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  1. House Sorting in “Harry Potter”: A Choice of Stereotypes?
    Author: Fischer, Hedwig; Heinz, Sarah; Röder, Katrin
    Published: 2018

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    Language: English
    Media type: Undefined
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Harry Potter; Britische Literatur; Stereotypisierung; Internat; British literature; stereotypes; school houses
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  2. House Sorting in “Harry Potter”: A Choice of Stereotypes?
    Author: Fischer, Hedwig
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

    Abstract ; Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss des House Sorting, das Einteilen von Schülern in Häusern, in den „Harry Potter“-Romanen von J. K. Rowling untersucht. Es wird die These aufgestellt, dass im Zusammenhang mit den Hogwarts-Häusern... more

     

    Abstract ; Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss des House Sorting, das Einteilen von Schülern in Häusern, in den „Harry Potter“-Romanen von J. K. Rowling untersucht. Es wird die These aufgestellt, dass im Zusammenhang mit den Hogwarts-Häusern Stereotypen gebildet werden, die einer klaren Abtrennung von Gut und Böse dienen und zum Ende der Buchreihe teilweise durchbrochen werden. Nach einer theoretischen Abhandlung über Stereotypen und ihrer Bildung wird auf die Struktur von Häusern innerhalb der Organisation von Internatsschulen eingegangen. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Häuser im Gleichklang zu britischen Boarding Schools auch im narrativen Text zu einem Gemeinschaftsgefühl, zu Rivalisierungen und zu einer gleichsamen Eintracht und Trennung von Schülern führen. Im Anschluss wird dargestellt, wie der narrative Text die Einstellungen gegenüber den Hogwarts-Häusern mithilfe von mehreren stilistischen Mitteln manipuliert, steuert und damit Stereotype hervorruft. Durch eine Analyse der Einführung jedes Hauses wird deutlich, wie Slytherin mit Voldemort, faschistischen Ideologien und dem Bösen assoziiert wird, während Gryffindor durch den symbolischen Gegensatz zu Slytherin zum endgültigen Gutem und Rechtmäßigem wird. Die Entwicklungen ausgesuchter, stereotypisierter Figuren, die sich in entscheidenden Momenten überraschend verhalten, brechen die Stereotype, die zu den Häusern gehören, leicht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Severus Snape und Peter Pettigrew, die mit unterschiedlichen Motivationen die Seite wechseln. Im Anschluss wird argumentiert, dass die Haus-Stereotypen am Ende der Buchreihe nicht abgelehnt werden, sondern weiterhin innerhalb der Zaubergesellschaft bestehen bleiben. Allerdings ist die Möglichkeit der Wahl ein wiederkehrendes Motiv in „Harry Potter“, welches deutlich macht, dass Lebensumstände keinen Einfluss auf moralische Entscheidungen haben. ; Abstract ; This work examines the influence of House Sorting – the act of dividing pupils into school houses – in the “Harry Potter” novels by J. K. Rowling. Within the novels, stereotypes in connection to Hogwarts houses are established. The stereotypes then serve as a clear distinction between good and evil and are partially rejected at the end of the series. After a theoretical investigation into stereotypes and their development, the work at hand focuses on the structure of houses within the organisation of boarding schools. It is shown how the houses in the narrative text lead to a sense of community and to rivalry among Hogwarts students – thus, similar to British boarding schools, both to unification and separation of students. Following this, it is outlined how the narrative text manipulates and guides the character’s and the reader’s attitudes towards the Hogwarts Houses with the help of stylistic means, thereby creating stereotypes. An analysis of the introduction of every house shows how Slytherin is associated with Voldemort, fascists ideologies and evil, while Gryffindor becomes the ultimate good and rightful by its symbolic opposition to Slytherin. The developments of selected, stereotypical characters who behave surprisingly in moments of choice partially break the stereotypes connected to the houses. The analysis focuses on Severus Snape and Peter Pettigrew who both change sides out of different motivations. Finally, it is argued that the house stereotypes as such are not rejected at the end of the book series but rather persist within the magical society. However, a recurring motif in “Harry Potter” is the possibility of choice, which shows how personal (living) conditions do not confine moral decisions.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Bachelor thesis
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    DDC Categories: 820; 823; 305
    Subjects: Harry Potter; Britische Literatur; Stereotypisierung; Internat; British literature; stereotypes; school houses; altenglische Literatur
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    (CC BY-ND 3.0 DE) Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0 Deutschland ; creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/
  3. Stereotypes about Successful Entrepreneurs
    Author: Lyonnet, Victor; Stern, Léa
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    What comes to mind when thinking about a successful entrepreneur? Belief formation models suggest that what comes to mind is an oversimplified picture of the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs, i.e, stereotypes about successful... more

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    What comes to mind when thinking about a successful entrepreneur? Belief formation models suggest that what comes to mind is an oversimplified picture of the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs, i.e, stereotypes about successful entrepreneurs. Using French administrative data on 48,767 new firms, we show that some characteristics are stereotypical of success and have distributions that can generate miscalibrated beliefs. To illustrate how stereotypical thinking can lead to biased assessments, we report the discrepancies between the implied fraction of successful entrepreneurs under Bayesian vs. stereotypical thinking for several stereotypes. We discuss the consequences of stereotyping for venture capital allocation

     
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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Fisher College of Business Working Paper ; No. 2023-03-004
    Subjects: entrepreneurship; startups; deal selection; stereotypes; venture capital
    Other subjects: Array
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p)
    Notes:

    Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments June 7, 2023 erstellt
  4. Cultural stereotypes of multinational banks
    Author: Eichengreen, Barry; Saka, Orkun
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Systemic Risk Centre, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Series: SRC discussion paper ; no 123 (November 2022)
    Subjects: Internationale Bank; Unternehmenskultur; Stereotyp; Kultur; Personalmanagement; Internationale Bank; Unternehmenskultur; Stereotyp; Kultur; Personalmanagement; cultural biases; stereotypes; trust; banks; sovereign debt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 94 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Gender stereotypes among Japanese voters
    Author: Endo, Yuya; Ono, Yoshikuni
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  RIETI, [Tokyo, Japan]

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    Series: RIETI discussion paper series ; 21-E, 061 (July 2021)
    Subjects: female politicians; elections; stereotypes; public opinion
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Religious education and hermeneutics
    the case of teaching about Islam
    Author: Panjwani, Farid; Revell, Lynn
    Published: [2018]

    This article attempts to do three things: the first is an exploration of the ways in which Islam is presented in an essentialist way (with a focus on religious education (RE) in England and Wales), leading to stereotypes and unsubstantiated... more

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    This article attempts to do three things: the first is an exploration of the ways in which Islam is presented in an essentialist way (with a focus on religious education (RE) in England and Wales), leading to stereotypes and unsubstantiated generalisations that are then embedded in resources and agreed syllabi, secondly, it provides a critique of essentialism, and finally a case is made for the role of hermeneutics in the teaching and learning of Islam. We argue that a hermeneutical approach is a sound way to both conceptualise the phenomenon of Islam and a pedagogical opening to make sense of it, that may help overcome some of the weaknesses of the current ways of teaching about Islam.

     
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    Media type: Article (journal)
    Format: Online
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: British Journal of religious education; London : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 1978; 40(2018), 3, Seite 268-276

    Subjects: Hermeneutics; Islam; Muslims; diversity; essentialism; stereotypes
  7. Do stereotypes about older workers change? Evidence from a panel study among employers
    Author: Dalen, Hendrik P. van; Henkens, Kène
    Published: 20 July 2017
    Publisher:  CentER, Center for Economic Research, Tilburg

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    Series: Discussion paper / CentER, Center for Economic Research ; no. 2017, 028
    Subjects: managers; older worker; productivity; stereotypes; discrimination
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Discrimination, quotas, and stereotypes
    Author: Struth, Lennart; Thon, Max
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  ECONtribute, Bonn

    We analyze the effect of employment-quota policies on the development of uncertainty and stereotypes in a model of inaccurate statistical discrimination with ambiguity about worker abilities. We show that, even if group characteristics are identical,... more

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    We analyze the effect of employment-quota policies on the development of uncertainty and stereotypes in a model of inaccurate statistical discrimination with ambiguity about worker abilities. We show that, even if group characteristics are identical, higher uncertainty about one group can result in discriminatory employment decisions. The success of a quota in correcting the beliefs then depends crucially on the firm's learning process. In particular, we find that the more confident the firm is in its initial priors, the longer a quota needs to be implemented until beliefs are sufficiently corrected such that discriminatory behavior vanishes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/262350
    Series: ECONtribute discussion paper ; no. 188
    Subjects: Statistical discrimination; stereotypes; quotas; ambiguity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Diving in the minds of recruiters
    what triggers gender stereotypes in hiring?
    Author: Borm, Hannah Van; Baert, Stijn
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    We investigate the drivers of gender differentials in hiring chances. More concretely, we test (i) whether recruiters perceive job applicants in gender stereotypical terms when making hiring decisions and (ii) whether the activation of these gender... more

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    We investigate the drivers of gender differentials in hiring chances. More concretely, we test (i) whether recruiters perceive job applicants in gender stereotypical terms when making hiring decisions and (ii) whether the activation of these gender stereotypes in recruiters' minds varies by the salience of gender in a particular hiring context and the gender prototypicality of a job applicant, as hypothesised in Ridgeway and Kricheli-Katz (2013). To this end, we conduct an innovative vignette experiment in the United States with 290 genuine recruiters who evaluate fictitious job applicants regarding their hireability and 21 statements related to specific gender stereotypes. Moreover, we experimentally manipulate both the gender prototypicality of a job applicant and the salience of gender in the hiring context. We find that employers perceive women in gender stereotypical terms when making hiring decisions. In particular, women are perceived to be more social and supportive than men, but also as less assertive and physically strong. Furthermore, our results indicate that the gender prototypicality of job applicants moderates these perceptions: the less prototypical group of African American women, who are assumed to be less prototypical, are perceived in less stereotypical terms than white women, while some stereotypes are more outspoken when female résumés reveal family responsibilities.

     
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    hdl: 10419/253364
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1083
    Subjects: hiring; gender discrimination; stereotypes; race; motherhood
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten)
  10. Diving in the minds of recruiters
    what triggers gender stereotypes in hiring?
    Author: Borm, Hannah Van; Baert, Stijn
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate the drivers of gender differentials in hiring chances. More concretely, we test (i) whether recruiters perceive job applicants in gender stereotypical terms when making hiring decisions and (ii) whether the activation of these gender... more

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    We investigate the drivers of gender differentials in hiring chances. More concretely, we test (i) whether recruiters perceive job applicants in gender stereotypical terms when making hiring decisions and (ii) whether the activation of these gender stereotypes in recruiters’ minds varies by the salience of gender in a particular hiring context and the gender prototypicality of a job applicant, as hypothesised in Ridgeway and Kricheli-Katz (2013). To this end, we conduct an innovative vignette experiment in the United States with 290 genuine recruiters who evaluate fictitious job applicants regarding their hireability and 21 statements related to specific gender stereotypes. Moreover, we experimentally manipulate both the gender prototypicality of a job applicant and the salience of gender in the hiring context. We find that employers perceive women in gender stereotypical terms when making hiring decisions. In particular, women are perceived to be more social and supportive than men, but also as less assertive and physically strong. Furthermore, our results indicate that the gender prototypicality of job applicants moderates these perceptions: the less prototypical group of African American women, who are assumed to be less prototypical, are perceived in less stereotypical terms than white women, while some stereotypes are more outspoken when female résumés reveal family responsibilities.

     
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/263477
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15261
    Subjects: hiring; gender discrimination; stereotypes; race; motherhood
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten)
  11. Visual representation and stereotypes in news media
    Author: Ash, Elliott; Durante, Ruben; Grebenshchikova, Maria; Schwarz, Carlo
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We propose a new method for measuring gender and ethnic stereotypes in news reports. By combining computer vision and natural language processing tools, the method allows us to analyze both images and text as well as the interaction between the two.... more

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    We propose a new method for measuring gender and ethnic stereotypes in news reports. By combining computer vision and natural language processing tools, the method allows us to analyze both images and text as well as the interaction between the two. We apply this approach to over 2 million web articles published in the New York Times and Fox News between 2000 and 2020. We find that in both outlets, men and whites are generally over-represented relative to their population share, while women and Hispanics are under-represented. We also document that news content perpetuates common stereotypes such as associating Blacks and Hispanics with low-skill jobs, crime, and poverty, and Asians with high-skill jobs and science. For jobs, we show that the relationship between visual representation and racial stereotypes holds even after controlling for the actual share of a group in a given occupation. Finally, we find that group representation in the news is influenced by the gender and ethnic identity of authors and editors.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260816
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9686 (2022)
    Subjects: stereotypes; gender; race; media; computer vision; text analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Cultural stereotypes of multinational banks
    Author: Eichengreen, Barry; Saka, Orkun
    Published: 16 December 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP17754
    Subjects: Internationale Bank; Unternehmenskultur; Stereotyp; Kultur; Personalmanagement; cultural biases; stereotypes; trust; banks; sovereign debt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 93 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Gender stereotypes in the family
    Author: Nicoletti, Cheti; Sevilla, Almudena; Tonei, Valentina
    Published: December 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study whether and why parents have gender-stereotyped beliefs when they assess their child's skills. Exploiting systematic differences in parental beliefs about a child's skills and blindly graded standardized test scores, we find that parents... more

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    We study whether and why parents have gender-stereotyped beliefs when they assess their child's skills. Exploiting systematic differences in parental beliefs about a child's skills and blindly graded standardized test scores, we find that parents overestimate boys' skills more so than girls' in mathematics (a male-stereotyped subject), whereas there are no gender differences for reading. Consistent with an information friction hypothesis, we find that the parental gender bias disappears for parents who are interviewed after receiving information on their child's test scores. We further show that the parental gender bias in detriment of girls contributes to explain the widening of the gender gap in mathematical skills later in childhood, supporting the hypothesis that exposure to gender biases negatively influence girls' ability to achieve their full potential.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272400
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15773
    Subjects: parental beliefs; gender bias; stereotypes; school performance; standardized scores
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Gender stereotypes in the family
    Author: Nicoletti, Cheti; Sevilla, Almudena; Tonei, Valentina
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Series: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1891 (December 2022)
    Subjects: parental beliefs; gender bias; stereotypes; school performance; standardized scores
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Betting on diversity
    occupational segregation and gender stereotypes
    Author: Fischbacher, Urs; Kübler, Dorothea; Stüber, Robert
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany

    Many occupations and industries are highly segregated with respect to gender. This segregation could be due to perceived job-specific productivity differences between men and women. It could also result from the belief that single-gender teams... more

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    Many occupations and industries are highly segregated with respect to gender. This segregation could be due to perceived job-specific productivity differences between men and women. It could also result from the belief that single-gender teams perform better. We investigate the two explanations in a lab experiment with students and in an online experiment with personnel managers. The subjects bet on the productivity of teams of different gender compositions in tasks that differ with respect to gender stereotypes. We obtain similar results in both samples. Women are picked more often for the stereotypically female task and men more often for the stereotypically male task. Subjects do not believe that homogeneous teams perform better but bet more on diverse teams, especially in the task with complementarities. Elicited expectations about the bets of others reveal that subjects expect the effect of the gender stereotypes of tasks but underestimate others' bets on diversity

     
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    hdl: 10419/268273
    Series: Discussion paper / WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Research Area: Markets and Choice, Research Unit: Market Behavior ; SP II 2022, 207 (December 2022)
    Subjects: Gender segregation; hiring decisions; teams; discrimination; stereotypes
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Cultural stereotypes of multinational banks
    Author: Eichengreen, Barry; Saka, Orkun
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [LSE Financial Markets Group], [London]

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    Series: SRC discussion paper ; no 123 (November 2022)
    [FMG discussion paper] ; [DP 862]
    Subjects: Internationale Bank; Unternehmenskultur; Stereotyp; Kultur; Personalmanagement; cultural biases; stereotypes; trust; banks; sovereign debt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 94 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Cultural stereotypes of multinational banks
    Author: Eichengreen, Barry; Saka, Orkun
    Published: November 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Using hand-collected data spanning more than a decade on European banks' sovereign debt portfolios, we show that the trust of residents of a bank's countries of operation in the residents of a potential target country of investment has a positive,... more

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    Using hand-collected data spanning more than a decade on European banks' sovereign debt portfolios, we show that the trust of residents of a bank's countries of operation in the residents of a potential target country of investment has a positive, statistically significant, and economically important association with its cross-border exposures. In identifying cultural stereotypes at the bank level, we show that corporate culture at bank headquarters is influenced by foreign subsidiaries for several reasons, including banks' tendency to hire internally across borders for high-level managerial positions. We therefore leverage the geography of multinational bank branch networks to construct a bank-specific measure of culture that differs across banks headquartered in the same country, at the same point in time, with regard to the same target country. This allows us to compare how sovereign exposures are affected by cultural stereotypes while ruling out confounding factors at country and country-pair levels. The effect of stereotypes is persistent over time, stronger for less diversified banks, and weaker for target countries whose bonds appear more frequently in bank portfolios. Cultural stereotypes are particularly salient when governments are hit by sovereign debt crises.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271767
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10123 (2022)
    Subjects: Internationale Bank; Unternehmenskultur; Stereotyp; Kultur; Personalmanagement; cultural biases; stereotypes; trust; banks; sovereign debt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. A note on motivated cognition and discriminatory beliefs
    Author: Stötzer, Lasse Simon; Zimmermann, Florian
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    In this note, we provide evidence that motivated reasoning can be a source of discriminatory beliefs. We employ a representative survey experiment where we exogenously manipulate the presence of a need for justification of anti-social behavior... more

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    In this note, we provide evidence that motivated reasoning can be a source of discriminatory beliefs. We employ a representative survey experiment where we exogenously manipulate the presence of a need for justification of anti-social behavior towards an out-group. We provide causal evidence that survey participants devalue members of an out-group to justify taking away money from the group. Our results speak to a long-standing debate on the causes of racism and discrimination and suggest an important role of motivated cognition.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267252
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10019 (2022)
    Subjects: discrimination; stereotypes; racism; motivated reasoning; beliefs
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. A note on motivated cognition and discriminatory beliefs
    Author: Stötzer, Lasse; Zimmermann, Florian
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  ECONtribute, Bonn

    In this note, we provide evidence that motivated reasoning can be a source of discriminatory beliefs. We employ a representative survey experiment where we exogenously manipulate the presence of a need for justification of anti-social behavior... more

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    In this note, we provide evidence that motivated reasoning can be a source of discriminatory beliefs. We employ a representative survey experiment where we exogenously manipulate the presence of a need for justification of anti-social behavior towards an out-group. We provide causal evidence that survey participants devalue members of an out-group to justify taking away money from the group. Our results speak to a long-standing debate on the causes of racism and discrimination and suggest an important role of motivated cognition.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/268036
    Series: ECONtribute discussion paper ; no. 203
    Subjects: discrimination; stereotypes; racism; motivated reasoning; beliefs
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Betting on diversity
    occupational segregation and gender stereotypes
    Author: Fischbacher, Urs; Kübler, Dorothea; Stüber, Robert
    Published: December 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Many occupations and industries are highly segregated with respect to gender. This segregation could be due to perceived job-specific productivity differences between men and women. It could also result from the belief that single-gender teams... more

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    Many occupations and industries are highly segregated with respect to gender. This segregation could be due to perceived job-specific productivity differences between men and women. It could also result from the belief that single-gender teams perform better. We investigate the two explanations in a lab experiment with students and in an online experiment with personnel managers. The subjects bet on the productivity of teams of different gender compositions in tasks that differ with respect to gender stereotypes. We obtain similar results in both samples. Women are picked more often for the stereotypically female task and men more often for the stereotypically male task. Subjects do not believe that homogeneous teams perform better but bet more on diverse teams, especially in the task with complementarities. Elicited expectations about the bets of others reveal that subjects expect the effect of the gender stereotypes of tasks but underestimate others' bets on diversity.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271831
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10187 (2022)
    Subjects: gender segregation; hiring decisions; teams; discrimination; stereotypes
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The Yogi and the Scholar
    Rhetorical Polemics as Literary Frames and Conceptual Framework in Tibetan Buddhist Discourse
    Author: Viehbeck, Markus
    Published: [2020]

    Tibetan polemical literature is especially known and enjoyed for its harsh language and offensive comparisons, which stand in marked contrast to the philosophical and doctrinal matters that works of the genre commonly discuss. Drawing from a detailed... more

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    Tibetan polemical literature is especially known and enjoyed for its harsh language and offensive comparisons, which stand in marked contrast to the philosophical and doctrinal matters that works of the genre commonly discuss. Drawing from a detailed literary analysis of a particular polemical exchange between Ju Mipam (1846-1912) and Pari Rapsel (1840-1912), this article calls for a distinction between what might be called “rhetorical polemics” and “formal argumentation,” and argues that the former is used to exercise framing functions towards the latter, in both structural and conceptual terms. With regard to conceptual considerations, polemical comparisons play an important role. Through frequent allusions to a stereotypical divide of Buddhist experts in practice-oriented yogis and logic-oriented scholars, these discourses connect to a larger narrative framework about the correct or incorrect transmission of Buddhism on the Tibetan plateau, which individual agents use to characterize their opponents. In so doing, they contribute to the further solidification and promotion of the master narrative that this framework entails.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Article (journal)
    Format: Online
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: Entangled Religions; Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2014; 11(2020,4) Absatz 1-64; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: Buddhism; Polemics; Tibet; discourse analysis; historiography; rhetoric; stereotypes
  22. Adams and Eves: the gender gap in economics majors
    Author: Bertocchi, Graziella; Bonacini, Luca; Murat, Marina
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate the gender gap in Economics among bachelor's and master's graduates in Italy between 2010 and 2019. First we establish that being female exerts a negative impact on the choice to major in Economics: at the bachelor level, only 73 women... more

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    We investigate the gender gap in Economics among bachelor's and master's graduates in Italy between 2010 and 2019. First we establish that being female exerts a negative impact on the choice to major in Economics: at the bachelor level, only 73 women graduate in Economics for every 100 men, with the mathematical content of high school curricula as the key driver of the effect and a persistence of the gap at the master level. Second, within a full menu of major choices, Economics displays the largest gap, followed by STEM and then Business Economics. Third, decomposition analyses expose a unique role for the math background in driving the Economics gender gap relative to other fields. Fourth, a triple difference analysis of a high school reform shows that an increase in the math content of traditionally low math curricula caused an increase in the Economics gender gap among treated students.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/250572
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14911
    Subjects: education gender gap; economics; higher education; business economics; major choice; major switching; mathematics; stereotypes
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Women in engineering
    the role of role models
    Author: Agurto Adrianzén, Marcos; Bazan, M.; Hari, S.; Sarangi, Sudipta
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Gender disparities in STEM fields participation are a major cause of concern for policymakers around the world. In addition to talent misallocation, low female enrollment rates in STEM careers contribute to gender-based inequalities in earnings and... more

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    Gender disparities in STEM fields participation are a major cause of concern for policymakers around the world. In addition to talent misallocation, low female enrollment rates in STEM careers contribute to gender-based inequalities in earnings and wealth, given the higher average level of earnings in these fields. This paper studies the effects of exposure to role models on female preferences for STEM majors. We conduct a randomized control trial where female senior students currently enrolled in engineering programs at an elite private university in Peru give talks about their experiences at randomly selected high schools. We find that exposure to this treatment increases high ability female students' preferences for engineering programs by 14 percentage points. The effect is only statistically significant for the subgroup of female students with baseline math scores in the top 25 percentile, and who reside close to the city where the role models' university is located. We also find positive but smaller effects on "low ability" male students. In a context where females are discouraged from enrolling in STEM fields, our results have important policy implications.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245916
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 975
    Subjects: Enrollment gender gap; field experiment; role models; Higher Education; career choices; stereotypes
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Gender stereotypes: the case of Mis. professores.com in Mexico
    Author: Arceo, Eva; Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo M.
    Published: enero 2019
    Publisher:  Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas A.C., Álvaro Obregón, Ciudad de México, México

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    hdl: 11651/2751
    Series: Array ; número 615
    Subjects: gender; stereotypes; big data; teaching evaluations; Mexico
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Biased teachers and gender gap in learning outcomes: evidence from India
    Author: Rakshit, Sonali; Sahoo, Soham
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate the effect of stereotypical beliefs of teachers on the learning outcomes of secondary school students in India. We measure teacher’s bias through an index capturing teacher’s subjective beliefs about the role of gender and other... more

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    We investigate the effect of stereotypical beliefs of teachers on the learning outcomes of secondary school students in India. We measure teacher’s bias through an index capturing teacher’s subjective beliefs about the role of gender and other characteristics in academic performance. We tackle the potential endogeneity of teacher’s subjective beliefs by controlling for teacher fixed effects in a value-added model that includes lagged test scores of students. We find that a standard deviation increase in the biased attitude of the math teacher increases the female disadvantage in math performance by 0.07 standard deviation over an academic year. The effect is stronger among medium-performing students and in classes where the majority of students are boys. The negative effect of biased teachers is statistically insignificant for female teachers who also reduce gender gap among medium-performing students. Mediation analysis shows that biased teachers negatively affect girls’ attitude towards math as compared to boys.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236336
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14305
    Subjects: learning outcomes; value-added model; gender; teachers; stereotypes; India
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen