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  1. An apophatic response to the evidential argument from evil
    Author: Brown, Joshua Matthan
    Published: [2017]

    I argue that Christian apophaticism provides the most powerful and economical response to the evidential argument from evil for the non-existence of God. I also reply to the objection that Christian apophaticism is incoherent, because it appears to... more

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    I argue that Christian apophaticism provides the most powerful and economical response to the evidential argument from evil for the non-existence of God. I also reply to the objection that Christian apophaticism is incoherent, because it appears to entail the truth of the following contradiction: it is both possible and impossible to know God’s essential properties. To meet this objection, I outline a coherent account of the divine attributes inspired by the theology of the Greek Father’s and St. Gregory Palamas.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: International journal of philosophy and theology; Abingdon : Taylor & Francis, 2013; 78(2017), 4/5, Seite 485-497

    Subjects: problem of evil; Apophatic theology; essence-energies distinction; real essentialism
  2. The concept of rationality in Andrew Gleeson’s antitheodicy
    Author: Wiertz, Oliver J.
    Published: [2017]

    Under an ‘antitheodicy’, I understand any attempt to show the principal impossibility of a morally respectable and rationally convincing theoretical answer to the theoretical problem of evil which is understood as a problem of consistency and... more

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    Under an ‘antitheodicy’, I understand any attempt to show the principal impossibility of a morally respectable and rationally convincing theoretical answer to the theoretical problem of evil which is understood as a problem of consistency and rational coherence between propositions. In this paper, I will analyse the concept of rationality which is presupposed at least in some strands of antitheodicy. A. Gleeson’s ‘A frightening love. Recasting the Problem of Evil’ presupposes a dichotomy between an engaged-existential and a detached-impersonal kind of philosophical thinking which are respectively characterized by a stress on authenticity and the acknowledgement of particularity and contingency in the first case and by precision, logic, provability and an instrumental understanding of rationality in the second case. The second kind of reasoning which underlies all theodicies is inapt for dealing adequately with the real problem of evil. I try to show that the dichotomy of impersonal objective and existentially subjective kinds of philosophy is not a contradictory one but leaves out a broad field in-between which can be characterized as ‘informal reasoning’ and which allows a morally sensitive answer to the theoretical problem of evil which is not isolated from the ‘real’ problem of evil.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: International journal of philosophy and theology; Abingdon : Taylor & Francis, 2013; 78(2017), 4/5, Seite 511-522

    Subjects: antitheodicy; problem of evil; analytic philosophy of religion; Gleeson; informal reasoning; philosophical method; Rationality
  3. Masao Abe and the Problem of Evil in Buddhism and Christianity
    Author: Lehe, Robert Tad
    Published: [2019]

    In his prolegomena to "The Problem of Evil in Christianity and Buddhism," Masao Abe compares how Christianity and Buddhism explain the conflict between good and evil, the absolute ethical imperative to do good and avoid evil, and the problem that... more

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    In his prolegomena to "The Problem of Evil in Christianity and Buddhism," Masao Abe compares how Christianity and Buddhism explain the conflict between good and evil, the absolute ethical imperative to do good and avoid evil, and the problem that human beings inevitably fail to comply with that imperative. Abe argues that Buddhism and Christianity agree on the absoluteness of the imperative, but that Buddhism's notions of the relativity and interdependence of good and evil and "absolute nothingness" beyond good and evil make intelligible, as Christianity does not, the necessity of evil, without undermining the ethical imperative to do good, and solve the problem of the failure to overcome the duality of good and evil at the ethical level. I explore advantages and disadvantage of the responses of Buddhism and Christianity to the problem of evil, according to Abe's analysis. I argue that Buddhism enjoys an advantage in dealing with the origin of evil and the conflict between good and evil without the burden of Christianity's problem of theodicy, but suffers a difficulty in explaining why commitment to the ethical imperative is a prerequisite to enlightenment. Christianity's identification of the good with God gives an advantage in explaining the relation between the ethical imperative and the religious ultimate, but encounters the problem of explaining the origin of evil.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: Buddhist Christian studies; Honolulu, Hawaii : Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1981; 39(2019), Seite 217-226; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: emptiness; good and evil; kenotic; nirvana; problem of evil; sunyata; theodicy
  4. The Problem of Evil in DC Universe Animated Movies, 2007-2016
    DC Multiverse, an Ironic Illustration of Leibniz’s Theodicy?
    Author: El-Khoury, Toufic Ishaya
    Published: [2017]

    This article explores the question of evil and its metaphysical and moral implications in a series of animated movie adaptations of the DC Universe produced since 2006.The contemporary evolution of the medium, called the “Iron Age of comics”, has... more

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    This article explores the question of evil and its metaphysical and moral implications in a series of animated movie adaptations of the DC Universe produced since 2006.The contemporary evolution of the medium, called the “Iron Age of comics”, has seen the auto-reflexive nature of comics produce problems and themes related to the main question discussed in Christian theodicy: how can we perceive and define the possibility of evil in a world where God’s omnipotence should have eliminated such a possibility? Moreover, why does evil seem to spread indefinitely in spite of all the efforts deployed by superheroes to stop evil? We will discuss the problem of evil as a natural narrative topic in light of comics’ mythological and religious roots and with a particular study case: DC Comics Multiverse as an illustration of Leibniz’s “best of all possible worlds” argument.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: Journal for religion, film and media; Graz : Institut f. Fundamentaltheologie, 2015; 3(2017), 1, Seite 59-74; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: animated movies; cinema; DC comics; Leibniz; problem of evil; theodicy
  5. Towards Affirmative Economic Theologies Responses to the Problem of Evil in Contemporary Italian Thought
    Author: Christiaens, Tim
    Published: [2020]

    The burgeoning field of economic theology constitutes primarily a critical device against the Nachleben of medieval providential theology in modern economic governance. Especially Agamben has highlighted the role of the notion of oikonomia in... more

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    The burgeoning field of economic theology constitutes primarily a critical device against the Nachleben of medieval providential theology in modern economic governance. Especially Agamben has highlighted the role of the notion of oikonomia in providential and modern economic thought to promote humble acceptance in light of the problem of evil. I show how economic theology can also be a vantage point for affirmative critique. I discuss Negri’s interpretation of the Book of Job and the Italian feminist appreciation of the Virgin Mary as responses to the problem of evil. Both emphasize the ineradicable potential for resistance to oikonomia in human life instead of merely lamenting humanity’s submission to God’s providential economy, like Agamben. For Negri, this potential is located in humankind’s capacity to protest against God-given evil and re-appropriate God’s potential for creating the world, while the feminists point toward the human ability to care for the vulnerable.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: Political theology; Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 1999; 21(2020), 7, Seite 634-649; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: Agamben; Cavarero; Economic theology; Italian thought; Negri; care ethics; problem of evil
  6. God’s Devils: Pragmatic Theodicy in Christian Responses to Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn’s Conquest of Jerusalem in 1187
    Author: Brewer, Keagan
    Published: 2021

    Abstract This paper considers Christian responses to the problem of evil following Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn’s conquest of Jerusalem. Among Catholics, Audita Tremendi offered the orthodox response that God was punishing Christian sin. However, the logical... more

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    Abstract This paper considers Christian responses to the problem of evil following Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn’s conquest of Jerusalem. Among Catholics, Audita Tremendi offered the orthodox response that God was punishing Christian sin. However, the logical conclusion of this view is that the Muslims were agents of God despite being “evil” for having captured Jerusalem from Christians. Twelfth-century theologians believed that God could use demons in the service of good. In response to 1187, while many Christians portrayed the Muslims as evil, some expressed that they were divine agents. Meanwhile, others murmured that Muslim gods (including, to some, Muḥammad) were superior to Christian ones; that the Christian god was apathetic, violent, or wicked; that the crusade of 1189–92 was against God’s will; and that crusaders were murderers. Thought-terminating clichés centring on the divine mysteries permitted the continuance of Christianity in the face of this profound theodical controversy.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: Medieval encounters; Leiden [u.a.] : Brill, 1995; 27(2021), 2, Seite 125-164; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: Christianity; theodicy; Third Crusade; Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn (Saladin); Kingdom of Jerusalem; problem of evil; 1187; Jerusalem
  7. Second-personal theodicy
    coming to know why God permits suffering by coming to know God himself
    Author: Balfour, Dylan
    Published: [2020]

    The popularity of theodicy over the past several decades has given rise to a countermovement, “anti-theodicy”, which admonishes attempts at theodicy for various reasons. This paper examines one prominent anti-theodical objection: that it is... more

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    The popularity of theodicy over the past several decades has given rise to a countermovement, “anti-theodicy”, which admonishes attempts at theodicy for various reasons. This paper examines one prominent anti-theodical objection: that it is hubristic, and attempts to form an approach to theodicy which evades this objection. To do so I draw from the work of Eleonore Stump, who provides a framework by which we can glean second-personal knowledge of God. From this knowledge, I argue that we can derive a theodicy which does not utilise the kind of analytic theorising anti-theodicists accuse of intellectual hubris.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: International journal for philosophy of religion; Dordrecht : Springer Nature B.V, 1970; 88(2020), 3, Seite 287-305; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: Job; Narrative; Non-propositional; Stump; Theodicy; Wright; problem of evil
  8. Is praying for the morally impermissible morally permissible?
    Author: Peterson, Daniel J.
    Published: [2014]

    Saul Smilansky has argued that, since acts of petitionary prayer are best understood as requests, not desires, there may be many more impermissible prayer acts than one might expect. I discuss Smilansky’s analysis and argue that his conclusion... more

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    Saul Smilansky has argued that, since acts of petitionary prayer are best understood as requests, not desires, there may be many more impermissible prayer acts than one might expect. I discuss Smilansky’s analysis and argue that his conclusion follows only for those who do not believe in an omnipotent, omniscient, and perfectly benevolent deity and take advantage of what Smilansky calls the theist’s ‘moral escape clause’. However, I take my argument to lead us to a variant of the problems of evil and petitionary prayer instead of a problem with Smilansky’s reasoning, requirng us to either abandon at least one of three properties commonly assigned to God or else to abandon an intuitive account of prayer that makes it morally impermissible to pray for morally impermissible ends.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: International journal of philosophy and theology; Abingdon : Taylor & Francis, 2013; 75(2014), 3, Seite 254-264

    Subjects: Saul Smilansky; philosophy of religion; prayer; problem of evil; problem of petitionary prayer
  9. On Necessary Gratuitous Evils
    Author: Almeida, Michael James
    Published: [2020]

    The standard position on moral perfection and gratuitous evil makes the prevention of gratuitous evil a necessary condition on moral perfection. I argue that, on any analysis of gratuitous evil we choose, the standard position on moral perfection and... more

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    The standard position on moral perfection and gratuitous evil makes the prevention of gratuitous evil a necessary condition on moral perfection. I argue that, on any analysis of gratuitous evil we choose, the standard position on moral perfection and gratuitous evil is false. It is metaphysically impossible to prevent every gratuitously evil state of affairs in every possible world. No matter what God does—no matter how many gratuitously evil states of affairs God prevents—it is necessarily true that God coexists with gratuitous evil in some world or other. Since gratuitous evil cannot be eliminated from metaphysical space, the existence of gratuitous evil presents no objection to essentially omnipotent, essentially omniscient, essentially morally perfect, and necessarily existing beings.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: European journal for philosophy of religion; Innsbruck : University of Innsbruck in cooperation with the John Hick Centre for Philosophy of Religion at the University of Birmingham, 2009; 12(2020), 3, Seite 117-135; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: evil; gratuitous; gratuitous evil; necessary; necessity of evil; problem of evil
  10. Not so vain after all
    Hannah Arendt’s reception of Ecclesiastes
    Author: Lasater, Phillip Michael
    Published: 2019

    Although Hannah Arendt only explicitly references the book of Ecclesiastes in order to contrast its views with her own, she and Qoheleth parallel each other on substantive issues. After showing how an influential translation of a key motif from... more

     

    Although Hannah Arendt only explicitly references the book of Ecclesiastes in order to contrast its views with her own, she and Qoheleth parallel each other on substantive issues. After showing how an influential translation of a key motif from Ecclesiastes led Arendt to misapprehend Qoheleth, this study unpacks their intellectual common ground on matters of affirming worldly life; the nature of action; and critical views of the human heart. Yet this third area which addresses human nature also highlights a divergence between them on how thinking relates to the problem of evil.

     
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    Parent title: Enthalten in: Journal of the bible and its reception; Berlin : De Gruyter, 2014; 6(2019), 2, Seite 163-196; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: action theory; agency; thinking; problem of evil
    Other subjects: Hannah Arendt