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Displaying results 1 to 12 of 12.

  1. The marginal cost of public funds
    a brief guide
    Author: Bastani, Spencer
    Published: March 2023
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    When deciding on the social desirability of public investment, the cost of a project is sometimes adjusted by a factor known as the Marginal Cost of Public Funds (MCPF) which captures the cost of raising public funds through distortionary taxation.... more

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    When deciding on the social desirability of public investment, the cost of a project is sometimes adjusted by a factor known as the Marginal Cost of Public Funds (MCPF) which captures the cost of raising public funds through distortionary taxation. However, there is no scholarly consensus on either its definition or its quantification. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief up-to-date guide to the theoretical background, practical application, and empirical quantification of the MCPF, taking into account some recent developments in the public finance literature.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/271966
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10322 (2023)
    Subjects: benefit-cost analysis; public investment; excess burden; distortions; public goods; taxes
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten)
  2. The marginal cost of public funds
    a brief guide
    Author: Bastani, Spencer
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  IFAU, Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, Uppsala

    When deciding on the social desirability of public investment, the cost of a project is sometimes adjusted by a factor known as the Marginal Cost of Public Funds (MCP F ), which captures the cost of raising public funds through distortionary... more

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    When deciding on the social desirability of public investment, the cost of a project is sometimes adjusted by a factor known as the Marginal Cost of Public Funds (MCP F ), which captures the cost of raising public funds through distortionary taxation. However, there is no scholarly consensus on its definition or quantification. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief up-to-date guide to the theoretical background, practical application, and empirical quantification of the MCPF, taking into account some recent developments in the public finance literature, and highlighting the broad applicability of the MCPF beyond taxation

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy ; 2023, 14
    Subjects: benefit-cost analysis; marginal value of public funds; excess burden; distortions; public goods; taxes
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten)
  3. Renewable energy support through feed-in tariffs
    a retrospective stakeholder analysis
    Author: Hashemi, Majid; Jenkins, Glenn P.; Milne, Frank
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  [Queen's Economics Department], [Kingston, Ontario]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Development discussion paper ; 2023-08
    Subjects: renewable energy subsidy; distributed energy resources; feed-in tariff; stakeholder analysis; benefit-cost analysis; Ontario; Canada
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  4. Estimation of the economic opportunity cost of labour
    an operational guide for Ghana
    Author: Jenkins, Glenn P.; Sogah, Richard; Othman, Abdallah; Miklyaev, Mikhail; Coskuner, Çagay
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  [Queen's Economics Department], [Kingston, Ontario]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Development discussion paper ; 2023-09
    Subjects: renewable energy subsidy; distributed energy resources; feed-in tariff; stakeholder analysis; benefit-cost analysis; Ontario; Canada
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  5. The benefits and costs of U.S. employer COVID-19 vaccine mandates
    Author: Ferranna, Maddalena; Robinson, Lisa A.; Cadarette, Daniel; Eber, Michael; Bloom, David E.
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In 2021, the Biden Administration issued mandates requiring COVID-19 vaccinations for U.S. federal employees and contractors and for some healthcare and private sector workers. Although these mandates have been subject to legal challenges and some... more

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    In 2021, the Biden Administration issued mandates requiring COVID-19 vaccinations for U.S. federal employees and contractors and for some healthcare and private sector workers. Although these mandates have been subject to legal challenges and some have been halted or delayed, rigorous appraisal of their benefits and costs accompanied neither the decision to implement them nor the efforts to terminate them. This paper aims to help fill that gap. We estimate the direct costs and health-related benefits that would have accrued if these vaccination requirements had been implemented as intended. Compared with the vaccination rates observed in January 2022, we find that the mandates could have led to 15 million additional vaccinated individuals, increasing the overall proportion of the fully vaccinated U.S. population to 68%. The associated net benefits depend on the evolution of the pandemic from the time of mandate enactment - information unavailable ex ante to analysts or policymakers. In scenarios involving the emergence of a novel, more transmissible variant, against which vaccination and previous infection offer moderate protection, the estimated net benefits reach more than $16,000 per additional vaccinated individual, with more than 20,000 total deaths averted in total. In scenarios involving a fading pandemic, existing vaccination-acquired or infection-acquired immunity provides sufficient protection, and the mandates' benefits are unlikely to exceed their costs. Thus, mandates may be most useful when the consequences of inaction are catastrophic. However, we do not compare the effects of mandates with alternative policies for increasing vaccination rates or promoting other protective measures, which may receive stronger public support and be less likely to be overturned by litigation.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265693
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15472
    Subjects: benefit-cost analysis; COVID-19; vaccination; regulation; valueper statistical life (VSL); willingness to pay (WTP)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Prevention, treatment, and palliative care
    the relative value of health improvements under alternative evaluation frameworks
    Author: Hammitt, James K.
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1339
    Subjects: prevention; treatment; morbidity; social-welfare function; benefit-cost analysis; value per statistical life
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  7. Promoting equity through equitable risk tradeoffs
    Author: Kniesner, Thomas J.; Viscusi, W. Kip
    Published: November 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The impact and economic merits of President Biden's Executive Order 13985 on equity depend on how the executive order is implemented. While policy discussion to date has focused on equitable outcomes, we propose framing risk equity policies in terms... more

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    The impact and economic merits of President Biden's Executive Order 13985 on equity depend on how the executive order is implemented. While policy discussion to date has focused on equitable outcomes, we propose framing risk equity policies in terms of equitable risk tradeoff rates based on six policy guidelines. The starting point for ex ante evaluation of equity for mortality risk policies should be the symmetric application of the value of a statistical life (VSL) to all groups. Because of the substantial heterogeneity in VSLs by income and demographic characteristics, symmetric tradeoff rates generate subsidies and deficits relative to private values of risk. Efforts to provide for distributional preferences should be grounded in an understanding of the differentials already provided through application of a uniform VSL. Targeting government programs to specific groups ex ante should be coupled with estimates of the efficiency loss based on symmetric tradeoff rates and the implicit tradeoff rate ratio relative the average VSL needed to support the redistributive policy. Here we propose equity guidance that could be incorporated in a revised version of Office of Management and Budget Circular A-4. We contrast the ex ante equity guidance approach with the ex post risk equity evaluation procedure that is incorporated in the Biden Administration's recently proposed Justice40 plan, where 40 percent of the benefits of existing programs must be targeted to certain minority groups without ex post examination of their cost effectiveness either feasible or currently planned.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/272398
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15771
    Subjects: value of statistical life; risk equity; Justice40; Circular A-4; benefit-cost analysis; regulatory impact analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten)
  8. Estimación empírica de la tasa social de descuento
    estudio de caso Bolivia
    Author: Castro Rodríguez, Raúl; Rueda Gallardo, Jorge Armando
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  CEDE, Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Spanish
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 1992/41119
    Series: Documentos CEDE ; 2020, no. 7 (febrero de 2020)
    Subjects: social discount rate; social rate of time preference; benefit-cost analysis; shadowprice of capital; social welfare function
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Fatality risk regulation
    Author: Hammitt, James K.; Treich, Nicolas; Gijbels, Irène; Stupfler, Gilles
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  Toulouse School of Economics, [Toulouse]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1177
    Subjects: mortality; regulation; benefit-cost analysis; value of a statistical life; fair innings; age; income; catastrophe aversion; prioritarian; utilitarian
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic: comparing alternative value frameworks
    Author: Ferranna, Maddalena; Sevilla, J. P.; Bloom, David E.
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The COVID-19 pandemic has forced countries to make difficult ethical choices, e.g., how to balance public health and socioeconomic activity and whom to prioritize in allocating vaccines or other scarce medical resources. We discuss the implications... more

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has forced countries to make difficult ethical choices, e.g., how to balance public health and socioeconomic activity and whom to prioritize in allocating vaccines or other scarce medical resources. We discuss the implications of benefit-cost analysis, utilitarianism, and prioritarianism in evaluating COVID-19-related policies. The relative regressivity of COVID-19 burdens and control policy costs determines whether increased sensitivity to distribution supports more or less aggressive control policies. Utilitarianism and prioritarianism, in that order, increasingly favor income redistribution mechanisms compared with benefit-cost analysis. The concern for the worse-off implies that prioritarianism is more likely than utilitarianism or benefit-cost analysis to target young and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals in the allocation of scarce vaccine doses.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236212
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14181
    Subjects: prioritarianism; benefit-cost analysis; utilitarianism; COVID-19; vaccine allocation; lockdown; control policies
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Estimation of the economic opportunity cost of labour
    an operational guide for Ghana
    Author: Jenkins, Glenn P.; Sogah, Richard; Othman, Abdallah; Miklyaev, Mikhail; Coskuner, Çagay
    Published: 7-2023
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    The implementation of projects often affects employment through direct job creation, indirectly stimulating employment, or increasing labour force participation. These changes in employment have significant benefits and costs to both labour and... more

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    The implementation of projects often affects employment through direct job creation, indirectly stimulating employment, or increasing labour force participation. These changes in employment have significant benefits and costs to both labour and society. However, the estimation of job creation benefits is challenging because of the large diversities in labour inputs. We attempt to address this issue by using the supply price approach to develop an analytical framework based on sound microeconomic principles to assist project analysts to arrive at justifiable empirical estimates of the economic opportunity cost of labour for a wide range of labour types across a set of diverse situations and market conditions in Ghana. Accordingly, the economic opportunity cost of labour will vary by skill, location, and labour market conditions that need to be incorporated into its estimation. In this analysis, the estimation has been carried out to quantify the economic opportunity cost of labour, as well as the labour externalities corresponding to the two broad categories of labour: skilled and unskilled. Similarly, these estimates refer to groups of labour according to areas of residence: rural and urban.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Queen's Economics Department working paper ; no. 1513
    Subjects: renewable energy subsidy; distributed energy resources; feed-in tariff; stakeholder analysis; benefit-cost analysis; Ontario; Canada
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten)
  12. Renewable energy support through feed-in tariffs
    a retrospective stakeholder analysis
    Author: Hashemi, Majid; Jenkins, Glenn P.; Milne, Frank
    Published: 8-2023
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    This study develops a generalized evaluation framework that can be used to quantify the financial, economic, stakeholder, and environmental impacts of renewable energy support programs. The application of this framework is demonstrated by evaluating... more

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    This study develops a generalized evaluation framework that can be used to quantify the financial, economic, stakeholder, and environmental impacts of renewable energy support programs. The application of this framework is demonstrated by evaluating the Feed-In Tariff (FIT) program for solar distributed energy resources (DER) in Ontario, Canada. Our analysis reveals that Ontario's FIT program has successfully promoted the adoption of solar DER across communities. However, the program has caused inequitable societal outcomes through a crosssubsidization with a present value of 9 CAD billion, paid for by the electricity consumer base for the benefit of only the 0.06 percent of electricity consumers who could install solar systems. The cost imposed on the Canadian economy ranges from 2.86 to 5.37 CAD billion, depending on the discount rate applied. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the burden of this program on the Canadian economy would have been reduced by 50 percent if the program had been delayed and implemented in 2016 instead of 2010 due to the declining trend in solar system investment costs. The lessons from this analysis provide insights for designing future environmental and emission reduction policies.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Queen's Economics Department working paper ; no. 1514
    Subjects: renewable energy subsidy; distributed energy resources; feed-in tariff; stakeholderanalysis; benefit-cost analysis; Ontario; Canada
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)