely to use support than larger firms.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237969
    Series: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 698 (April 2021)
    Subjects: KMU; Coronavirus; Einnahmen; Unternehmenserfolg; Wirkungsanalyse; Irland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. SME financial distress and the macroeconomic recovery
    a microsimulation approach
    Author: Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina; McGuinness, Gerard; O'Toole, Conor
    Published: January 24, 2022
    Publisher:  ESRI, Dublin

    This paper models the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Irish SMEs and extrapolates forward their performance as restrictions ease. Our baseline scenario shows a steady recovery path for the median firm. However, indicators of financial... more

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    This paper models the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Irish SMEs and extrapolates forward their performance as restrictions ease. Our baseline scenario shows a steady recovery path for the median firm. However, indicators of financial difficulties remain persistently high with the share of highly distressed firms reaching twenty-one per cent in 2024 in scenarios without firm exit. With exit of the most financially distressed firms, the patterns of financial characteristics return to 2019 levels by 2023. We also model the impact of the policy supports available to firms. In the absence of government supports, the distress rate would have been seventy-two per cent higher during the pandemic. We find that supports have a persistent impact even after they expire. In 2024, the distressed rate without the supports would be twenty per cent higher than in the baseline scenario with supports.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265900
    Series: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 718 (January 2022)
    Subjects: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises; COVID-19; Policy Supports
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Services in the European Union
    what kinds of regulatory policies enhance productivity?
    Author: Van der Marel, Erik; Kren, Janez; Iootty, Mariana
    Published: December 2016
    Publisher:  Word Bank Group, Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice Group, Washington, D.C.

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 2 (7919)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 7919
    Subjects: Dienstleistungssektor; Regulierung; Wettbewerb; EU-Staaten
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. What drives SME investment in digitalisation?
    micro-data evidence for Ireland
    Author: Kren, Janez; O'Toole, Conor
    Published: April 2024
    Publisher:  ESRI, Economic & Social Research Institute, [Dublin]

    In this paper, we use novel firm-level microdata for Ireland to explore the factors that determine the investment in digitalisation for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). More specifically, we use cross-sectional survey data to explore... more

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    In this paper, we use novel firm-level microdata for Ireland to explore the factors that determine the investment in digitalisation for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). More specifically, we use cross-sectional survey data to explore whether firm fundamentals or constraints act to impact digitalisation. Furthermore, we explore whether the factors determining digital investment differ from those that impact other capital expenditures (tangible fixed assets and intangibles) using both a logit and tobit approach to deal with the censoring of the investment variable and to model separately the propensity to invest and the level of investment. We also explore heterogenous effects across age, size and sector. We find that typical indicators of firm performance such as the marginal profitability of capital and overall firm profitability are strong explanatory variables for investment in digital assets. We do not find any major impact of credit market factors such as access to finance or indebtedness but interest rates have a negative effect. We find considerable variation across size, sector and age with micro and older firms much less likely to invest in digital assets.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: ESRI working paper ; no. 777
    Subjects: Digitalisierung; Investitionsentscheidung; KMU; Logit-Modell; Tobit-Modell; Irland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen