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  1. Why should we integrate income and employment support?
    a conceptual and empirical investigation
    Author: Asenjo, Antonia; Escudero, Verónica; Liepmann, Hannah
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    The integration of active labour market policies within income support schemes - such as unemployment insurance and social assistance - has been a key component of social protection in high-income countries since the 1990s, with a rich literature... more

    Access:
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    Location:
    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 709
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    The integration of active labour market policies within income support schemes - such as unemployment insurance and social assistance - has been a key component of social protection in high-income countries since the 1990s, with a rich literature reviewing its effects and implementation characteristics. More recently, this approach has spread beyond high-income economies, and is prominent today in many middle-income economies. Yet, despite the increasing adoption of integrated approaches, their conceptual and practical applications have not been studied in detail outside of high-income countries. This paper conceptualizes, for the first time, the implementation of integrated approaches, focusing on low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We first develop a conceptual framework to understand how integrated policies can address labour market challenges, exploring the theoretical effects they exert on selected labour market and social dimensions. We then contrast these theoretical expectations with findings from the empirical literature on the effectiveness of integrated approaches. While many empirical studies find positive effects across different labour market dimensions, this is evidently not always the case. To reconcile this discrepancy, we investigate the design and implementation of integrated approaches across LMIC and identify factors which contribute to their effectiveness.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789220374412; 9789220374429; 9789220374443; 9789220374436
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263133
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 72 (July 2022)
    Subjects: decent work; employment; informal employment; employment policy; employment creation; employment services; unemployment; conditions of employment; remuneration; low wages; social assistance; unemployment benefits; training; skills; lifelong learning; inequality; poverty; working poor; enterprise creation; household income; informal economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Employment and wage disparities between rural and urban areas
    Author: Ananian, Sévane; Dellaferrera, Giulia
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Statistical evidence from 58 countries shows that although people in rural areas are more likely to be in employment than those in urban ones, they also tend to have jobs that can put them at risk of experiencing inadequate labour protection as well... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 709
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    Statistical evidence from 58 countries shows that although people in rural areas are more likely to be in employment than those in urban ones, they also tend to have jobs that can put them at risk of experiencing inadequate labour protection as well as low pay. In particular, rural workers are paid, on average, 24 per cent less than their urban counterparts on an hourly basis, and only half of this gap can be explained by rural-urban discrepancies in education, job experience and occupational category. Developing countries exhibit a relatively wider gap, with the unexplained part also being larger. Furthermore, in many countries, certain groups of rural workers are at greater disadvantage, such as women, who, on average, appear to earn less than men in rural areas. However, institutional and regulatory frameworks, notably those that set minimum wages or seek to promote equal opportunities, can help to reduce labour market-related inequalities across the rural-urban divide.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789220404430; 9789220404447; 9789220404454; 9789220404461
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283544
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 107 (February 2024)
    Subjects: decent work; rural employment; rural workers; working conditions; remuneration; low wages; inequality; data analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen