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  1. Text-as-data analysis of preferential trade agreements
    mapping the PTA landscape
    Author: Alschner, Wolfgang; Seiermann, Julia; Skougarevskiy, Dmitriy
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  The Graduate Institute Geneva, Center for Trade and Economic Integration, Genève

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: CTEI working papers ; CTEI-2017, 13
    Subjects: preferential trade agreements; free trade agreements; text-as-data; similarity; computational analysis of law; trade law; WTO
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Replacing customs revenue with taxes on income and domestic consumption
    the South African experience
    Author: Freytag, Andreas; Siebrits, Krige
    Published: October 2023
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) was signed by 54 member states of the African Union and is the largest free trade area in the world. Among other things, dismantling tariffs will have effects on public revenues in member states;... more

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    The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) was signed by 54 member states of the African Union and is the largest free trade area in the world. Among other things, dismantling tariffs will have effects on public revenues in member states; this will require a revenue transition from customs duties to other forms of public revenues such as income and value added taxes. This transition may be a politically difficult process. This paper analyses the process of revenue transition in South Africa after World War I and after the end of the Apartheid regime to improve understanding of the constraints to and effects of such a revenue transition. The transition in South Africa from a tax revenue structure anchored by customs revenue to one dominated by income taxes and taxes on domestic consumption was a protracted and unplanned process. The general revenue needs of the government led to the introduction of income taxes in 1914 and a broad-based consumption tax in 1979. In addition, excise taxes have been in use ever since the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910 and in recent times have become increasingly important for other purposes as well. Along with the shift in the role of customs duties from revenue-generating to protective instruments and fairly extensive use of non-tariff barriers, these developments meant that import taxes became markedly less important tax handles during the course of the 20th century. As a result, the revenue implications of the trade liberalisation process in the early 1990s were minor, and the implementation of AfCFTA would not be a large shock to government revenue in South Africa either.

     
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/282386
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10698 (2023)
    Subjects: free trade agreements; revenue transition; taxes; South Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. An ex-ante assessment of Pakistan
    UK free trade agreement on Pakistan's trade, revenue and welfare
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  Commonwealth Secretariat, London, United Kingdom

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Subjects: UK; Pakistan; free trade agreements; european union; brexit; exports; most-favoured-nations; trade policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Paperless trade in regional trade agreements
    Author: Duval, Yann; Mengjing, Kong
    Published: 2016
    Publisher:  United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Trade, Investment and Innovation Division, Bangkok

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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Trade, investment and innovation working paper series ; no. 02 (Nov 16)
    Subjects: regional trade agreements; paperless trade; trade facilitation; digital trade; electronic certificates; trade integration; regional cooperation; free trade agreements; cross-border paperless trade; e-commerce; treaty; RTAs; WTO; ESCAP; Asia; Pacific
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Intellectual property rights in the Asia-Pacific trade context
    Author: Puutio, T. Alexander; Parisotto, Luca
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Trade, Investment and Innovation Division, Bangkok

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    Series: Trade, investment and innovation working paper series ; no. 02 (Dec 15)
    Subjects: Intellectual property; free trade agreements; FTA; Asia-Pacific; IPRs index; indexing methodology; comparative studies; trade and economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Opportunities for the Philippines under RCEP
    trade in services
    Author: Rivera, John Paolo R.; Tullao, Tereso S.
    Published: January 2022
    Publisher:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a forward-looking trade agreement between member economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its free trade agreement (FTA) partners (AFPs) namely Australia, China,... more

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    The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a forward-looking trade agreement between member economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its free trade agreement (FTA) partners (AFPs) namely Australia, China, Japan, Korea, and New Zealand (i.e., non-ASEAN signatory economies). It presents an opportunity to participating economies to consolidate rules given overlapping sets of FTAs. Because of stalemates that developed between economies in World Trade Organizat ion (WTO) negotiations, more regional trading agreements (RTAs) have emerged. As RTAs define trade rules and commitments for all its signatories that are geared towards encouraging free movement of goods and services among member economies, it can deepen economic linkages. The RCEP is an alternative avenue for trade liberalization at the regional level, and a challenger to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) in terms of coverage and degree of liberalization. Through RCEP, new opportunities for trade and investment may be harnessed. As a result, the enhanced partnership can contribute to human resource and infrastructure development - which are key to the economic growth and development of the Philippines. Hence, we investigate how the RCEP can deepen the contributions of trade in services in the Philippine economy through the commitments made and limitations imposed. We reviewed and assessed the specific commitments of AFPs joining the RCEP in terms of trade in services, particularly on market access and national treatment. We compared these commitments, evaluated its relevance to the needs of the Philippines, and determined the benefits that he Philippines can reap from RCEP. Our analysis suggests that the RCEP is a marginal regional trading arrangement that should be viewed as a compilation of previous regional trading agreements for key economies in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. Because of the additional commitments made by the signatory economies, specific opportunities in trade in services may be valuable for the Philippines. However, there are challenges in the form of market access and national treatment limitations, which the Philippines must view as an opportunity to enhance its domestic productivity.

     
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/256884
    Series: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2022, 02 (January 2022)
    Subjects: ASEAN; free trade agreements; market access; national treatment; regional comprehensive economic partnership; trade in services
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Early reactions of EU-UK trade flows to Brexit
    Author: Flynn, Eimear; Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina
    Published: December 21, 2021
    Publisher:  ESRI, Dublin

    This paper examines the early months of trade in goods between the United Kingdom and European Union in the aftermath of Brexit. Controlling for product-time and partner country effects across all European bilateral trade flows, we isolate the... more

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    This paper examines the early months of trade in goods between the United Kingdom and European Union in the aftermath of Brexit. Controlling for product-time and partner country effects across all European bilateral trade flows, we isolate the contribution of Brexit on trade in the first half of 2021 from other potential common drivers of trade flows including the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show sharp declines in trade from the UK to the EU, the majority of which can be attributed to a Brexit impact. We also document considerable variation across member states and sectors. The effect of Brexit is highly asymmetric, however, with reduction in trade from the EU to the UK approximately half the size of the fall from the UK to EU. This is likely explained by the more gradual implementation of customs checks by the UK. Reductions in trade are identified from the date of the referendum and no evidence of stockpiling in the months prior to Brexit is found on either side.

     
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/265894
    Series: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 713 (December 2021)
    Subjects: Brexit; free trade agreements; customs checks
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Initial impact of Brexit on Ireland-UK trade flows
    Author: Flynn, Eimear; Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina
    Published: December 21, 2021
    Publisher:  ESRI, Dublin

    This paper examines the early months of post-Brexit trade flows in goods between Ireland and the United Kingdom. Controlling for product-level time effects across all global trade partners, we isolate the contribution of Brexit to trade in the first... more

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    This paper examines the early months of post-Brexit trade flows in goods between Ireland and the United Kingdom. Controlling for product-level time effects across all global trade partners, we isolate the contribution of Brexit to trade in the first eight months of 2021 from other potential common drivers of trade flows including the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated direct impact of Brexit is highly asymmetric, reducing imports from the UK to Ireland substantially but without any statistically significant impact on exports. This is likely due to the gradual implementation of customs procedures by the UK, with a range of checks to be introduced in 2022. We decompose the Irish-UK trade flows into trade with Northern Ireland separately from Great Britain. This shows that all of the decline in trade is driven by Great Britain with the majority of the reduction attributable to Brexit. In contrast, trade between Ireland and Northern Ireland trade has increased considerably.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265895
    Series: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 714 (December 2021)
    Subjects: Brexit; free trade agreements; customs checks
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Gravity-based tools for assessing the impact of tariff changes
    Author: Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan, Arevik; Hugot, Jules
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines

    This paper presents two empirical tools to quantify the impacts of tariff changes on bilateral trade and welfare. Both tools are rooted in the structural gravity literature. The first tool estimates the impact of tariff changes on bilateral trade for... more

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    This paper presents two empirical tools to quantify the impacts of tariff changes on bilateral trade and welfare. Both tools are rooted in the structural gravity literature. The first tool estimates the impact of tariff changes on bilateral trade for 5,020 products in a partial equilibrium framework. The second tool quantifies the impact on bilateral aggregate trade in a general equilibrium setup, allowing estimates of trade reallocation and welfare changes. These tools are used to estimate the impact of tariff changes affecting Armenia, including (i) the alignment with the external tariff of the Eurasian Economic Union, (ii) free trade agreements between the Eurasian Economic Union, and other economies-Iran and the People's Republic of China, and (iii) the loss of beneficiary status for the Generalised Scheme of Preferences of the European Union.

     
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    hdl: 10419/259487
    Series: ADB economics working paper series ; no. 649 (February 2022)
    Subjects: gravity; Eurasian Economic Union; free trade agreements; generalised scheme of preferences; Armenia
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Sustainable development in Chilean international investment agreements
    Author: Polanco Lazo, Rodrigo
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  World Trade Institute, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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    Series: WTI working paper ; no. 2022, 07
    Subjects: sustainable development; environmental standards; labour standards; investment treaties; free trade agreements; free trade agreements
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  11. How has Brexit changed EU-UK trade flows?
    Author: Kren, Janez; Lawless, Martina
    Published: October 19, 2022
    Publisher:  ESRI, Economic & Social Research Institute, Dublin

    This paper estimates how Brexit has affected goods trade between the United Kingdom and European Union. Using product-level trade flows between the EU and all other countries in the world as a comparison group, we find a sharp decline in trade from... more

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    This paper estimates how Brexit has affected goods trade between the United Kingdom and European Union. Using product-level trade flows between the EU and all other countries in the world as a comparison group, we find a sharp decline in trade from the UK to the EU and significant but smaller reductions in trade from the EU to the UK. However, when we estimate the size of the Brexit impact on trade using UK data and UK global trade as a benchmark, we find strikingly different results. We identify two key sources of this discrepancy. First, the UK's global exports grew relatively slowly. We argue these are not suitable as a no-Brexit counterfactual. Second, Brexit also led to breaks in the measurement of trade flows, particularly for the EU data. To resolve these issues, we combine UK-reported data for its trade with EU and EU data for its trade with the rest of the world to use as the appropriate benchmark for comparison. This generates an estimate that Brexit reduced trade by close to 20% in both directions.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/272962
    Series: ESRI working paper ; no. 735 (October 2022)
    Subjects: Brexit; free trade agreements; customs checks
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Exploiting modern trade data
    sanctions, trade agreements, and product classifications
    Author: Lukaszuk, Piotr
    Published: 2021

    This dissertation exploits fine-grained trade data to study how the evasion of trade sanctions may be detected, which factors determine the utilisation of free trade agreements, and how to improve the quality of intertemporal product-level trade... more

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    This dissertation exploits fine-grained trade data to study how the evasion of trade sanctions may be detected, which factors determine the utilisation of free trade agreements, and how to improve the quality of intertemporal product-level trade data.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Subjects: Aussenhandelspolitik; Sanktion; Freihandelsabkommen; Warenklassifikation; Handelspolitik; free trade agreements; trade policy; product classification; Sanktionsumgehung; sanction avoidance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 166 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, University of St. Gallen, 2021
  13. Trade, gravity and aggregation
    Author: Breinlich, Holger; Novy, Dennis; Silva, João Santos
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Series: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1802 (September 2021)
    Subjects: free trade agreements; gravity equation; OLS; PPML; trade costs
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten)
  14. Intra-bloc tariffs and preferential margins in trade agreements
    Author: Ornelas, Emanuel; Tovar, Patricia
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Series: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1791 (September 2021)
    Subjects: regionalism; free trade agreements; customs unions; tariff complementarity; Latin America
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten)
  15. Regulating the digital economy
    are we moving towards a "winwin" or a "lose-lose"?
    Author: Gehl Sampath, Padmashree
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU‐MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2018, 005
    Subjects: digital economy; e-commerce; industry 4.0; digital trade; robotics and process automation; artificial intelligence; 3D printing; manufacturing; development; trade; free trade agreements; digital industrial policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Intra-bloc tariffs and preferential margins in trade agreements
    Author: Ornelas, Emanuel; Tovar, Patricia
    Published: August 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We study, theoretically and empirically, how countries choose intra-bloc tariffs and preferential margins when they form Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). Our model indicates that countries should set systematically lower preferential margins... more

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    We study, theoretically and empirically, how countries choose intra-bloc tariffs and preferential margins when they form Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). Our model indicates that countries should set systematically lower preferential margins when the bloc takes the form of a free trade area (where members set external trade policies independently), relative to a customs union (where members coordinate external tariffs). Moreover, in customs unions (but not necessarily in free trade areas) preferential margins should increase with the supply of partner countries and decrease with the level of preferential imports. These relationships reflect, respec-tively, the internalization of political-economy goals within the bloc and the desire to curb trade diversion. Using a sample that covers most PTAs formed by Latin American countries in the 1990s, when their popularity in the region shot up, we find empirical support for each of those predictions. These findings make clear that the type of PTA matters significantly for the bloc’s tariff structure. Our results carry out important implications for the welfare consequences and the social desirability of different types of PTAs.

     
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    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245426
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9245 (2021)
    Subjects: regionalism; free trade agreements; customs unions; tariff complementarity; Latin America
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Wanted! Free trade agreements in the service of environmental and climate protection
    Author: Grübler, Julia; Stöllinger, Roman; Tondl, Gabriele
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

    The effects of international trade on the planet's climate and environment are manifold and complex. This makes assessment of the impact of free trade agreements (FTAs) a delicate matter. This study provides an overview of the development of... more

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    The effects of international trade on the planet's climate and environment are manifold and complex. This makes assessment of the impact of free trade agreements (FTAs) a delicate matter. This study provides an overview of the development of sustainability chapters in FTAs and discusses their potential and limitations. It highlights particular industry-specific environmental issues related to EU trade, especially with developing countries, and presents complementary policy options. In this vein, it zooms in on the EU-Mercosur FTA, for which a political agreement was reached in June 2019. It contrasts the estimated cost of increased CO2 emissions attributable to intensified trade relations, as one element of the 'pains from trade', with the estimated 'gains from trade' arising from lower prices for consumers. The analysis suggests that the benefits outweigh the costs; yet, the result is sensitive to assumed prices for pollutants. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the incorporated sustainability chapter is limited by its enforceability. The latter provokes a discussion on the modernisation of the framework of the World Trade Organization, which currently does not allow environmental challenges to be tackled effectively.

     
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    hdl: 10419/240651
    Series: Research report / wiiw ; 451 (January 2021)
    Subjects: free trade agreements; trade policy; environment; sustainability; WTO; Mercosur
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Die Auswirkungen des Brexit auf Österreichs Wirtschaft
    Author: Oberhofer, Harald; Pfaffermayr, Michael; Wolfmayr, Yvonne
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  FIW, [Wien]

    Diese Studie liefert ein Update zu den 2017 berechneten Handels- und Wohlfahrtseffekten des Brexit für die österreichische und die britische Wirtschaft ("Estimating the Trade and Welfare Effects of Brexit. A Panel Data Structural Gravity Model"). Die... more

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    Diese Studie liefert ein Update zu den 2017 berechneten Handels- und Wohlfahrtseffekten des Brexit für die österreichische und die britische Wirtschaft ("Estimating the Trade and Welfare Effects of Brexit. A Panel Data Structural Gravity Model"). Die Schätzung erfolgt mit einem strukturellen Gravitationsmodell auf disaggregiertem Branchenniveau. Die Studie vergleicht die ökonomischen Folgen des am 24. Dezember 2020 vereinbarten Freihandelsabkommens zwischen der EU und dem Vereinigten Königreich mit den Handels- und Wohlfahrtseffekten aus einem ungeregelten Ausscheiden des Vereinigten Königreichs. Demnach dämpft das Freihandelsabkommen die negativen bilateralen Handelseffekte, kompensiert sie jedoch nicht vollständig. Das Vereinigte Königreich ist vom Ausscheiden deutlich stärker als Österreich betroffen. Die größten negativen Handelseffekte zeigen sich für den Agrarsektor sowie in der für den bilateralen Handel wichtigen Kfz-Branche.

     
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    Contributor: Langer, Irene (MitwirkendeR)
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243228
    Series: FIW-research reports ; 2021, Jänner
    Subjects: free trade agreements; trade policy; environment; sustainability; WTO; Mercosur
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Wanted!
    Freihandelsabkommen im Einklang mit Umwelt- und Klimaschutz
    Author: Grübler, Julia; Stöllinger, Roman; Tondl, Gabriele
    Published: Jänner 2021
    Publisher:  FIW, [Wien]

    Mit der Verabschiedung des Europäischen Grünen Deals rückten Klimaschutz und ökologische Nachhaltigkeit weiter in den Fokus der EU-Politik. Neben zahlreichen internen Maßnahmen sieht der Grüne Deal auch vor, dass die EU eine energische "Diplomatie... more

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    Mit der Verabschiedung des Europäischen Grünen Deals rückten Klimaschutz und ökologische Nachhaltigkeit weiter in den Fokus der EU-Politik. Neben zahlreichen internen Maßnahmen sieht der Grüne Deal auch vor, dass die EU eine energische "Diplomatie des Grünen Deals" entwickelt, die darauf abzielt, weltweit ambitionierte Umwelt-, Klima- und Energiestrategien zu fördern und umzusetzen. Damit kommt der Handelspolitik eine entscheidende Rolle zu, deren vorrangiges Instrument aufgrund des Stillstands in den multilateralen Verhandlungen im Rahmen der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) bi- und plurilaterale Freihandelsabkommen (FHA) sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht dieser Policy Brief auf die möglichen Synergien, aber auch das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen der angestrebten ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit und der EU-Freihandelspolitik ein.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/243229
    Series: Array ; no. 2021, 02
    Subjects: free trade agreements; trade policy; environment; sustainability; WTO; Mercosur
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 4 Seiten)
  20. "Food can't be traded"
    civil society's discursive power in the context of agricultural liberalisation in India
    Author: Parguel, Camile; Graz, Jean-Christophe
    Published: August 2021
    Publisher:  ICRIER, [New Delhi]

    Bilateral and regional free trade agreements increasingly substitute for the World Trade Organization in trade negotiations. Accordingly, civil society organisations opposed to trade liberalisation target this new generation of trade agreements as... more

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    Bilateral and regional free trade agreements increasingly substitute for the World Trade Organization in trade negotiations. Accordingly, civil society organisations opposed to trade liberalisation target this new generation of trade agreements as well. This paper examines the case of activists concerned about agricultural and food issues in India who raised their voice against the Bilateral Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), negotiated by India with the European Union and Asian and Oceanian countries, respectively. Among them were members of La Via Campesina - a farmer movement including 182 organisations around the world, the Right to Food Campaign - a coalition committed to the realisation of the right to food in India, and the Forum against Free Trade Agreements - a discussion platform on free trade agreements. Drawing on discourse analysis, we show that civil society actors are able to exert a diffused form of power even when they are essentially excluded from formal arenas of negotiation such as the BTIA and RCEP. They do so in particular by (1) campaigning outside the negotiating arenas, (2) framing an alternative narrative about regional trade and its implication for food, and (3) assigning new roles to participants in the policymaking process.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/242884
    Series: Working paper / ICRIER ; 405
    Subjects: civil society actors; discourse; food security; free trade agreements; political economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. An overview of China’s regional trade agreements
    Author: Lintunen, Julia
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  BOFIT, Helsinki

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 123456789/17836
    hdl: 10419/251702
    Series: BOFIT policy brief ; 2021, no. 1
    Subjects: trade policy; free trade agreements; RCEP; CPTPP
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Political economy of labor provisions in free trade agreements
    Author: Sato, Hitoshi
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Institute of Developing Economies (IDE), JETRO, Chiba, Japan

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    hdl: 2344/00051689
    Series: IDE discussion paper ; no. 780
    Subjects: labor provisions; free trade agreements; political economy; oligopolistic trade
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  23. Free Trade Agreements and the movement of business people
    Author: Mayer, Thierry; Rapoport, Hillel; Umana-Dajud, Camilo
    Published: February 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using provisions to ease the movement of business visitors in trade agreements, we show that removing barriers to the movement of business people promotes trade. We document the increasing complexity of Free Trade Agreements and develop an algorithm... more

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    Using provisions to ease the movement of business visitors in trade agreements, we show that removing barriers to the movement of business people promotes trade. We document the increasing complexity of Free Trade Agreements and develop an algorithm that combines machine learning and text analysis techniques to examine the content of FTAs. We use the algorithm to determine which FTAs include provisions to facilitate the movement of business people and whether these are included in dispute settlement mechanisms. We show that provisions facilitating business travel are effective in promoting them and eventually increase bilateral trade flows.

     
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    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16789
    Subjects: free trade agreements; business travel; migration; machine learning; text analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Does FTA import utilization enhance firm performance?
    an assessment of the Philippine manufacturing sector
    Author: Moreno, Neil Irwin S.; Quimba, Francis Mark A.; Andrada, Abigail E.
    Published: December 2023
    Publisher:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    This study assessed how utilizing free trade agreements (FTAs) in imports affects the performance of Philippine manufacturing firms. It utilized recent developments in differencesin-differences (DID) estimation with multiple time periods and... more

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    This study assessed how utilizing free trade agreements (FTAs) in imports affects the performance of Philippine manufacturing firms. It utilized recent developments in differencesin-differences (DID) estimation with multiple time periods and variation in treatment timing. This DID method was applied to a rich Philippine microdata set that integrates the annual firm surveys/censuses with import transactions data. The empirical analysis reveals that the FTA import utilization effects varied across different groups and periods; some estimates did not even have the expected signs. Overall, productivity gains were limited for importers that started to use FTAs. However, the productivity losses observed from quitting FTA use suggest potential long-run productivity gains obtained by consistent FTA users. The results also confirm the trade-facilitating effects of FTAs, as FTA starters consistently experienced substantial import growth. Meanwhile, quitting use only generated short-term adverse effects on firm imports, implying that some importers might have eventually increased their imports from non-FTA partners. Among others, policymakers must prioritize easing FTA procedures, intensify firm support mechanisms, and improve data access and monitoring. The country's ongoing effort in monitoring import surges could be leveraged to also identify sectors that heavily rely on imported intermediate inputs. This could be crucial in facilitating their participation and upgrading in global value chains.

     
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    hdl: 10419/284617
    Series: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2023, 18 (December 2023)
    Subjects: free trade agreements; firm performance; import facilitation; difference-indifferences; doubly robust
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen