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Displaying results 1 to 18 of 18.

  1. A theoretical framework explaining the mechanisms of nudging
    Author: Löfgren, Åsa; Nordblom, Katarina
    Published: March 2019
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Göteborg University, Göteborg

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 2077/59617
    Series: Working papers in economics ; no. 754
    Subjects: Nudge; decision making; behavioral intervention
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Predictive analytics for children
    an assessment of ethical considerations, risks, and benefits
    Author: Rahman, Zara; Keseru, Julia
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy

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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Office of Research - Innocenti working paper ; WP-2021, 08 (November 2021)
    Subjects: access to information; data protection; decision making; identity; privacy; risk
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Sustainable investments
    one for the money, two for the show
    Author: Degryse, Hans; Di Giuli, Alberta; Sekerci, Naciye; Stradi, Francesco
    Published: 10 July 2023
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP18285
    Subjects: sustainable investments; household finance; decision making; financial literacy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten)
  4. Is your machine better than you?
    you may never know
    Author: Véricourt, Francis de; Gurkan, Huseyin
    Published: May 23, 2022
    Publisher:  ESMT Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly demonstrating their capacity to make better predictions than human experts. Yet, recent studies suggest that professionals sometimes doubt the quality of these systems and overrule machine-based... more

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    Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly demonstrating their capacity to make better predictions than human experts. Yet, recent studies suggest that professionals sometimes doubt the quality of these systems and overrule machine-based prescriptions. This paper explores the extent to which a decision maker (DM) supervising a machine to make high-stake decisions can properly assess whether the machine produces better recommendations. To that end, we study a set-up, in which a machine performs repeated decision tasks (e.g., whether to perform a biopsy) under the DM's supervision. Because stakes are high, the DM primarily focuses on making the best choice for the task at hand. Nonetheless, as the DM observes the correctness of the machine's prescriptions across tasks, she updates her belief about the machine. However, the DM observes the machine's correctness only if she ultimately decides to act on the task. Further, the DM sometimes overrides the machine depending on her belief, which affects learning. In this set-up, we characterize the evolution of the DM's belief and overruling decisions over time. We identify situations under which the DM hesitates forever whether the machine is better, i.e., she never fully ignores but regularly overrules it. Moreover, the DM sometimes wrongly believes with positive probability that the machine is better. We fully characterize the conditions under which these learning failures occur and explore how mistrusting the machine affects them. Our results highlight some fundamental limitations in determining whether machines make better decisions than experts and provide a novel explanation for human-machine complementarity.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/259795
    Series: ESMT working paper ; 22, 02
    Subjects: machine accuracy; decision making; human-in-the-loop; algorithm aversion; dynamic learning
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Decision making in the pre-deal stage of acquisitions
    toward an improved cognitive perspective
    Author: Bian, Di
    Published: [2022?]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 20.500.14171/108233
    Subjects: Mergers and Acquisitions; Kognition; Entscheidungsprozess; EDIS-5211; cognition; decision making; Mergers and acquisitions
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Sperrfrist: Zugriff auf den Volltext ab 17.09.2024

    Dissertation, Universität St. Gallen, 2022
  6. Biased policy professionals
    Author: Banuri, Sheheryar; Dercon, Stefan; Gauri, Varun
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  Centre for the Study of African Economies, Oxford

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: CSAE working paper ; WPS/2019, 06
    Subjects: Biases; decision making; policy professionals; framing; confirmation bias,behavioural economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Can consumers see a difference?
    an experiment with high-skilled soccer players
    Author: Gomez-Gonzalez, Carlos; Dietl, Helmut; Berri, David J.; Nesseler, Cornel
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration, Zurich

    Whether one looks at revenue, public and private investment, or media coverage; men's sports consistently do better than women's sports. Many people argue that these differences are driven by absolute differences in the quality of athletes in men's... more

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    Whether one looks at revenue, public and private investment, or media coverage; men's sports consistently do better than women's sports. Many people argue that these differences are driven by absolute differences in the quality of athletes in men's and women's sports. We begin by noting that absolute differences in athletic skill often do not drive demand in sports. We then move on to our primary research question: Can people truly see differences in men and women athletes? To answer this question, we use videos of professional women’s and men’s soccer. In some videos the gender of the athletes was clear to see. In other videos, though, the gender of the athletes was blurred. We find that participants only rate men’s soccer videos higher when the gender of the players is visible. These findings reveal a bias in the evaluation of men’s and women’s soccer relevant for many other fields. Our results demonstrate that factors other than performance, e.g., social beliefs and stereotypes, have an important influence on how individuals evaluate women in sports

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Edition: Current Version: 15 November 2021
    Series: UZH business working paper series ; no. 391
    Subjects: Behaviour; bias; decision making; experiment; gender; performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  8. Relación entre estilos de liderazgo y funciones ejecutivas de planificación y toma de decisiones en oficiales jefes de la Armada Argentina
    Author: Martínez, Luis Marcelo; Canga, Lucas
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Universidad del CEMA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between leadership styles and executive functions of planning and decision-making, in chief officers of the Argentine Navy, who are working as students of the Command and General Staff... more

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    The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between leadership styles and executive functions of planning and decision-making, in chief officers of the Argentine Navy, who are working as students of the Command and General Staff course at the Naval War School. A survey was carried out where a sample of 21 chief officers of the Argentine Navy in the rank of Lieutenant Commander was analyzed, in a population of 153 qualified for command function, whose age range is between 37 and 46 years old, resulting in an average of 40.71 years and an average length of service in the force of 20.88 years, ranging between 18 and 24 years of service. This sample was made up of officers from three different ranks, naval (n = 9), naval aviators (n = 6) and marines (n = 6). The results obtained indicate the absence of correlation between the leadership styles that these officers demonstrated and the skills in the executive functions of decision-making and planning. Likewise, it was found that the values obtained from the tests carried out yielded results that allow to conclude that the chief officers of the Argentine Navy in the Lieutenant Commander hierarchy possess very high competencies in decision-making and planning, as well as oriented leadership profiles to transformational leadership. The conclusions is that these competencies are significant for the operational and tactical leadership of the means and personnel in the Argentine Navy.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Spanish
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260520
    Series: Array ; nro. 826 (Febrero 2022)
    Subjects: leadership styles; decision making; planning; management and leadership; ArgentineNavy; estilos de liderazgo; toma de decisiones; planificación; conducción y liderazgo,Armada Argentina
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Spousal concordance in joint and separate households
    survey evidence from Nepal
    Author: Ambler, Kate; Doss, Cheryl R.; Kieran, Caitlin; Passarelli, Simone
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: IFPRI discussion paper ; 01958 (August 2020)
    Subjects: intrahousehold; assets; decision making; measurement; intergenerational; Nepal
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Is your machine better than you?
    you may never know
    Author: Véricourt, Francis de; Gurkan, Huseyin
    Published: Dec 8, 2022
    Publisher:  ESMT Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly demonstrating their capacity to make better predictions than human experts. Yet, recent studies suggest that professionals sometimes doubt the quality of these systems and overrule machine-based... more

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    Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly demonstrating their capacity to make better predictions than human experts. Yet, recent studies suggest that professionals sometimes doubt the quality of these systems and overrule machine-based prescriptions. This paper explores the extent to which a decision maker (DM) supervising a machine to make high-stake decisions can properly assess whether the machine produces better recommendations. To that end, we study a set-up in which a machine performs repeated decision tasks (e.g., whether to perform a biopsy) under the DM's supervision. Because stakes are high, the DM primarily focuses on making the best choice for the task at hand. Nonetheless, as the DM observes the correctness of the machine's prescriptions across tasks, she updates her belief about the machine. However, the DM is subject to a so-called verification bias such that the DM verifies the machine's correctness and updates her belief accordingly only if she ultimately decides to act on the task. In this set-up, we characterize the evolution of the DM's belief and overruling decisions over time. We identify situations under which the DM hesitates forever whether the machine is better, i.e., she never fully ignores but regularly overrules it. Moreover, the DM sometimes wrongly believes with positive probability that the machine is better. We fully characterize the conditions under which these learning failures occur and explore how mistrusting the machine affects them. These findings provide a novel explanation for human-machine complementarity and suggest guidelines on the decision to fully adopt or reject a machine.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267687
    Series: ESMT working paper ; 22, 02 (R1)
    Subjects: machine accuracy; decision making; human-in-the-loop; algorithm aversion; dynamic learning
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Social distancing and risk taking
    evidence from a team game show
    Author: Bourgeon, Jean-Marc; Sousa, José de; Noir-Luhalwe, Alexis
    Published: November 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We examine the risky choices of pairs of contestants in a popular radio game show in France. At one point during the COVID-19 pandemic the show, held in person, had to switch to an all-remote format. We find that such an exogenous change in social... more

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    We examine the risky choices of pairs of contestants in a popular radio game show in France. At one point during the COVID-19 pandemic the show, held in person, had to switch to an all-remote format. We find that such an exogenous change in social context affected risk-taking behavior. Remotely, pairs take far fewer risks when the stakes are high than in the flesh. This behavioral difference is consistent with prosocial behavior theories, which argue that the nature of social interactions influences risky choices. Our results suggest that working from home may reduce participation in profitable but risky team projects.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267296
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10063 (2022)
    Subjects: COVID-19; social distancing; social pressure; decision making; risk
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Expert adoption of composite indices
    a randomized experiment on migrant resettlement decisions in Bangladesh
    Author: Kolstad, Ivar; Karim, Azreen; Lujala, Päivi; Wiig, Arne
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI), Bergen, Norway

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9788280628251
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11250/3029990
    Series: CMI working paper ; 2022, number 03 (September 2022)
    Subjects: Migration; climate change; resettlement index; decision making; Bangladesh; discretechoice experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The influence of dietary patterns on outcomes in a Bayesian choice task
    Author: Dickinson, David L.; Garbuio, Caleb
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper reports on a preregistered study aimed at testing for executive function differences across individuals who self-reported one of four distinct dietary patterns: No Diet, No Sugar, Vegetarian, and Mediterranean Diet patterns. The... more

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    This paper reports on a preregistered study aimed at testing for executive function differences across individuals who self-reported one of four distinct dietary patterns: No Diet, No Sugar, Vegetarian, and Mediterranean Diet patterns. The incentivized decision task involves Bayesian assessments where participants may use existing (base rate) as well as new information (sample draw evidence) in making probability assessments. Sample size, hypotheses, and analysis plans were all determined ex ante and registered on the Open Science Framework. Our hypotheses were aimed at testing whether adherence to a specialty diet improved decision making relative to those who reported following No Diet. Our data fail to support these hypotheses. In fact, we found some evidence that adherence to a No Sugar Diet predicted a reduced decision accuracy and was connected to an increased imbalance in how the participant weighted the two sources of information available. Our results suggest that decision making is nuanced among dietary groups, but that short-term incentivized decisions in an ecologically valid field setting are likely not improved solely by following a promoted diet such as the Mediterranean or Vegetarian diet.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/232822
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14070
    Subjects: Ernährungsverhalten; Funktionelle Lebensmittel; Entscheidung; Bayes-Statistik; Verhaltensökonomik; behavioral economics; bayes rule; decision making; dietary patterns; mediterranean diet
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Reforming EU pesticides regulation, rebuilding public support
    evidence from survey experiments in six member states
    Author: Zeitlin, Jonathan; Weimer, Maria; Van der Duin, David; Kuhn, Theresa; Dybdahl Jensen, Martin
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Amsterdam Centre for European Studies, Amsterdam

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    Media type: Book
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    Series: SSRN research paper ; 2021, 03
    Subjects: European Union; risk regulation; governance; pesticides; decision making; public opinion
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource
  15. A two-stage model of decision-making over financial reporting regimes and techniques
    analysis and UK case studies
    Author: Hsu, Yu-Lin; Reid, Gavin C.
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge

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    Series: Working paper / Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge ; no. 529
    Subjects: IFRS; case studies; decision making; preferences; accounting choices
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  16. Is the accuracy of individuals' survival beliefs aqssociated with their knowledge of population life expectancy?
    Author: Kutlu-Koc, Vesile; Kalwij, Adriaan
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  U.S.E. Research Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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    Series: U.S.E. working paper series ; nr: 20, 04
    Subjects: mortality risk; subjective survival; population life expectancy; decision making
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Personnel, institutions, and power
    revisiting the concept of executive personalisation
    Author: Llanos, Mariana; Kühn, David; Richter, Thomas; Acheampong, Martin; Song, Esther E.; Arellano, Emilia
    Published: January 2024
    Publisher:  German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA), Hamburg

    Evidence points to an increasing personalisation of political power by chief executives in recent years. It is often argued that such personalisation contributes to the current trend of autocratisation and the global decline of democracy. Yet our... more

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    Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
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    Evidence points to an increasing personalisation of political power by chief executives in recent years. It is often argued that such personalisation contributes to the current trend of autocratisation and the global decline of democracy. Yet our understanding hereof remains fractured, not least because there are a plethora of tacit understandings, definitions, and concepts vis-à-vis what political personalisation is. While potentially occurring in both autocracies and democracies, the scholarship is still too often siloed according to regime type. We thus develop a framework defining the phenomenon as a process in which the chief executive personalises power in policymaking and policy implementation by weakening the constraining capacities of relevant actors. The "personalisation of executive power" (PEXP) runs through three distinct mechanisms: personnel management, institutional engineering, and power arrogation. We illustrate the usefulness of our conceptual framework with four case studies during the COVID-19 pandemic: El Salvador, Ghana, South Korea, and Zimbabwe.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/281768
    Series: GIGA working papers ; no 339
    Subjects: Macht; Vollziehende Gewalt; Personalisierung; Entscheidungsprozess; Entscheidungsbefugnis; Demokratie; Defizit; autocracy; democracy; executive; decision making; concentration of political power; personalisation; Covid-19 pandemic
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource
  18. Eine entropisch-ökonomische Analyse der "Routine"
    Author: Krcal, Hans-Christian
    Published: 05 Dez. 2023
    Publisher:  Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, Heidelberg

    ‘Routine action’, a form to take action, is widely accepted in the economic field, because of its resource saving effect which contributes to average cost degression. However, from an entropic point of view, each form of acting requires decision... more

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    ‘Routine action’, a form to take action, is widely accepted in the economic field, because of its resource saving effect which contributes to average cost degression. However, from an entropic point of view, each form of acting requires decision making in regard to consumption of resources and causes entropic effects. Therefore, any kind of mechanistic resource management has to be avoided, even for routine action, when well-balanced economic-entropic actions, as to call them sustainable, are the objective. The paper shows how entropic and economic advantages and disadvantages of routine action can be brought together in a ratio to measure its sustainability’s relevance.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283466
    Series: AWI discussion paper series ; no. 738 (November 2023)
    Subjects: thermodynamics; decision making; entropy; routine action; micro theory; sustainability; opportunity cost; opportunity revenue; learning curve effect; average cost degression
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (49 Seiten), Diagramme