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Displaying results 1 to 12 of 12.

  1. Transformation der Gasinfrastruktur zum Klimaschutz
    Abschlussbericht

    Mit der Revision des Klimaschutzgesetzes im Jahr 2021 hat sich Deutschland u. a. verbindlich das langfristige Ziel gesetzt, bis zum Jahr 2045 treibhausgasneutral zu werden. Dies bedeutet, dass die Nutzung von fossilen Energieträgern vollständig zu... more

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    Mit der Revision des Klimaschutzgesetzes im Jahr 2021 hat sich Deutschland u. a. verbindlich das langfristige Ziel gesetzt, bis zum Jahr 2045 treibhausgasneutral zu werden. Dies bedeutet, dass die Nutzung von fossilen Energieträgern vollständig zu vermeiden ist, insbesondere durch ein Ausschöpfen von Energieeffizienzpotenzialen und einen vollständigen Umstieg auf erneuerbare Energiequellen. Diesbezüglich hat sich ein weitgehender Konsens entwickelt, dass eine THG-neutrale Energieversorgung, selbst im Fall von einem hohen Maß an Elektrifizierung, Effizienz, Flexibilität, Speicherung und Sektorkopplung, ergänzend auf THG-neutrale gasförmige Energieträger angewiesen sein wird. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, ob bezüglich der Nutzung von erneuerbaren Gasen bestimmte Pfade zu bevorzugen sind und wie das Ausphasen von fossilem Erdgas und die künftige Nutzung erneuerbarer Gase gestaltet werden kann. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in dieser Studie die Gasinfrastruktur und ihre Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten im Rahmen der Energie- und Klimaschutzziele der Bundesregierung beleuchtet sowie strategische Leitplanken für erforderliche infrastrukturelle Weichenstellungen für gasförmige Energieträger entwickelt. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, in kompakter Form einen Eindruck des Übergangs von Erdgas- zur Wasserstoffinfrastrukturen zu vermitteln. Dabei werden die wesentlichen Meilensteine, Hemmnisse, regulatorischen und technischen Anpassungsbedarfe im Verlauf des Transformationspfades dargestellt, unter Berücksichtigung der Anwendungsbreite von Wasserstoff und des Zeitpunkts des aufkommenden Wasserstoffbedarfs. With the revision of the Climate Protection Act in 2021, Germany has, among other things, set the binding long-term target of becoming greenhouse gas neutral by 2045. This means that the use of fossil fuels is to be completely avoided, in particular by exploiting energy efficiency potentials and a complete switch to renewable energy sources. In this respect, a broad consensus has developed that a GHG-neutral energy supply, even in the case of a high degree of electrification, efficiency, flexibility, storage and sector coupling, will additionally rely on GHG-neutral gaseous energy carriers. The question therefore arises whether certain paths with regard to the use of renewable gases are preferable and how the phasing out of fossil natural gas and the future use of renewable gases can be shaped. Against this background, this study examines the gas infrastructure and the options for its development within the framework of the German government's energy and climate protection targets, and develops strategic guidelines for the necessary infrastructural course-setting for gaseous energy carriers. The aim of this study is to give an overview of the trasnformation from natural gas to hydrogen infrastructures in a compact form. In doing so, the main milestones, obstacles, regulatory and technical adaptation requirements in the course of the transformation pathway are presented, taking into account the application range of hydrogen and the timing of the arising hydrogen demand.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Purr, Katja (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Climate change / Umweltbundesamt ; 2023, 09
    Ressortforschungsplan des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz
    Subjects: Klimaschutz; gas; Wasserstoff; Gasnetz
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (293 Seiten, 10,65 MB), Diagramme
    Notes:

    Abschlussdatum: Oktober 2022

    Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 233-252

  2. The many channels of firm's adjustment to energy shocks
    evidence from France
    Published: July 2023
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Based on firm level data in the French manufacturing sector, we find that firms adapt quickly, strongly and through multiple channels to energy shocks, even though electricity and gas bills represent a very small share of their total costs. Over the... more

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    Based on firm level data in the French manufacturing sector, we find that firms adapt quickly, strongly and through multiple channels to energy shocks, even though electricity and gas bills represent a very small share of their total costs. Over the period 1996-2019, faced with an idiosyncratic energy price increase, firms reduce their energy demand, improve their energy efficiency, increase intermediate inputs imports and optimize energy use across plants. Firms are also able to pass-through the cost shock fully on their export prices. Their production, exports and employment fall. A consequence of these multiple adjustment mechanisms is that the fall in profits is either non-significant, small or specific to only the most energy intensive firms. We also find that the impact of electricity shocks has weakened over time, suggesting that only firms able to adapt their production process to energy cost shocks have survived. Importantly, when faced with large electricity and gas price increases, firms are less able to reduce their consumption. These results shed light on the mechanisms of resilience of the European manufacturing sector in the context of the present energy crisis.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/279298
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10548 (2023)
    Subjects: energy crisis; employment; production; competitiveness; electricity; gas
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. How the IMF and World bank caused a resource curse and civil war in Mozambique
    Published: November 2022
    Publisher:  Department of International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK

    Mozambique's 3 rd civil war is now in its 5th year in Cabo Delgado province, in the northeast of the country. More than 4300 people have died and nearly one million people have been displaced, more than one third the population of the province. One... more

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    Mozambique's 3 rd civil war is now in its 5th year in Cabo Delgado province, in the northeast of the country. More than 4300 people have died and nearly one million people have been displaced, more than one third the population of the province. One of the largest investment projects in Africa has been halted by the war. President Filipe Nyusi blames unnamed foreign "evil forces". The United States blames Islamic State. But many researchers say the war is a local response to a resource curse - poverty and inequality have grown and local people are not benefitting from a promised natural resource "El Dorado". Only foreign companies and some members of the Mozambican elite appear to have gained. This, in turn, derived from "shock therapy" which was imposed on Mozambique at the end of the Cold War, with the goal of rapidly turning the "communist" elite into a capitalist elite. This created the local oligarchs who control access to the mineral and gas resources of Cabo Delgado, and do not share the wealth. Local people have now rebelled.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/284265
    Series: Working paper series / International Development, LSE ; no. 209 (22)
    Subjects: Mozambique; Cabo Delgado; gas; ruby; shock therapy; oligarch; inequality; corruption; World Bank; IMF; post-Cold War
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
  4. Coal, oil and gas going into extra time
    the narrative of abated fossil fuels threatens to undermine the Paris climate targets
    Published: [November 2023]
    Publisher:  SWP, Berlin

    The upcoming United Nations Climate Change Conference in Dubai (COP28) will see a new round of battle regarding the call to phase out fossil fuels. Intense debates have taken place in Germany and the European Union (EU) to determine positions in the... more

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    The upcoming United Nations Climate Change Conference in Dubai (COP28) will see a new round of battle regarding the call to phase out fossil fuels. Intense debates have taken place in Germany and the European Union (EU) to determine positions in the run-up to the conference. The main point of contention is whether to call for a complete global phase-out of all fossil fuels or only for a phase-down of their unabated use, that is, without additional abatement measures such as carbon capture and stor­age (CCS). The role of abated fossil fuels in a net-zero economy is very controversial. In the long run, it will depend on several factors, including the effective deployment and scale-up of CCS, the capture rates achieved therein and the availability of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies to address residual emissions. CCS is unlikely to make a significant contribution to urgently needed greenhouse gas reductions in the power sector by 2030. Whether the decision in Dubai will deliver a credible signal to rapidly reduce fossil fuel emissions depends in no small part on a precise, science-based definition of the scale of emission reductions required for fossil fuels to be considered as abated in line with the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement.

     

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/281027
    Series: SWP comment ; 2023, no. 54 (November 2023)
    Subjects: Umweltpolitik; Internationale Kooperation; Zielvorstellung; Fossiler Brennstoff; Emissionsverringerung; United Nations Climate Change Conference in Dubai 2023 (COP28); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); global CO2 emissions; net zero; climate crisis; European Union (EU); Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS); Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR); UNFCCC; coal; oil; gas; Global Stocktake (GST)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (7 Seiten)
    Notes:

    "English version of SWP-Aktuell 57/2023"

    Gesehen am 28.11.2023

  5. Designing fossil fuel subsidy reforms in OECD and G20 countries
    a robust sequential approach methodology
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  OECD, Paris, France

    Reform of support for fossil fuels is often identified as a priority for a country’s fiscal consolidation efforts and for climate action to align financial flows with low-carbon pathways. Its implementation, however, remains elusive for many... more

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    Reform of support for fossil fuels is often identified as a priority for a country’s fiscal consolidation efforts and for climate action to align financial flows with low-carbon pathways. Its implementation, however, remains elusive for many countries as they face seemingly irreconcilable policy agendas of economic growth and sustainability coupled with potential political backlash against austerity and rising costs. This paper provides a sequential approach that may assist in providing support for the analysis to a well-informed reform process. Deploying the suggested tools can help policy makers to identify the most distorting government support measures and alternative or complementary policies that deliver the sought-after objectives more efficiently and effectively. The work presented here draws on the OECD’s longstanding experience and tradition in measuring and tracking support measures for fossil fuels, primarily in its Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels (Inventory hereafter) and accompanying reports.

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
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    Series: OECD environment working papers ; no. 168
    Subjects: Subsidies; fossil fuels; energy; reform; government support; fossil fuel subsidies; oil; gas; coal; fossil fuel subsidy reform; tax incentives; tax expenditures; ; Environment; Taxation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Global energy subsidies
    an analytical taxonomy
    Published: [2016]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics and Finance, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario

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    Series: Discussion paper / Department of Economics and Finance University of Guelph ; 2016-09
    Subjects: Subsidies; energy; oil; gas; externalities; fiscal policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Energy security in the Baltic Sea Region
    transition within geopolitical constraints
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  DIIS - Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen, Denmark

    The Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022 shook continental geopolitics and led to a major shift in EU energy policy. The necessary speed of the combined diversification away from the Russian energy sources, fossil fuel phase-out and mass... more

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    The Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022 shook continental geopolitics and led to a major shift in EU energy policy. The necessary speed of the combined diversification away from the Russian energy sources, fossil fuel phase-out and mass scale-up of low-carbon energy and technologies are having a tremendous impact on European national economies and societies. The Baltic Sea Region is no exception. Baltic Sea energy politics currently paints a complicated picture of competing pipeline projects, sprouting new LNG terminals, plans to build nuclear power infrastructure, a race to develop new energy technologies and to increase the interconnectedness, and digitalisation of the electricity grids. These developments will transform the regional energy landscape for decades to come and have important security implications. This DIIS Report provides a comprehensive overview of the energy security situation in the Baltic Sea Region, zooming in on eight country cases (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Germany). By locating the national energy policies in a historical context that shaped choices of energy infrastructure and technology, the analysis investigates how the energy policy and energy mix of each country was affected by cutting the energy ties with the Kremlin following the outbreak of war in 2022.

     

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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9788772360959
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    hdl: 10419/272807
    Series: DIIS report ; 2022, 08
    Subjects: energy crisis; infrastructure; power; energy; gas; nuclear; wind; hydro; carbon; pipelines; geopolitics; fossil fuel; low carbon energy; energy sector; technology; LNG; Nord Stream; Denmark; Sweden; Finland; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Poland; Germany; Russia; Ukraine; EU
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Capturing economic and social value from hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting
    solutions and actions
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This second paper on hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting builds on our first, which evaluated the economic and social cost (SCAR) of wasted natural gas. These emissions must be reduced urgently for natural gas to meet its potential as an... more

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    This second paper on hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting builds on our first, which evaluated the economic and social cost (SCAR) of wasted natural gas. These emissions must be reduced urgently for natural gas to meet its potential as an energy-transition fuel under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and to improve air quality and health. Wide-ranging initiatives and solutions exist already; the selection of the most suitable ones is situation-dependent. We present solutions and actions in a four-point ('Diamond') model involving: (1) measurement of chemicals emitted, (2) accountability and transparency of emissions through disclosure and reporting, (3) economic deployment of technologies for (small-scale) gas monetization, and (4) an 'all-ofgovernment' approach to regulation and fiscal measures. Combining these actions in an integrated framework can end routine flaring and venting in many oil and gas developments. This is particularly important for low- and middle-income countries: satellite data since 2005 show that 85 per cent of total gas flared is in developing countries. Satellite data in 2017 identified location and amount of natural gas burned for 10,828 individual flares in 94 countries. Particular focus is needed to improve flare quality and capture natural gas from the 1 per cent 'super-emitter' flares responsible for 23 per cent of global natural gas flared.

     

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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789292569402
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229407
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 6
    Subjects: energy transition; gas; health; climate; air quality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Capturing economic and social value from hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting
    evaluation of the issues
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Atmospheric emissions urgently need to reduce for natural gas to fulfill its potential role in the energy transition to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper establishes the magnitude and trends of flaring and venting in oil and... more

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    Atmospheric emissions urgently need to reduce for natural gas to fulfill its potential role in the energy transition to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper establishes the magnitude and trends of flaring and venting in oil and gas operations, as well as their emissions and impact on air quality, health, and climate. While global flaring and venting comprise 7.5 per cent of natural gas produced, their combined impact on health and climate (in terms of Social Cost of Atmospheric Release) accounts for 54 per cent. Many low- and middle-income countries are economically dependent on oil and gas production. Most premature deaths from air pollution in 2016 were in developing countries. Most natural gas losses and emissions are avoidable. If all natural gas flared and vented globally is captured and brought to market, it could supply annually more than the total South and Central America gas consumption, plus all of Africa's power needs. If 75 per cent of these volumes are captured, it provides an additional natural gas sales value of US$36 billion per annum (assuming an average gas price of US$4/MMBtu).

     

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    ISBN: 9789292569396
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    hdl: 10419/229406
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 5
    Subjects: energy transition; gas; health; climate; air quality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Designing fossil fuel subsidy reforms in OECD and G20 countries
    a robust sequential approach methodology
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  OECD, Paris, France

    Reform of support for fossil fuels is often identified as a priority for a country’s fiscal consolidation efforts and for climate action to align financial flows with low-carbon pathways. Its implementation, however, remains elusive for many... more

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    Reform of support for fossil fuels is often identified as a priority for a country’s fiscal consolidation efforts and for climate action to align financial flows with low-carbon pathways. Its implementation, however, remains elusive for many countries as they face seemingly irreconcilable policy agendas of economic growth and sustainability coupled with potential political backlash against austerity and rising costs. This paper provides a sequential approach that may assist in providing support for the analysis to a well-informed reform process. Deploying the suggested tools can help policy makers to identify the most distorting government support measures and alternative or complementary policies that deliver the sought-after objectives more efficiently and effectively. The work presented here draws on the OECD’s longstanding experience and tradition in measuring and tracking support measures for fossil fuels, primarily in its Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels (Inventory hereafter) and accompanying reports.

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
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    Series: OECD environment working papers ; no. 168
    Subjects: Subsidies; fossil fuels; energy; reform; government support; fossil fuel subsidies; oil; gas; coal; fossil fuel subsidy reform; tax incentives; tax expenditures; ; Environment; Taxation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Out with the old, in with the new?
    the EU's path out of the energy crisis
    Published: [2024]; © 2024
    Publisher:  DIIS, Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen, Denmark

    This report explores the EU's bold efforts to diversify energy sources, ramp up renewable energy use, and enforce stringent energy efficiency measures amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent energy crisis. Discover to what extent the... more

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    This report explores the EU's bold efforts to diversify energy sources, ramp up renewable energy use, and enforce stringent energy efficiency measures amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent energy crisis. Discover to what extent the EU has overcome infrastructural and geopolitical challenges to end its reliance on Russian fossil fuels and transition to a sustainable energy system and what key challenges remain.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9788772361345
    Series: DIIS report ; 2024, 05
    Subjects: Energy crisis; EU; REPowerEU; wind; nuclear; oil; coal; gas; solar; biogas; LNG; hydro
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (86 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 76-86

  12. Planar integriertes Mikromassenspektrometer : Simulation, Ansteuerung und Charakterisierung ; Planar integrated micro mass spectrometer : simulation, control and characterization
    Published: 2009

    Das Konzept, die Entwicklung und die Charakterisierung eines planar integrierten Mikromassenspektrometers (PIMMS), gefertigt in Mikrosystemtechnik, wird vorgestellt. Schwerpunkte sind die Berechnung und Simulation von Ionentrajektorien, die... more

     

    Das Konzept, die Entwicklung und die Charakterisierung eines planar integrierten Mikromassenspektrometers (PIMMS), gefertigt in Mikrosystemtechnik, wird vorgestellt. Schwerpunkte sind die Berechnung und Simulation von Ionentrajektorien, die Elektronenerzeugung durch ein Mikroplasma und die Ansteuerelektronik. Durch die Messung von Massenspektren wird erstmals der experimentelle Funktionsnachweis des PIMMS erbracht. ; The concept, development and characterization of the planar integrated micro mass spectrometer (PIMMS), fabricated in microsystems technology, is presented. Key topics are the calculation and simulation of ion trajectories, the generation of electrons by a micro plasma and the control electronics. The measurement of mass spectra with the PIMMS shows the experimental proof of concept.

     

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    Source: BASE Selection for Comparative Literature
    Language: German
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 620; 07.; 85.
    Subjects: Mikroplasma; Micro mass spectrometer; Micro plasma; Capacitively coupled plasma; Ion optics; MEMS; Massenspektrometer; Mikrosystemtechnik; Plasma; Mikrowellenplasma; Ionenoptik; Messtechnik; optical; electrical; movement; gas; etc.); remote
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    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ; doku.b.tu-harburg.de/doku/lic_ohne_pod.php