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Displaying results 1 to 14 of 14.

  1. Competition and firm recovery post-COVID-19
    Author: Bruhn, Miriam; Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli; Singer, Dorothe
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Center for Global Development, Washington, DC

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Working paper / Center for Global Development ; 633 (March 2023)
    Subjects: Creative destruction; productivity; competition; firms; COVID-19; government support; Europe and CentralAsia (ECA)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Designing fossil fuel subsidy reforms in OECD and G20 countries
    a robust sequential approach methodology
    Author: Elgouacem, Assia
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  OECD, Paris, France

    Reform of support for fossil fuels is often identified as a priority for a country’s fiscal consolidation efforts and for climate action to align financial flows with low-carbon pathways. Its implementation, however, remains elusive for many... more

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    Reform of support for fossil fuels is often identified as a priority for a country’s fiscal consolidation efforts and for climate action to align financial flows with low-carbon pathways. Its implementation, however, remains elusive for many countries as they face seemingly irreconcilable policy agendas of economic growth and sustainability coupled with potential political backlash against austerity and rising costs. This paper provides a sequential approach that may assist in providing support for the analysis to a well-informed reform process. Deploying the suggested tools can help policy makers to identify the most distorting government support measures and alternative or complementary policies that deliver the sought-after objectives more efficiently and effectively. The work presented here draws on the OECD’s longstanding experience and tradition in measuring and tracking support measures for fossil fuels, primarily in its Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels (Inventory hereafter) and accompanying reports.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD environment working papers ; no. 168
    Subjects: Subsidies; fossil fuels; energy; reform; government support; fossil fuel subsidies; oil; gas; coal; fossil fuel subsidy reform; tax incentives; tax expenditures; ; Environment; Taxation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Italy
    2021 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Italy
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    The pandemic dealt a severe blow to the Italian people and their economy. GDP fell by nearly 9 percent in 2020, with much larger drops for contact-intensive services. Public and corporate debt increased strongly and preexisting vulnerabilities have... more

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    The pandemic dealt a severe blow to the Italian people and their economy. GDP fell by nearly 9 percent in 2020, with much larger drops for contact-intensive services. Public and corporate debt increased strongly and preexisting vulnerabilities have likely worsened. The government is prioritizing resolving the health emergency and transforming the economy to lift productivity, improve social outcomes and strengthen resilience to future shocks and structural change. The large National Recovery and Resilience Plan-partly financed by sizable Next Generation EU resources-will be used to increase physical and social infrastructure. Outlook. GDP is expected to recover strongly in 2021-22 and to grow well-above trend over the medium term, supported by investment spending. Nonetheless, economic scarring could be sizable. The two-sided risks relate to how the pandemic progresses, the efficiency of investment spending and the extent of savings drawdown, with large costs associated with the downside

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513573083
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    Series: IMF country reports ; 21, 101
    Subjects: balance sheet repair; government support; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; money market rate; banks' capitalization; COVID-19; Loans; Income; Fiscal stance; Global; Europe; International Agreements; International Organizations; Monetary Policy; Observance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and policy support on productivity
    a report of the ESCB Expert Group on productivity, innovation and technological change
    Author: Anastasatu, Marianthē; Anyfantaki, Sofia; Benkovskis, Konstantins; Bergeaud, Antonin; Bun, Maurice; Bunel, Simon; Colciago, Andrea; De Mulder, Jan; Fantino, Davide; González López-Valcárcel, Beatriz; Havel, Jiri; Jarvis, Valerie; Khametshin, Dmitry; Kolaiti, Tetie; Krasnopjorovs, Olegs; Lebastard, Laura; López-García, Paloma; Martins, Fernando; Meinen, Philipp; Meriküll, Jaanika; Parker, Miles; Raos, Josip; Serafini, Roberta; Šelebaj, Domagoj; Szörfi, Béla; Vaňko, Milan; Vanhala, Juuso; Volk, Matjaz
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper studies the short-term and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for productivity in Europe. Aggregate and sectoral evidence is complemented by firm-level data-based findings obtained from a large microdistributed exercise.... more

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    This paper studies the short-term and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for productivity in Europe. Aggregate and sectoral evidence is complemented by firm-level data-based findings obtained from a large microdistributed exercise. Productivity trends during the COVID-19 pandemic differed from past trends. Labour productivity per hour worked temporarily increased, while productivity per employee declined across sectors given the widespread use of job retention schemes. The extensive margin of productivity growth was muted to some degree by the policy support granted to firms. Firm entries declined while firm exits increased much less than during previous crises. The pandemic had a significant impact on the intensive margin of productivity growth and led to a temporary drop in within-firm productivity per employee and increased reallocation. Job reallocation was productivity-enhancing but subdued compared to the Great Recession. As confirmed by a granular data analysis of the distribution of employment subsidies and loan guarantees and moratoria, job reallocation and also debt distribution and "zombie firm" prevalence were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 policy support. The pandemic and related lockdowns accelerated changes in consumer preferences and working habits with potential long-term effects. Generous government support muted the surge in unemployment and reduced permanent scarring effects.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Contributor: Lalinsky, Tibor (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289964098
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    Series: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; No 341
    Subjects: labour productivity; productivity-enhancing reallocation; COVID-19,adjustment of firms; government support; cross-country analysis; micro-distributedexercise; Europe
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 105 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. State-owned enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia
    size, costs, and challenges
    Author: Akin Olugbade, Oluremi; Anderson, Gareth; Atamanchuk, Maria; Bukhari, Hatim; Ioannou, Iacovos; Kale, Deeksha; Kass-Hanna, Tannous; Queyranne, Maximilien; Shi, Wei; Wong, Joyce Cheng
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Publication Services, Washington, DC, U.S.A.

    Prior to the COVID-19 shock, the key challenge facing policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region was how to generate strong, sustainable, job-rich, inclusive growth. Post-COVID-19, this challenge has only grown given the... more

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    Prior to the COVID-19 shock, the key challenge facing policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region was how to generate strong, sustainable, job-rich, inclusive growth. Post-COVID-19, this challenge has only grown given the additional reduction in fiscal space due to the crisis and the increased need to support the recovery. The sizable state-owned enterprise (SOE) footprint in the region, together with its cost to the government, call for revisiting the SOE sector to help open fiscal space and look for growth opportunities

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Contributor: Ramirez Rigo, Ernesto (HerausgeberIn); Richmond, Christine (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Departmental paper / International Monetary Fund ; DP/2021, 019
    Subjects: State-owned enterprises; corporate governance; fiscal risks; Middle East; Central Asia; COVID-19; SOE footprint; government support; SOE definition; SOE mandate; SOE sector; SOE governance; Public enterprises; Public sector; North Africa; Middle East and Central Asia; Global; Corporate Finance and Governance; Health; National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 152 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Rwanda
    2021 Article IV consultation and fifth review under the policy coordination instrument : press release; and statement by the Executive Director for Rwanda
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9781616359287
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    Series: IMF country report ; no. 22, 7
    Subjects: national bank of Rwanda; government support; Rwandan authorities; IMF TA mission; authorities' agenda; COVID-19; Debt sustainability analysis; Fiscal risks; Global; Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 122 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. State-owned enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia
    size, costs, and challenges
    Author: Akin Olugbade, Oluremi; Anderson, Gareth; Atamanchuk, Maria; Bukhari, Hatim; Ioannou, Iacovos; Kale, Deeksha; Kass-Hanna, Tannous; Queyranne, Maximilien; Shi, Wei; Wong, Joyce Cheng
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Publication Services, Washington, DC, U.S.A.

    Prior to the COVID-19 shock, the key challenge facing policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region was how to generate strong, sustainable, job-rich, inclusive growth. Post-COVID-19, this challenge has only grown given the... more

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    Prior to the COVID-19 shock, the key challenge facing policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region was how to generate strong, sustainable, job-rich, inclusive growth. Post-COVID-19, this challenge has only grown given the additional reduction in fiscal space due to the crisis and the increased need to support the recovery. The sizable state-owned enterprise (SOE) footprint in the region, together with its cost to the government, call for revisiting the SOE sector to help open fiscal space and look for growth opportunities

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Contributor: Ramirez Rigo, Ernesto (HerausgeberIn); Richmond, Christine (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Departmental paper / International Monetary Fund ; DP/2021, 019
    Subjects: State-owned enterprises; corporate governance; fiscal risks; Middle East; Central Asia; COVID-19; SOE footprint; government support; SOE definition; SOE mandate; SOE sector; SOE governance; Public enterprises; Public sector; North Africa; Middle East and Central Asia; Global; Corporate Finance and Governance; Health; National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 152 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Covid-19 pandemic, state aid and firm productivity
    Author: Bighelli, Tommaso; Lalinsky, Tibor; Vanhala, Juuso
    Published: 14 January 2022
    Publisher:  Bank of Finland, Helsinki

    We study the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity by matching firm performance outcomes with corresponding firm-level information on government support. Our cross-country evidence for five EU countries shows that the pandemic led to... more

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    We study the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity by matching firm performance outcomes with corresponding firm-level information on government support. Our cross-country evidence for five EU countries shows that the pandemic led to a significant short-term decline in productivity predominantly driven by the within-firm growth component. A thorough comparative analysis of the distribution of employment and overall direct subsidies, considering separately also relative firm-level support and the probability of being supported, reveals several common characteristics. In general, the pandemic support was distributed rather efficiently, i.e. towards "deserving" firms and only marginally towards "zombie" and non-viable firms. However, government subsidies appear to have had a limited effect on aggregate productivity developments.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789523233959
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    hdl: 10419/249597
    Series: Bank of Finland research discussion papers ; 2022, 1
    Subjects: Covid-19; productivity; firm-level data; government support; employment subsidies; cross-country analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Rwanda
    2021 Article IV consultation and fifth review under the policy coordination instrument : press release; and statement by the Executive Director for Rwanda
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781616359287
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    Series: IMF country report ; no. 22, 7
    Subjects: national bank of Rwanda; government support; Rwandan authorities; IMF TA mission; authorities' agenda; COVID-19; Debt sustainability analysis; Fiscal risks; Global; Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 122 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. COVID-19 and corporate finance
    Author: Pagano, Marco; Zechner, Josef
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  CSEF, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance, Department of Economics, University of Naples, Naples, Italy

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Working paper / CSEF, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance ; no. 651
    Subjects: COVID-19; pandemic; firm resilience; social distancing; financial flexibility; corporateculture; credit supply; leverage; government support; public loan guarantees; Paycheck ProtectionProgram
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. COVID-19 in Central America
    effects of firm resilience and policy responses on employment
    Author: Olvera, Beatriz Calzada; Gonzalez-Sauri, Mario; Louvin, Federico; Moya, David-Alexander Harings
    Published: November 2021
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    With data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, this paper examines how firm-level resilience capabilities interact with government support in the reduction of lay-offs among formal firms in Central America. We estimate two latent variables to... more

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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    With data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, this paper examines how firm-level resilience capabilities interact with government support in the reduction of lay-offs among formal firms in Central America. We estimate two latent variables to approximate resilience-related capabilities before (static) and after (dynamic) the COVID-19 pandemic. We create four counterfactual groups using a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation to assess which resilience capabilities help firms cope better, with and without government support. We find that support policies play a marginal role among most groups, except in the dynamic resilient group, where receiving government support does shrink the probability of lay-offs.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    ISBN: 9789292671068
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    hdl: 10419/248380
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 166
    Subjects: capabilities; resilience; COVID-19; Central America; government support
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Italy
    2021 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Italy
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    The pandemic dealt a severe blow to the Italian people and their economy. GDP fell by nearly 9 percent in 2020, with much larger drops for contact-intensive services. Public and corporate debt increased strongly and preexisting vulnerabilities have... more

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    The pandemic dealt a severe blow to the Italian people and their economy. GDP fell by nearly 9 percent in 2020, with much larger drops for contact-intensive services. Public and corporate debt increased strongly and preexisting vulnerabilities have likely worsened. The government is prioritizing resolving the health emergency and transforming the economy to lift productivity, improve social outcomes and strengthen resilience to future shocks and structural change. The large National Recovery and Resilience Plan-partly financed by sizable Next Generation EU resources-will be used to increase physical and social infrastructure. Outlook. GDP is expected to recover strongly in 2021-22 and to grow well-above trend over the medium term, supported by investment spending. Nonetheless, economic scarring could be sizable. The two-sided risks relate to how the pandemic progresses, the efficiency of investment spending and the extent of savings drawdown, with large costs associated with the downside

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513573083
    Other identifier:
    Series: IMF country reports ; 21, 101
    Subjects: balance sheet repair; government support; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; money market rate; banks' capitalization; COVID-19; Loans; Income; Fiscal stance; Global; Europe; International Agreements; International Organizations; Monetary Policy; Observance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Designing fossil fuel subsidy reforms in OECD and G20 countries
    a robust sequential approach methodology
    Author: Elgouacem, Assia
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  OECD, Paris, France

    Reform of support for fossil fuels is often identified as a priority for a country’s fiscal consolidation efforts and for climate action to align financial flows with low-carbon pathways. Its implementation, however, remains elusive for many... more

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    Reform of support for fossil fuels is often identified as a priority for a country’s fiscal consolidation efforts and for climate action to align financial flows with low-carbon pathways. Its implementation, however, remains elusive for many countries as they face seemingly irreconcilable policy agendas of economic growth and sustainability coupled with potential political backlash against austerity and rising costs. This paper provides a sequential approach that may assist in providing support for the analysis to a well-informed reform process. Deploying the suggested tools can help policy makers to identify the most distorting government support measures and alternative or complementary policies that deliver the sought-after objectives more efficiently and effectively. The work presented here draws on the OECD’s longstanding experience and tradition in measuring and tracking support measures for fossil fuels, primarily in its Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels (Inventory hereafter) and accompanying reports.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: OECD environment working papers ; no. 168
    Subjects: Subsidies; fossil fuels; energy; reform; government support; fossil fuel subsidies; oil; gas; coal; fossil fuel subsidy reform; tax incentives; tax expenditures; ; Environment; Taxation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and policy support on productivity
    a report of the ESCB Expert Group on productivity, innovation and technological change
    Author: Anastasatu, Marianthē; Anyfantaki, Sofia; Benkovskis, Konstantins; Bergeaud, Antonin; Bun, Maurice; Bunel, Simon; Colciago, Andrea; De Mulder, Jan; Fantino, Davide; González López-Valcárcel, Beatriz; Havel, Jiri; Jarvis, Valerie; Khametshin, Dmitry; Kolaiti, Tetie; Krasnopjorovs, Olegs; Lebastard, Laura; López-García, Paloma; Martins, Fernando; Meinen, Philipp; Meriküll, Jaanika; Parker, Miles; Raos, Josip; Serafini, Roberta; Šelebaj, Domagoj; Szörfi, Béla; Vaňko, Milan; Vanhala, Juuso; Volk, Matjaz
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper studies the short-term and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for productivity in Europe. Aggregate and sectoral evidence is complemented by firm-level data-based findings obtained from a large microdistributed exercise.... more

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    This paper studies the short-term and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for productivity in Europe. Aggregate and sectoral evidence is complemented by firm-level data-based findings obtained from a large microdistributed exercise. Productivity trends during the COVID-19 pandemic differed from past trends. Labour productivity per hour worked temporarily increased, while productivity per employee declined across sectors given the widespread use of job retention schemes. The extensive margin of productivity growth was muted to some degree by the policy support granted to firms. Firm entries declined while firm exits increased much less than during previous crises. The pandemic had a significant impact on the intensive margin of productivity growth and led to a temporary drop in within-firm productivity per employee and increased reallocation. Job reallocation was productivity-enhancing but subdued compared to the Great Recession. As confirmed by a granular data analysis of the distribution of employment subsidies and loan guarantees and moratoria, job reallocation and also debt distribution and "zombie firm" prevalence were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 policy support. The pandemic and related lockdowns accelerated changes in consumer preferences and working habits with potential long-term effects. Generous government support muted the surge in unemployment and reduced permanent scarring effects.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Contributor: Lalinsky, Tibor (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289964098
    Other identifier:
    Series: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; No 341
    Subjects: labour productivity; productivity-enhancing reallocation; COVID-19,adjustment of firms; government support; cross-country analysis; micro-distributedexercise; Europe
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 105 Seiten), Illustrationen