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  1. Transporte urbano e insuficiência de acesso a escolas no Brasil
    Author: Saraiva, Marcus; Silva, Luiz Pedro; Braga, Carlos Kauê Vieira; Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes
    Published: fevereiro de 2023
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Providing access to education for low-income populations is essential to reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion. Although the spatial dimension of inequalities in access to education has received attention in recent studies, there is a lack... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 194
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    Providing access to education for low-income populations is essential to reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion. Although the spatial dimension of inequalities in access to education has received attention in recent studies, there is a lack of studies that examine whether children have sufficient access to schools across Brazilian cities and how spatial patterns of accessibility poverty affect the lowest income population. This study presents the first large-scale analysis of accessibility to public schools across the 20 largest cities in Brazil in high spatial resolution. This study focuses on children and teenagers from low-income families and their access to early childhood day-care facilities and secondary schools, which present the lowest levels of school coverage in the country. Considering accessibility by foot and public transport, the study investigates education- -related social exclusion in the intra-urban scale as well as across cities and regions considering multiple thresholds of accessibility poverty. Results indicate that significant actions are still needed to achieve universal access to education in Brazil, particularly in what concerns early childhood and secondary education. We find a substantial portion of poor children with insufficient access to day-care and upper secondary schooling, particularly in low-density areas in the outskirts of cities. The low population density of these areas poses a challenge for the provision of education facilities in enough numbers and spatial coverage to improve school accessibility. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the geographical dimension of poor access to education, which can have long-term effects on social exclusion from opportunities deepening poverty and social inequalities.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284910
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2854
    Subjects: urban transport; urban accessibility; education; access to schools; social exclusion; transport poverty
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Desigualdades raciais e de renda no acesso à saúde nas cidades brasileiras
    Author: Tomasiello, Diego Bogado; Bazzo, João; Parga, João; Servo, Luciana Mendes Santos; Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes
    Published: janeiro de 2023
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The population's access to public health services contribute to reducing disease prevalence and raising life expectancy. In Brazil, the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) is guided by the principles of universality and integrality of care to all health... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 194
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    The population's access to public health services contribute to reducing disease prevalence and raising life expectancy. In Brazil, the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) is guided by the principles of universality and integrality of care to all health needs. Despite the advances of the SUS, it faces permanent challenges in planning the coverage and equity of health services to reduce, spatial, and income inequalities in access to health care. Several studies explore the spatial dimension of socioeconomic inequalities in access to health services in Brazil, but few analyze inequalities within urban areas and bring evidence of racial inequalities. This study aims to contribute to this debate by presenting the first large-scale study analyzing in high spatial resolution the social and racial inequalities in access to health services in Brazil. The analysis covers access to public services of primary care and high complexity by public transport, car and on foot, considering the year 2019 in the 20 largest cities in Brazil. It presents detailed descriptive analyses on spatial inequalities of access to health care facilities within cities and on social inequalities considering the intersectionality between income levels and color/race. The results show that the distribution patterns of population, health facilities, and transportation networks in the largest Brazilian cities contribute to unequal access to health services. In general, the low-income population, regardless of race, has greater accessibility to primary care services due to their greater capillarity of these services. By contrast, the high-income population, mostly white, has greater accessibility to highly complex health services, due to the spatial concentration of these services and population groups in the central regions of major urban centers. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the geographical dimension of inequalities in access to health care in the largest Brazilian cities, showing how universal access to this essential service is conditioned by social, economic, and transportation-related factors.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284888
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2832
    Subjects: urban accessibility; health; SUS; inequalities; racial inequalities; access to health; cities
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Estimativas de acessibilidade a empregos e serviços públicos via transporte ativo, público e privado nas vinte maiores cidades do Brasil no período 2017-2019
    Author: Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes; Braga, Carlos Kauê Vieira; Herszenhut, Daniel; Saraiva, Marcus; Tomasiello, Diego Bogado
    Published: setembro de 2022
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    One of the main goals of transportation policies is to improve the people's access to employment opportunities, public services, and amenities. For this reason, an increasing number of transportation and funding agencies have sought to incorporate... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 194
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    One of the main goals of transportation policies is to improve the people's access to employment opportunities, public services, and amenities. For this reason, an increasing number of transportation and funding agencies have sought to incorporate accessibility studies in the planning and assessment of their transportation policies and infrastructure investments. However, there is still very limited data on urban accessibility in Brazil due to computational and methodological challenges. This study presents a comprehensive database with urban accessibility estimates created by the Access to Opportunities Project (Projeto Acesso a Oportunidades), and introduce the methods used in its development. The database consists of a spatial grid of hexagons of high spatial resolution that aggregates estimates of accessibility to jobs (low-, medium- and high-qualification) and public services, such as schools (early childhood, primary and high school), health facilities (hospital and ambulatory services of low, medium and high complexity) and reference centers for social assistance (Cras). These estimates are calculated using different accessibility indicators by transport mode (walking, cycling, public transport, and car), for different times of the day (peak and off-peak) and for different population groups according to income levels, race, gender, and age. In this edition, the database brings information for the period from 2017 to 2019 based on a single consistent methodology for the twenty largest cities in Brazil. This database is made publicly available by the Ipea through the website of the Access to Opportunities Project and through the R package aopdata. We hope this work will allow researchers and policy makers to use urban accessibility estimates to inform research as well as the planning and evaluation of public policies.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284858
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2800
    Subjects: urban accessibility; urban transport; public transport; walking; bicycle; automobile; jobs; health; education; social assistance; public services; cities; Brazil
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen