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  1. Heuristics and public policy
    decision making under bounded rationality
    Author: Dhami, Sanjit S.; Al-Nowaihi, Ali; Sunstein, Cass R.
    Published: 18 June 2018
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

    How do human beings make decisions when, as the evidence indicates, the assumptions of the Bayesian rationality approach in economics do not hold? Do human beings optimize, or can they? Several decades of research have shown that people possess a... more

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    How do human beings make decisions when, as the evidence indicates, the assumptions of the Bayesian rationality approach in economics do not hold? Do human beings optimize, or can they? Several decades of research have shown that people possess a toolkit of heuristics to make decisions under certainty, risk, subjective uncertainty, and true uncertainty (or Knightian uncertainty). We outline recent advances in knowledge about the use of heuristics and departures from Bayesian rationality, with particular emphasis on growing formalization of those departures, which add necessary precision. We also explore the relationship between bounded rationality and libertarian paternalism, or nudges, and show that some recent objections, founded on psychological work on the usefulness of certain heuristics, are based on serious misunderstandings

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 963 (06/2018)
    Harvard Public Law Working Paper ; No. 19-04
    Subjects: Heuristics; biases; Bayesian rationality; ecological rationality; true uncertainty; libertarian paternalism
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Free to fail?
    paternalistic preferences in the united states
    Author: Bartling, Björn; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Hermes, Henning; Skivenes, Marit; Tungodden, Bertil
    Published: 21 May 2023
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP18156
    Subjects: paternalism; libertarian paternalism; welfarism; freedom to choose
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Free to fail?
    paternalistic preferences in the United States
    Author: Bartling, Björn; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Hermes, Henning; Skivenes, Marit; Tungodden, Bertil
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 11250/3068420
    Series: Discussion paper / NHH, Department of Economics ; SAM 2023, 09 (May 2023)
    Subjects: paternalism; libertarian paternalism; welfarism; freedom to choose
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Free to fail?
    paternalistic preferences in the United States
    Author: Bartling, Björn; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Hermes, Henning; Skivenes, Marit; Tungodden, Bertil
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study paternalistic preferences in two large-scale experiments with participants from the general population in the United States. Spectators decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, who is mistaken about the choice set, from making a... more

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    We study paternalistic preferences in two large-scale experiments with participants from the general population in the United States. Spectators decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, who is mistaken about the choice set, from making a choice that is not aligned with the stakeholders' own preferences. We find causal evidence for the nature of the intervention being of great importance for the spectators' willingness to intervene. Only a minority of the spectators implement a hard intervention that removes the stakeholder's freedom to choose, while a large majority implement a soft intervention that provides information without restricting the choice set. This finding holds regardless of the stakeholder's responsibility for being mistaken about the choice set - whether the source of mistake is internal or external - and in different subgroups of the population. We introduce a theoretical framework with two paternalistic types - libertarian paternalists and welfarists - and show that the two types can account for most of the spectator behavior. We estimate that about half of the spectators are welfarists and that about a third are libertarian paternalists. Our results shed light on attitudes toward paternalistic policies and the broad support for soft interventions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278849
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16151
    Subjects: paternalism; libertarian paternalism; welfarism; freedom to choose
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Free to fail?
    paternalistic preferences in the United States
    Author: Bartling, Björn; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Hermes, Henning; Skivenes, Marit; Tungodden, Bertil
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  University of Zurich, Department of Economics, Zurich

    We study paternalistic preferences in two large-scale experiments with participants from the general population in the United States. Spectators decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, who is mistaken about the choice set, from making a... more

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    We study paternalistic preferences in two large-scale experiments with participants from the general population in the United States. Spectators decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, who is mistaken about the choice set, from making a choice that is not aligned with the stakeholders' own preferences. We find causal evidence for the nature of the intervention being of great importance for the spectators' willingness to intervene. Only a minority of the spectators implement a hard intervention that removes the stakeholder's freedom to choose, while a large majority implement a soft intervention that provides information without restricting the choice set. This finding holds regardless of the stakeholder's responsibility for being mistaken about the choice set - whether the source of mistake is internal or external - and in different subgroups of the population. We introduce a theoretical framework with two paternalistic types - libertarian paternalists and welfarists - and show that the two types can account for most of the spectator behavior. We estimate that about half of the spectators are welfarists and that about a third are libertarian paternalists. Our results shed light on attitudes toward paternalistic policies and the broad support for soft interventions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/275656
    Series: Working paper series / University of Zurich, Department of Economics ; no. 436
    Subjects: paternalism; libertarian paternalism; welfarism; freedom to choose
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Free to fail?
    paternalistic preferences in the United States
    Author: Bartling, Björn; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Hermes, Henning; Skivenes, Marit; Tungodden, Bertil
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Düsseldorf, Germany

    We study paternalistic preferences in two large-scale experiments with participants from the general population in the United States. Spectators decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, who is mistaken about the choice set, from making a... more

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    We study paternalistic preferences in two large-scale experiments with participants from the general population in the United States. Spectators decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, who is mistaken about the choice set, from making a choice that is not aligned with the stakeholders' own preferences. We find causal evidence for the nature of the intervention being of great importance for the spectators' willingness to intervene. Only a minority of the spectators implement a hard intervention that removes the stakeholder's freedom to choose, while a large majority implement a soft intervention that provides information without restricting the choice set. This finding holds regardless of the stakeholder's responsibility for being mistaken about the choice set - whether the source of mistake is internal or external - and in different subgroups of the population. We introduce a theoretical framework with two paternalistic types - libertarian paternalists and welfarists - and show that the two types can account for most of the spectator behavior. We estimate that about half of the spectators are welfarists and that about a third are libertarian paternalists. Our results shed light on attitudes toward paternalistic policies and the broad support for soft interventions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783863043995
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/270955
    Series: Discussion paper / Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) ; no 400
    Subjects: paternalism; libertarian paternalism; welfarism; freedom to choose
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Free to fail?
    paternalistic preferences in the united states
    Author: Bartling, Björn; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Hermes, Henning; Skivenes, Marit; Tungodden, Bertil
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of the French State aid plan for broadband deployment, the Plan France Très Haut Débit. According to State aid rules, public subsidies should not be substitute for private investment and should target areas... more

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    In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of the French State aid plan for broadband deployment, the Plan France Très Haut Débit. According to State aid rules, public subsidies should not be substitute for private investment and should target areas with market failures. We estimate a structural model of fiber entry using a rich dataset on fiber deployment for more than 34,000 municipalities in mainland France over 2014-2019. We then assess whether private investment would have occurred in subsidized municipalities in the absence of public subsidies. We find that between 64% and 93% of the time, public subsidies were granted to municipalities where private entry would not have occurred. Overall, we estimate the cost of "inefficient" public subsidies to be between 243 and 902 million euros, with total subsidies amounting to 2,203 million euros by the end of 2019. Finally, we find that the plan helped to increase fiber coverage in subsidized municipalities in the early stages of fiber deployment.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/279190
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10441 (2023)
    Subjects: paternalism; libertarian paternalism; welfarism; freedom to choose
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Free to fail?
    paternalistic preferences in the United States
    Author: Bartling, Björn; Cappelen, Alexander W; Hermes, Henning; Skivenes, Marit; Tungodden, Bertil
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Düsseldorf, Germany

    We study paternalistic preferences in two large-scale experiments with participants from the general population in the United States. Spectators decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, who is mistaken about the choice set, from making a... more

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    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf
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    We study paternalistic preferences in two large-scale experiments with participants from the general population in the United States. Spectators decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, who is mistaken about the choice set, from making a choice that is not aligned with the stakeholders' own preferences. We find causal evidence for the nature of the intervention being of great importance for the spectators' willingness to intervene. Only a minority of the spectators implement a hard intervention that removes the stakeholder's freedom to choose, while a large majority implement a soft intervention that provides information without restricting the choice set. This finding holds regardless of the stakeholder's responsibility for being mistaken about the choice set - whether the source of mistake is internal or external - and in different subgroups of the population. We introduce a theoretical framework with two paternalistic types - libertarian paternalists and welfarists - and show that the two types can account for most of the spectator behavior. We estimate that about half of the spectators are welfarists and that about a third are libertarian paternalists. Our results shed light on attitudes toward paternalistic policies and the broad support for soft interventions

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Discussion paper / Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) ; no 400
    Subjects: paternalism; libertarian paternalism; welfarism; freedom to choose
    Scope: 56 Seiten, Diagramme
  9. Nudging im Unternehmen in Bezug auf das Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsverhalten von Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Corona-Pandemie
    Author: Lorbach, Anja
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Sankt Augustin, Germany

    Nudging stellt eine Methode zur positiven Verhaltensbeeinflussung unserer Mitmenschen dar. Mit diesem Instrument kann das Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsverhalten von Arbeitnehmern gestärkt werden. Allerdings findet sie trotz intensiver Forschung... more

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    DS 806
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    Nudging stellt eine Methode zur positiven Verhaltensbeeinflussung unserer Mitmenschen dar. Mit diesem Instrument kann das Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsverhalten von Arbeitnehmern gestärkt werden. Allerdings findet sie trotz intensiver Forschung bislang wenig Anwendung im betrieblichen Kontext. Daher lautet die Forschungsfrage dieser Arbeit: "Wie lässt sich Nudging seitens der Unternehmen als Präventionsmaßnahme während der Corona-Pandemie einsetzen?". Mit der Übertragung von Nudging in der Arbeitswelt auf die derzeitigen Herausforderungen der aktuellen Corona-Pandemie leistet diese Arbeit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entwicklung neuer Präventionsmaßnahmen in Unternehmen. In der Arbeit konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Entwicklung von Nudges im Unternehmen unter Einbeziehung der Mitarbeiter in einem proaktiven und partizipativen Prozess stattfinden sollte. Mithilfe eines solchen Prozesses werden Gründe für das mögliche Fehlverhalten der Arbeitnehmer analysiert. Anschließend sollten Nudging-Techniken eingesetzt werden, die genau an diesen Punkten anknüpfen – am Fehlverhalten der Menschen. Über den partizipativen Nudging-Prozess wird die Akzeptanz der Arbeitnehmer im Hinblick auf etwaige Maßnahmen gefördert. Es wird am reflektierten Entscheidungssystem der Arbeitnehmer angesetzt. Unter Berücksichtigung der Corona-Pandemie sollte im betrieblichen Kontext zur Förderung des Sicherheitsverhaltens besonders auf den Wirkmechanismus "Norms" gesetzt werden. Im Home-Office eignen sich aufgrund der Distanz zu den Arbeitnehmern Nudges mit technischer Natur, wie z.B. automatisierte Anmeldungen zu Maßnahmen des Gesundheitsmanagements. Hier greift der Wirkmechanismus "Defaults". Diese Bachelorarbeit wurde als theoretische Arbeit auf Grundlage einer Literaturrecherche verfasst. Nudging is a method to positively influence the behaviour of our fellow human beings. Due to this instrument, the safety and health behaviour of employees can be strengthened. However, despite intensive general research in this area, it has so far found little application in the business sector. Therefore, the research question of this thesis is "How can nudging be used by companies as a preventive measure during the corona pandemic?" By referring nudging to the world of work to the current challenges of the corona pandemic, this paper makes an important contribution to the development of new prevention measures in companies. It was found out that the development of nudges in companies should take place in a proactive and participatory process by involving the employees. Based on such a process, the reasons for the employees' misbehaviour can be analysed and nudging techniques deployed according to the reasons for the misbehaviour. The participatory nudging process promotes acceptance of possible prevention measures. It is based on the employees' reflective decision-making system. With regard to the pandemic, special emphasis should be placed on the nudging-mechanism "norms" to promote the safety behaviour in companies. In the home office, due to the distance to the employees, technical nudges, such as automated registration for health management measures, are suitable. In this case, the nudging-mechanism "defaults" is warranted. This bachelor thesis was written as a theoretical paper based on a literature research.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783960430902
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251531
    Series: Social policy in demand ; 2021, 02 (March)
    Subjects: Arbeitspsychologie; Arbeitswelt; Corona-Pandemie; Nudging; Prävention; libertärer Paternalismus Nudging; corona-pandemic; libertarian paternalism; prevention; work-place psychology; working environment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten)