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  1. Trading together
    reviving Middle East and North Africa regional integration in the post-Covid era
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    The MENA Economic Update is a product of the World Bank's Office of the Chief Economist for the Middle East and North Africa. This presents the short-term, macroeconomic outlook and economic challenges facing countries in the region more

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    The MENA Economic Update is a product of the World Bank's Office of the Chief Economist for the Middle East and North Africa. This presents the short-term, macroeconomic outlook and economic challenges facing countries in the region

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464816390
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34516
    Series: MENA economic update ; October 2020
    Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, October 2020
    Subjects: Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration; Coronavirus; Wirkungsanalyse; Mittlerer Osten; Nordafrika; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; CURRENT ACCOUNT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; EXTERNAL BALANCE; FISCAL TRENDS; OIL EXPORTERS; OIL IMPORTERS; OIL PRICES; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PRODUCTIVITY; REGIONAL INTEGRATION; TRADE POLICY
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 120 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The cost of staying healthy
    Published: October 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Latin America and the Caribbean was hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic, which arrived on the back of years of disappointing economic growth and limited social progress, and after a wave of social unrest. This report reviews the impacts of the crisis... more

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    Latin America and the Caribbean was hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic, which arrived on the back of years of disappointing economic growth and limited social progress, and after a wave of social unrest. This report reviews the impacts of the crisis as well as the policy responses by countries, which often involved sizeable social transfers. It also presents growth forecasts, and quarterly growth estimates based on satellite imagery. With countries experiencing a diverse mix of health costs and economic costs, the report analyzes how the effectiveness of containment policies, and their impact on economic activity, differ between richer and poorer countries. It also assesses the cost of staying healthy in normal times, showing how it is affected by the structure of the domestic pharmaceutical sector and by the effectiveness of public procurement of medicines. As the region may have to live with the virus for a while, four policy directions are proposed for discussion

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464816505
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34602
    Series: Semiannual report of the Latin America and Caribbean region ; October 2020
    LAC Semiannual Report ; October 2020
    Subjects: Gesundheitskosten; Gesundheitsvorsorge; Lateinamerika; Karibischer Raum; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; HOUSEHOLD INCOME; INEQUALITY; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; PANDEMIC IMPACT; TERMS OF TRADE; UNEMPLOYMENT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. COVID-19 and human capital
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    The COVID-19 pandemic has hit human capital directly in Europe and Central Asia, adversely affecting both education and health. School closures may lead to learning losses equivalent to a third to a full year of schooling, and they are likely to... more

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has hit human capital directly in Europe and Central Asia, adversely affecting both education and health. School closures may lead to learning losses equivalent to a third to a full year of schooling, and they are likely to exacerbate inequalities, by disproportionately affecting students from disadvantaged backgrounds. The disease has already killed thousands of people, and some patients who survive will suffer long-term damage to their health. Recovery from the pandemic will thus require strong investment in education and health. This update examines human capital outcomes in the region and the ways in which the pandemic is likely to affect them. A focus on the quality of tertiary education and health risk factors of obesity, smoking, and heavy drinking highlights the challenges that are particularly important for the region. Post-COVID 19 policy initiatives to improve education and health will need to recognize the challenges posed by increased reliance on remote learning and the importance of being prepared for future pandemics, given the vulnerability of the region’s aging societies and the large number of people with underlying health risks

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464816437
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34518
    Series: Europe and Central Asia economic update ; fall 2020
    Subjects: Humankapital; Coronavirus; Wirkungsanalyse; Europa; Zentralasien; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC SHOCK; FISCAL TRENDS; HUMAN CAPITAL; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 180 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Country partnership framework for the Republic of Rwanda
    FY21-FY26
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda

    Rwanda is widely celebrated for the remarkable social, political, and economic renaissance it has experienced in the years following the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994. However, Rwanda appears to have relatively higher poverty rates than African... more

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    Rwanda is widely celebrated for the remarkable social, political, and economic renaissance it has experienced in the years following the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994. However, Rwanda appears to have relatively higher poverty rates than African peers with similar income per capita, and its elasticity of poverty reduction to growth is low compared to high‐growing SSA peers. Poverty is concentrated in rural areas and among households with many children. Rwanda now faces challenges in fully translating its very strong growth into commensurate gains in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out the World Bank Group’s (WBG) plans for addressing the country’s development priorities as identified in the 2019 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) and Rwanda’s National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) well as supporting Rwanda’s response to the Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic to recover from the negative public health and socio‐economic impacts of the pandemic. The CPF takes into account Rwanda’s anti‐crisis response program as of mid‐May 2020, including the government’s emergency Economic Recovery Plan, although it will likely continue to evolve in coming months. It was agreed with the authorities that should the situation warrant considerable changes to the government’s strategy and its program with the WBG, the Performance and Learning Review (PLR) will be brought forward to accommodate such changes. The CPF spans two IDA cycles, IDA19 (July 2020 to June 2023) and IDA 20 (July 2023 to June 2026). Given the country’s preference for frontloading its IDA commitment, and a track record of making good use of additional IDA resources available, Rwanda will explore the use of additional resources from IDA windows

     
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  5. Managing the employment impacts of the COVID-19 crisis
    policy options for relief and restructuring
    Author: Carranza Noguera, Eliana; Farole, Thomas; Gentilini, Ugo; Morgandi, Matteo; Packard, Truman; Santos, Indhira; Weber, Michael
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Jobs, Washington, DC, USA

    This note discusses policy options for managing the employment impacts of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis aimed at relief and restructuring. The note pays attention to the labor market and institutional context of most low and middle-income... more

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    This note discusses policy options for managing the employment impacts of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis aimed at relief and restructuring. The note pays attention to the labor market and institutional context of most low and middle-income countries where informality is large and where existing institutions often lack mechanisms to effectively reach businesses and workers in the informal economy. The note covers complementary policies aimed, in the relief phase, at: 1) Helping businesses survive and retain workers; 2) providing protection for those who do lose their jobs and see their livelihoods significantly affected; and 3) facilitating alternative employment and employability support for those who are out of work (collectively known as active labor market programs, ALMP). The note further differentiates between these relief responses and the restructuring response when countries start to reopen for businesses and policies need to aim to support firms' and workers' transition to a "new normal", hopefully a "better normal" that supports a resilient recovery

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34263
    Series: Jobs working paper ; issue no. 49
    Subjects: Beschäftigungseffekt; Coronavirus; Coping-Strategie; ACCESS TO FINANCE; BUSINESS CONTINUITY; CASHFLOW; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC CRISIS; ECONOMIC RECOVERY; ECONOMIC RELIEF; EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDY; FIRM LIQUIDITY; INFORMAL SECTOR; JOBS; LABOR MARKET; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PUBLIC WORKS; SAFETY NETS; SELF-EMPLOYMENT; TARGETING; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT; WAGE SUBSIDY; WORKER RETENTION
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Jobs at risk in Turkey
    identifying the impact of COVID-19
    Author: Şeker, Sirma Demir; Nas Özen, Efşan; Acar Erdoğan, Ayşenur
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This paper analyzes to what extent jobs in different sectors of Turkey are vulnerable to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) crisis considering both effects specific to COVID-19, and sector- and employment-specific vulnerabilities. With this objective,... more

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    This paper analyzes to what extent jobs in different sectors of Turkey are vulnerable to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) crisis considering both effects specific to COVID-19, and sector- and employment-specific vulnerabilities. With this objective, first, the authors identify sectors that are most amenable to working from home. The authors then use this index and other dimensions of vulnerability to develop an employment vulnerability index for Turkey. The authors find that only 10 percent of workers in Turkey can work from home. Employment vulnerability is highest among textile and apparel, accommodation and food, and leather sectors; while jobs in information and communications technology (ICT) and finance are the least vulnerable. The authors find that overall, around 7 million workers are at the risk of losing their jobs due to the economic impacts of COVID-19

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34360
    Series: Social protection & jobs discussion paper ; no. 2004 (July 2020)
    Social Protection and Jobs Discussion Paper ; No. 2004
    Subjects: CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; EMPLOYMENT VULNERABILITY; FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; HOME-BASED WORK; LABOR MARKET; PANDEMIC IMPACT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Assessing the vulnerability of Armenian temporary labor migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Author: Honorati, Maddalena; Yi, Soonhwa; Choi, Seoeun
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This paper attempts to assess the vulnerability of Armenian temporary international labor migrants and their families to the labor market challenges posed by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. The authors estimate that about fifty percent of... more

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    This paper attempts to assess the vulnerability of Armenian temporary international labor migrants and their families to the labor market challenges posed by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. The authors estimate that about fifty percent of temporary labor migrants might have been unable to leave for Russia owing to travel restrictions. Many Armenian migrants in Russia are likely to lose jobs because of some halts in construction activities. Prospective migrants who were unable to leave Armenia are more likely to be jobless based on the employment status they had prior to departing for Russia. This would result in reducing remittances and exposing remittance-dependent households to precarious situations. Targeted policies to address this new vulnerable group are called for

     
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  8. From COVID-19 to climate change
    how Vietnam can become the champion of green recovery
    Author: Morisset, Jacques; Madani, Dorsati
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC, USA

    In these early days of De ... more

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    In these early days of De ...

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34961
    Series: Taking stock ; December 2020
    Subjects: Klimawandel; Coronavirus; Wirtschaftslage; Vietnam; CLIMATE CHANGE; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC PROSPECTS; ECONOMIC RESILIENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FISCAL POLICY; FISCAL TRENDS; GREEN GROWTH; MONETARY POLICY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; RECOVERY; RISKS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Uzbekistan
    dynamically identifying community-level COVID-19 impact risks
    Author: Seitz, William; Tulyakov, Eldor; Khakimov, Obid; Purevjav, Avralt-Od; Muradova, Sevilya
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    The authors build a new database of highly spatially disaggregated indicators related to risk and resilience to the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan. The outbreak disproportionately affects groups, the elderly, the... more

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    The authors build a new database of highly spatially disaggregated indicators related to risk and resilience to the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan. The outbreak disproportionately affects groups, the elderly, the poor, those living in areas under lockdown, and families who rely on remittance income are all examples of groups that are especially vulnerable to effects of the crisis in Uzbekistan. The authors assemble indicators summarizing concentrations of these and other risk factors at the lowest administrative level in the country, neighborhood-sized units called mahallas. Local official administrative statistics (published for the first time in this study) are combined with monthly panel survey data from the ongoing Listening to the Citizens of Uzbekistan project to produce an overall risk index, which is decomposable by dimension or risk factor to inform targeted and issue-specific responses. We then demonstrate a process for updating key indicators (such as employment or remittance flows) on a monthly basis using linked survey data combined with small area estimation techniques. These neighborhood-level results are intended to improve resource allocation decisions and are particularly relevant in Uzbekistan where local representatives are responsible for implementing key social and economic programs to respond to the outbreak

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34925
    Subjects: CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC SHOCK; ELDERLY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANEL SURVEY; POVERTY; SMALL AREA POVERTY ESTIMATION
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The impact of COVID-19 on foreign investors
    evidence from the quarterly global MNE pulse survey for the third quarter of 2020
    Author: Saurav, Abhishek; Kusek, Peter; Kuo, Ryan; Viney, Brody
    Published: December 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    As the COVID-19 crisis extends into the second half of 2020, the outlook for both the pandemic and the associated economic crisis remains highly uncertain. In this environment, multinational enterprises (MNEs) need to weather a prolonged economic... more

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    As the COVID-19 crisis extends into the second half of 2020, the outlook for both the pandemic and the associated economic crisis remains highly uncertain. In this environment, multinational enterprises (MNEs) need to weather a prolonged economic downturn while also navigating government policy responses to the pandemic and updating investment plans for an uncertain future. Given the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the crisis and recovery, especially for developing countries, the World Bank Group’s Global Investment Climate Unit is conducting quarterly pulse surveys of MNE affiliates throughout 2020 to gauge the pandemic’s effect on foreign investors. According to previous rounds of the survey, four in five MNE affiliates experienced reduced revenue and profits, and three in four experienced a decline in supply chain reliability in the first quarter of 2020 (Saurav, Kusek, and Kuo, April 2020). The adverse impacts became near-universal in the second quarter of 2020, with over 90 percent of MNEs experiencing adverse effects (Saurav, Kusek, Kuo, and Viney, September 2020). A third round of the quarterly pulse survey, reflecting the third quarter of 2020, was administered in October and November 2020. The survey results show that the pandemic’s adverse effects remained widespread for MNE affiliates in the third quarter, with only limited improvements expected in the fourth quarter. While these survey results may not be generalizable to all developing countries, they are directionally indicative of MNEs’ experiences in developing countries

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34924
    Subjects: Multinationales Unternehmen; Auslandsinvestition; Coronavirus; Entwicklungsländer; BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT; CAPITAL FLOWS; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; FDI POLICY; FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; INVESTMENT CLIMATE; MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION; MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE; PANDEMIC IMPACT; REGULATION; SUPPLY CHAINS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The Human Capital Index 2020 update
    human capital in the time of COVID-19
    Contributor: Gatti, Roberta (HerausgeberIn); Kraay, Aart (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Human capital - the knowl ... more

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    Human capital - the knowl ...

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Contributor: Gatti, Roberta (HerausgeberIn); Kraay, Aart (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464816475
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34432
    Series: The Human Capital Index 2020 update
    Subjects: Humankapital; Coronavirus; Index; Welt; COVID-19; Pandemie; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Armut; GENDER GAP; CHILD HEALTH; MATERNAL HEALTH; HEALTH SERVICES; ACCESS TO SANITATION; CASH TRANSFERS; FISCAL TRENDS; FISCAL SPACE; VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS; SOCIAL PROTECTION; EDUCATION QUALITY; SCHOOL ENROLLMENT; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT; CHILD MORTALITY; COVID-19; CORONAVIRUS; PANDEMIC IMPACT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, circa 214 Seiten), Diagramme, Illustrationen
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    Tabellen, Literaturverzeichnisse, Literaturhinweise
  12. Safeguarding human capital during and beyond COVID-19
    assessing Africa's policies and institutions
    Published: August 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    The 2020 Africa Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) report covers the period from January to December 2019. The addition of Somalia brought the number of the region’s International Development Association (IDA)–eligible countries to... more

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    The 2020 Africa Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) report covers the period from January to December 2019. The addition of Somalia brought the number of the region’s International Development Association (IDA)–eligible countries to 39. The overall CPIA score for the region’s 39 IDA-eligible countries came in at 3.1, the same as in the previous three years, in a context of moderating per capita growth. The average scores for most of the CPIA clusters trended down in 2019. While the average score for the economic management cluster was unchanged from last year’s assessment, the average scores for the other three clusters—structural policies, social inclusion, and public management and institutions—declined, indicating that the quality of policies and institutions in the region’s IDA countries weakened in 2019. The weakening of structural policies was reflected in the decline in the quality of trade policy, uneven improvements in the regulations affecting factor and product markets, and further deterioration of the financial sector performance. In the area of social inclusion, many countries experienced a decrease in the quality of service delivery that affects access to and quality of health and education services. In the broader area of governance, limited progress was made in strengthening property rights, and transparency and accountability. In addition, the quality of public administration declined, and financial management systems and revenue mobilization capacity weakened in many countries

     
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  13. The early labor market impacts of COVID-19 in developing countries
    evidence from high-frequency phone surveys
    Author: Khamis, Melanie; Prinz, Daniel; Newhouse, David; Palacios-Lopez, Amparo; Pape, Utz; Weber, Michael
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Jobs, Washington, DC, USA

    The economic crisis caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic sharply reduced mobility and economic activity, disrupting the lives of people around the globe. This brief presents estimates on the crisis’ impact on labor markets in thirty-nine... more

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    The economic crisis caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic sharply reduced mobility and economic activity, disrupting the lives of people around the globe. This brief presents estimates on the crisis’ impact on labor markets in thirty-nine countries based on high-frequency phone survey (HFPS) data collected between April and July 2020. Workers in these countries experienced severe labor market disruptions following the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Thirty-four percent of respondents reported stopping work, twenty percent of wage workers reported lack of payment for work performed, nine percent reported job changes due to the pandemic, and sixty-two percent reported income loss in their household. Measures of work stoppage and income loss in the HFPS are generally consistent with gross domestic products (GDP) growth projections in Latin America and the Caribbean but not in Sub-Saharan Africa, indicating that the phone survey data contributes valuable new information about the impacts of the crisis. Ensuring availability of such critical data in the future will require investments into statistical and physical infrastructure as well as human capital to set up Emergency Observatories, which can rapidly deploy phone surveys to inform decision makers

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/35044
    Series: Jobs working paper ; issue no. 58
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Beschäftigungseffekt; Entwicklungsländer; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; EMPLOYMENT; LABOR MARKET; LABOR MOBILITY; LOCKDOWN; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PHONE SURVEY
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Mitigation and adaptation to sanctions and the pandemic
    special focus 1: The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Iran: a Preliminary Assessment : special focus 2: Understanding Poverty Trends in Iran during 2016/17–2018/19 with Poverty Simulation from Gasoline Reform and the COVID-19 Outbreak
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    The recession in Iran accelerated in 2019-20 as United States (U.S.) sanctions further tightened. Inflation has gradually declined as the impact of the sharp depreciation of the rial in 2018-19 dissipated but foreign exchange reserves remain limited.... more

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    The recession in Iran accelerated in 2019-20 as United States (U.S.) sanctions further tightened. Inflation has gradually declined as the impact of the sharp depreciation of the rial in 2018-19 dissipated but foreign exchange reserves remain limited. The growing gross borrowing needs has increased the government’s reliance on debt issuance and withdrawals from strategic reserves. Negative economic growth and high inflation coupled with COVID-19 (Coronavirus) will put further pressure on household livelihoods in 2020-21. The current unique situation of Iran’s economy presents significant downside risks for the baseline macroeconomic outlook. The country’s economic and social challenges disproportionately impact the lower income decile households who have faced significant economic pressure. Any increase in the value of cash transfers, along with introducing targeting mechanisms, can help the poor cope with the social-economic shocks, but fiscal constraints may limit the scope for significant response

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34045
    Series: Iran economic monitor ; Spring 2020
    Subjects: Wirtschaftslage; Armutsbekämpfung; Coronavirus; Sanktion; Iran; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EMPLOYMENT; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FISCAL TRENDS; GASOLINE SUBSIDY; INEQUALITY; LABOR MARKET; MONETARY POLICY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; POVERTY; RISK MANAGEMENT; SANCTIONS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Towards a sustained recovery
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, [Washington, DC]

    This report uses innovative data to investigate the economic impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Timor-Leste is a relatively data-scarce country, which poses a considerable challenge for real-time evidence-based policymaking. Data on... more

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    This report uses innovative data to investigate the economic impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Timor-Leste is a relatively data-scarce country, which poses a considerable challenge for real-time evidence-based policymaking. Data on overall economic activity is published on an annual basis, household and enterprise surveys are infrequent, and administrative data is often inaccessible or incomplete. Proxy indicators are typically used to gauge recent economic trends. However, the breadth and depth of the shocks induced by Coronavirus (COVID-19) call for the use of novel high frequency data sources to better monitor their economic impacts. Therefore, this report uses data on human mobility, online and social media, transport traffic and satellite imagery. These alternative sources of data provide a valuable complement to existing official statistics by offering additional insights on economic activity. Findings from existing Coronavirus (COVID-19) surveys are also reported

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    hdl: 10986/34748
    Series: Timor-Leste economic report ; October 2020
    Subjects: CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC RECOVERY; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FISCAL TRENDS; LIVING STANDARDS; MONETARY POLICY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; POVERTY; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE; RISKS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. An uncertain recovery
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    As elsewhere in the world, in the Western Balkans the COVID-19 pandemic has plunged countries into deep recession. Because of the recession, labor market conditions have taken a turn for the worse and welfare improvements have been interrupted,... more

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    As elsewhere in the world, in the Western Balkans the COVID-19 pandemic has plunged countries into deep recession. Because of the recession, labor market conditions have taken a turn for the worse and welfare improvements have been interrupted, although government response measures cushioned the blow. Policy efforts in the region need to remain focused on fighting the pandemic, limiting the economic damage and facilitating recovery

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    hdl: 10986/34644
    Series: Western Balkans regular economic report ; no. 18 (Fall 2020)
    Subjects: CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC RECESSION; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FINANCIAL SECTOR; FISCAL TRENDS; INFLATION; JOB SUPPORT PROGRAM; LABOR MARKET; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; POLICY REFORM; POVERTY REDUCTION
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Reacting Quickly and Protecting Jobs
    The Short-Term Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Greek Labor Market
    Author: Betcherman, Gordon; Giannakopoulos, Nicholas; Laliotis, Ioannis; Pantelaiou, Ioanna; Testaverde, Mauro; Tzimas, Giannis
    Published: 2020

    This paper uses administrative, survey, and online vacancy data to analyze the short-term labor market impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. The analysis finds that flows into unemployment have not increased; instead, separations were lower... more

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    This paper uses administrative, survey, and online vacancy data to analyze the short-term labor market impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. The analysis finds that flows into unemployment have not increased; instead, separations were lower than would have been expected given trends in recent years. At the same time, employment was about 12 percent lower at the end of June than it would have been without the pandemic. The interrupted time-series and difference-in-differences estimates indicate that this was due to a dramatic slowdown in hiring during months when job creation typically peaks in normal years, mostly in tourism. Although the reasons for these patterns are not formally tested, the analysis suggests that the measures introduced to mitigate the effects of the crisis in Greece played an important role. These measures prohibited layoffs in industries affected by the crisis and tied the major form of income support to the maintenance of employment relationships

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Series: Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 9356
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Lockdown; Beschäftigungseffekt; Arbeitsmarkt; Griechenland; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR MARKET; PANDEMIC IMPACT; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFIT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource
    Notes:

    Europe and Central Asia

    Greece
  18. Jobs diagnostic Dominican Republic
    Author: Winkler, Hernan; Montenegro, Miriam
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    By many measures, the Dominican Republic experienced a stellar economic performance since the early 2000s. Upon closer inspection, however, progress has been slower than the aggregate indicators suggest. The fact that economic growth did not fully... more

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    By many measures, the Dominican Republic experienced a stellar economic performance since the early 2000s. Upon closer inspection, however, progress has been slower than the aggregate indicators suggest. The fact that economic growth did not fully translate into higher job quality may help explain why the country’s poverty indicators only declined at the same average pace as other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, even though its per capita gross domestic product (GDP) grew almost twice as fast as the regional average. This Jobs Diagnostic argues that the main labor market challenge facing the Dominican Republic is how to increase the quality of jobs in a sustained manner. Meeting this challenge is important both for achieving greater poverty reduction and shared prosperity in the medium term, as well as for rendering jobs less vulnerable to the risks posed by longer-term automation and globalization trends. This report presents new findings on the main bottlenecks that are hindering the creation of better jobs in the Dominican Republic and outlines the elements of a jobs strategy that can help remove them

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/35535
    Series: Job series ; issue no. 28
    Subjects: Arbeitsmarkt; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Dominikanische Republik; BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; EMPLOYMENT; GENDER; JOB QUALITY; LABOR DEMAND; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR MARKET; LABOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT; MIGRATION; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; WAGE-PRODUCTIVITY GAP
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 98 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dominican Republic

    Latin America & Caribbean
  19. Subdued recovery
    Author: Kikoni, Edith; De Armas, Enrique Blanco
    Published: World Bank Group

    In 2020 COVID-19 (coronavirus) plunged the Western Balkan countries, like the rest of the world, into deep recession. Economic activity contracted by an estimated 3.4 percent - the worst downturn on record. The primary causes were the drop in both... more

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    In 2020 COVID-19 (coronavirus) plunged the Western Balkan countries, like the rest of the world, into deep recession. Economic activity contracted by an estimated 3.4 percent - the worst downturn on record. The primary causes were the drop in both domestic and foreign demand and disruptions in supply chains, especially early in the year when activity in a number of sectors simply shut down. Countries like Montenegro that have a services or tourism-oriented economy, and those where more stringent containment measures and lockdowns were imposed fared the worst. The economy began to reactivate in Q3 2020, supported by a partial easing of stringent lockdowns and the revival of global demand as vaccine development advanced. However, in late 2020 restrictions were renewed in response to a resurgence of infections across most of the region; they have kept the recovery subdued. The crisis has led to significant job losses and interruptions in welfare improvements, but the labor market is rebounding from the troughs of the recession. As noted in the Fall 2020 Regular Economic Report (RER), the pandemic halted a decade of progress in boosting incomes and reducing poverty: Since its start 139,000 jobs have been lost and between 165,000 and 336,000 people in theregion were pushed into poverty. However, job support schemes and other government measures limited the labor market fallout and helped to prevent steeper spikes in poverty. By yearend, the labor market had recovered half its pandemic losses, but large numbers of people are still unemployed, and many dropped out of the labor force discouraged by the poor economic prospects. Moreover, workers with less education, women, youth, those in contact-intensive sectors, and those informally employed have suffered disproportionate livelihood and income losses

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/35509
    Series: Western Balkans regular economic report ; no. 19 (Spring 2021)
    Subjects: CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; COVID-19 VACCINATION; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC RECESSION; ECONOMIC RECOVERY; EXTERNAL IMBALANCES; FISCAL SUPPORT; INFLATION; INFORMALITY; LABOR MARKET; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; POVERTY
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Albania

    Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Eastern Europe

    Europe and Central Asia

    Kosovo

    Montenegro

    North Macedonia (Formerly the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)

    Serbia
  20. Living with debt
    how institutions can chart a path to recovery in the Middle East and North Africa
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be... more

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    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be 7.2% below where it would be in 2021 without the pandemic. The region’s average GDP per capita is estimated to have declined 5.3 percent in 2020 and expected to rebound by only 0.6 percent in 2021. The number of poor people in the region—those making less than the $5.50 per day poverty line—is expected to increase from 176 million in 2019 to a conservative estimate of 192 million people by the end of 2021. The region’s public debt is expected to rise significantly. Most notably, MENA oil importers have the highest levels of debt. As the region copes with the economic consequences of the pandemic, most countries will face tensions between short-term needs and the long-term risks of debt-financed government spending. Countries must make tough choices along the road to recovery. During the pandemic, fiscal spending is arguably best used to support vulnerable families and invest in public health—such as disease surveillance, data transparency, and vaccinations. Public health investment as a short-term response to the pandemic could also bring long-term gains. As the pandemic subsides, there are good reasons to be cautious with additional fiscal stimulus, especially for countries with high debt, poor governance, and lack of transparency. After the pandemic, economic growth remains the most sustainable way to reduce the debt-GDP ratio, and this requires much-needed deep structural reforms. Strong institutions can chart a path to recovery. Investing in testing, disease surveillance, and data transparency can reduce the economic costs of the pandemic. As the pandemic subsides, effective and transparent pandemic surveillance would help boost demand from domestic and foreign sources. Good governance in public investment decisions can raise the effectiveness of public investment. Public debt transparency can help reduce borrowing costs. Institutional reforms can be implemented with limited fiscal costs and hold the promise of boosting long-run growth

     
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  21. Managing the employment impacts of the COVID-19 crisis
    policy options for relief and restructuring
    Author: Carranza Noguera, Eliana; Farole, Thomas; Gentilini, Ugo; Morgandi, Matteo; Packard, Truman; Santos, Indhira; Weber, Michael
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Jobs, Washington, DC, USA

    This note discusses policy options for managing the employment impacts of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis aimed at relief and restructuring. The note pays attention to the labor market and institutional context of most low and middle-income... more

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    This note discusses policy options for managing the employment impacts of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis aimed at relief and restructuring. The note pays attention to the labor market and institutional context of most low and middle-income countries where informality is large and where existing institutions often lack mechanisms to effectively reach businesses and workers in the informal economy. The note covers complementary policies aimed, in the relief phase, at: 1) Helping businesses survive and retain workers; 2) providing protection for those who do lose their jobs and see their livelihoods significantly affected; and 3) facilitating alternative employment and employability support for those who are out of work (collectively known as active labor market programs, ALMP). The note further differentiates between these relief responses and the restructuring response when countries start to reopen for businesses and policies need to aim to support firms' and workers' transition to a "new normal", hopefully a "better normal" that supports a resilient recovery

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    hdl: 10986/34263
    Series: Jobs working paper ; issue no. 49
    Subjects: Beschäftigungseffekt; Coronavirus; Coping-Strategie; ACCESS TO FINANCE; BUSINESS CONTINUITY; CASHFLOW; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC CRISIS; ECONOMIC RECOVERY; ECONOMIC RELIEF; EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDY; FIRM LIQUIDITY; INFORMAL SECTOR; JOBS; LABOR MARKET; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PUBLIC WORKS; SAFETY NETS; SELF-EMPLOYMENT; TARGETING; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT; WAGE SUBSIDY; WORKER RETENTION
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. From COVID-19 to climate change
    how Vietnam can become the champion of green recovery
    Author: Morisset, Jacques; Madani, Dorsati
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC, USA

    In these early days of De ... more

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    In these early days of De ...

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Series: Taking stock ; December 2020
    Subjects: Klimawandel; Coronavirus; Wirtschaftslage; Vietnam; CLIMATE CHANGE; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC PROSPECTS; ECONOMIC RESILIENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FISCAL POLICY; FISCAL TRENDS; GREEN GROWTH; MONETARY POLICY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; RECOVERY; RISKS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Uzbekistan
    dynamically identifying community-level COVID-19 impact risks
    Author: Seitz, William; Tulyakov, Eldor; Khakimov, Obid; Purevjav, Avralt-Od; Muradova, Sevilya
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    The authors build a new database of highly spatially disaggregated indicators related to risk and resilience to the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan. The outbreak disproportionately affects groups, the elderly, the... more

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    The authors build a new database of highly spatially disaggregated indicators related to risk and resilience to the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan. The outbreak disproportionately affects groups, the elderly, the poor, those living in areas under lockdown, and families who rely on remittance income are all examples of groups that are especially vulnerable to effects of the crisis in Uzbekistan. The authors assemble indicators summarizing concentrations of these and other risk factors at the lowest administrative level in the country, neighborhood-sized units called mahallas. Local official administrative statistics (published for the first time in this study) are combined with monthly panel survey data from the ongoing Listening to the Citizens of Uzbekistan project to produce an overall risk index, which is decomposable by dimension or risk factor to inform targeted and issue-specific responses. We then demonstrate a process for updating key indicators (such as employment or remittance flows) on a monthly basis using linked survey data combined with small area estimation techniques. These neighborhood-level results are intended to improve resource allocation decisions and are particularly relevant in Uzbekistan where local representatives are responsible for implementing key social and economic programs to respond to the outbreak

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34925
    Subjects: CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC SHOCK; ELDERLY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANEL SURVEY; POVERTY; SMALL AREA POVERTY ESTIMATION
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. The impact of COVID-19 on foreign investors
    evidence from the quarterly global MNE pulse survey for the third quarter of 2020
    Author: Saurav, Abhishek; Kusek, Peter; Kuo, Ryan; Viney, Brody
    Published: December 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    As the COVID-19 crisis extends into the second half of 2020, the outlook for both the pandemic and the associated economic crisis remains highly uncertain. In this environment, multinational enterprises (MNEs) need to weather a prolonged economic... more

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    As the COVID-19 crisis extends into the second half of 2020, the outlook for both the pandemic and the associated economic crisis remains highly uncertain. In this environment, multinational enterprises (MNEs) need to weather a prolonged economic downturn while also navigating government policy responses to the pandemic and updating investment plans for an uncertain future. Given the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the crisis and recovery, especially for developing countries, the World Bank Group’s Global Investment Climate Unit is conducting quarterly pulse surveys of MNE affiliates throughout 2020 to gauge the pandemic’s effect on foreign investors. According to previous rounds of the survey, four in five MNE affiliates experienced reduced revenue and profits, and three in four experienced a decline in supply chain reliability in the first quarter of 2020 (Saurav, Kusek, and Kuo, April 2020). The adverse impacts became near-universal in the second quarter of 2020, with over 90 percent of MNEs experiencing adverse effects (Saurav, Kusek, Kuo, and Viney, September 2020). A third round of the quarterly pulse survey, reflecting the third quarter of 2020, was administered in October and November 2020. The survey results show that the pandemic’s adverse effects remained widespread for MNE affiliates in the third quarter, with only limited improvements expected in the fourth quarter. While these survey results may not be generalizable to all developing countries, they are directionally indicative of MNEs’ experiences in developing countries

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34924
    Subjects: Multinationales Unternehmen; Auslandsinvestition; Coronavirus; Entwicklungsländer; BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT; CAPITAL FLOWS; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; FDI POLICY; FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; INVESTMENT CLIMATE; MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION; MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE; PANDEMIC IMPACT; REGULATION; SUPPLY CHAINS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Reacting Quickly and Protecting Jobs
    The Short-Term Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Greek Labor Market
    Author: Betcherman, Gordon; Giannakopoulos, Nicholas; Laliotis, Ioannis; Pantelaiou, Ioanna; Testaverde, Mauro; Tzimas, Giannis
    Published: 2020

    This paper uses administrative, survey, and online vacancy data to analyze the short-term labor market impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. The analysis finds that flows into unemployment have not increased; instead, separations were lower... more

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    This paper uses administrative, survey, and online vacancy data to analyze the short-term labor market impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. The analysis finds that flows into unemployment have not increased; instead, separations were lower than would have been expected given trends in recent years. At the same time, employment was about 12 percent lower at the end of June than it would have been without the pandemic. The interrupted time-series and difference-in-differences estimates indicate that this was due to a dramatic slowdown in hiring during months when job creation typically peaks in normal years, mostly in tourism. Although the reasons for these patterns are not formally tested, the analysis suggests that the measures introduced to mitigate the effects of the crisis in Greece played an important role. These measures prohibited layoffs in industries affected by the crisis and tied the major form of income support to the maintenance of employment relationships

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Format: Online
    Series: Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 9356
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Lockdown; Beschäftigungseffekt; Arbeitsmarkt; Griechenland; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR MARKET; PANDEMIC IMPACT; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFIT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource
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    Europe and Central Asia

    Greece