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  1. The broad-based upturn, but for how long?
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, D.C

    The global economy is in a broad-based cyclical recovery. Investment, manufacturing and trade are on the rebound. Financing conditions are benign, monetary policies are generally accommodative, and the worst impacts of the recent commodity price... more

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    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The global economy is in a broad-based cyclical recovery. Investment, manufacturing and trade are on the rebound. Financing conditions are benign, monetary policies are generally accommodative, and the worst impacts of the recent commodity price collapse have begun to dissipate. However, the global economic outlook remains clouded by a number of risks. These include the possibility of financial market disruptions, rising protectionist sentiment, and heightened geopolitical tensions. Of particular concern is evidence of subdued productivity and slowing potential growth. In addition to discussing global and regional economic developments and prospects, this edition of Global Economic Prospects includes a chapter on the causes of the broad-based slowing of potential growth and suggests remedies. The report also contains Special Focus sections on the impact of the 2014-2016 oil price collapse and the relationship between education demographics and global inequality. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing countries, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464812453
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/28932
    Series: Global economic prospects ; January 2018
    A World Bank Group flagship report
    Subjects: COMMODITY PRICES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING ECONOMIES; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC PROSPECTS; EDUCATION; EMERGING MARKETS; GLOBAL ECONOMY; INEQUALITY; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; LABOR MARKET; OIL PRICE; REGIONAL OUTLOOKS; SHALE OIL; TRADE PROTECTIONISM
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 264 Seiten)
  2. Income distribution, international integration and sustained poverty reduction
    Author: Goldberg, Pinelopi K.; Reed, Tristan
    Published: July 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group, Washington, DC, USA

    What is the pathway to development in a world with less international integration? This paper answers this question within a model that emphasizes the role of demand-side constraints on national development, which is identified with sustained poverty... more

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    What is the pathway to development in a world with less international integration? This paper answers this question within a model that emphasizes the role of demand-side constraints on national development, which is identified with sustained poverty reduction. In this framework, development is linked to the adoption of an increasing returns to scale technology by imperfectly competitive firms that need to pay the fixed setup cost of switching to that technology. Sustained poverty reduction is measured as a continuous decline in the share of the population living below $1.90/day purchasing power parity in 2011 US dollars over a five year period. This outcome is affected in a statistically significant and economically meaningful way by domestic market size, which is measured as function of the income distribution, and international market size, which is measured as a function of legally-binding provisions to international trade agreements, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the World Trade Organization and 279 preferential trade agreements. Counterfactual estimates suggest that, in the absence of international integration, the average resident of a low or lower-middle income country does not live in a market large enough to experience sustained poverty reduction.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34260
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9342
    Subjects: ACCESS TO MARKETS; INCOME DISTRIBUTION; INEQUALITY; MARKET SIZE; POVERTY; POVERTY REDUCTION; PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS; REGIONAL INTEGRATION; TRADE AGREEMENTS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Gesehen am 10.08.2020
  3. The cost of staying healthy
    Published: October 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Latin America and the Caribbean was hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic, which arrived on the back of years of disappointing economic growth and limited social progress, and after a wave of social unrest. This report reviews the impacts of the crisis... more

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    Latin America and the Caribbean was hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic, which arrived on the back of years of disappointing economic growth and limited social progress, and after a wave of social unrest. This report reviews the impacts of the crisis as well as the policy responses by countries, which often involved sizeable social transfers. It also presents growth forecasts, and quarterly growth estimates based on satellite imagery. With countries experiencing a diverse mix of health costs and economic costs, the report analyzes how the effectiveness of containment policies, and their impact on economic activity, differ between richer and poorer countries. It also assesses the cost of staying healthy in normal times, showing how it is affected by the structure of the domestic pharmaceutical sector and by the effectiveness of public procurement of medicines. As the region may have to live with the virus for a while, four policy directions are proposed for discussion

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464816505
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34602
    Series: Semiannual report of the Latin America and Caribbean region ; October 2020
    LAC Semiannual Report ; October 2020
    Subjects: Gesundheitskosten; Gesundheitsvorsorge; Lateinamerika; Karibischer Raum; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; HOUSEHOLD INCOME; INEQUALITY; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; PANDEMIC IMPACT; TERMS OF TRADE; UNEMPLOYMENT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Country partnership framework for the Republic of Rwanda
    FY21-FY26
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda

    Rwanda is widely celebrated for the remarkable social, political, and economic renaissance it has experienced in the years following the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994. However, Rwanda appears to have relatively higher poverty rates than African... more

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    Rwanda is widely celebrated for the remarkable social, political, and economic renaissance it has experienced in the years following the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994. However, Rwanda appears to have relatively higher poverty rates than African peers with similar income per capita, and its elasticity of poverty reduction to growth is low compared to high‐growing SSA peers. Poverty is concentrated in rural areas and among households with many children. Rwanda now faces challenges in fully translating its very strong growth into commensurate gains in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out the World Bank Group’s (WBG) plans for addressing the country’s development priorities as identified in the 2019 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) and Rwanda’s National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) well as supporting Rwanda’s response to the Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic to recover from the negative public health and socio‐economic impacts of the pandemic. The CPF takes into account Rwanda’s anti‐crisis response program as of mid‐May 2020, including the government’s emergency Economic Recovery Plan, although it will likely continue to evolve in coming months. It was agreed with the authorities that should the situation warrant considerable changes to the government’s strategy and its program with the WBG, the Performance and Learning Review (PLR) will be brought forward to accommodate such changes. The CPF spans two IDA cycles, IDA19 (July 2020 to June 2023) and IDA 20 (July 2023 to June 2026). Given the country’s preference for frontloading its IDA commitment, and a track record of making good use of additional IDA resources available, Rwanda will explore the use of additional resources from IDA windows

     
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  5. Islamic Republic of Pakistan
    leveling the playing field : systematic country diagnostic
    Published: September 16, 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD)—the first to be conducted in Pakistan—is aimed at informing Pakistan’s ongoing structural reform process and providing an analytical base for the World Bank Group’s (WBG) engagement moving forward. It presents... more

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    This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD)—the first to be conducted in Pakistan—is aimed at informing Pakistan’s ongoing structural reform process and providing an analytical base for the World Bank Group’s (WBG) engagement moving forward. It presents a timely and evidence-based assessment of the constraints that the country needs to address, and the opportunities that it can embrace, to sustainably accelerate progress toward the goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity. The SCD, while focusing on developments in the past two decades, builds on the extensive analytical work conducted under the “Pakistan100 – Shaping the Future” study and reflects inputs from the WBG’s previous and ongoing stakeholder consultations. This SCD was completed before the COVID-19 pandemic struck, and the analysis presented in the report primarily uses data released up until end-February 2020

     
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  6. Fiscal adjustment in Latin America and the Caribbean
    short-run pain, long-run gain? : semiannual report Office of the Regional Chief Economist, April 2018
    Author: Végh, Carlos A.; Vuletin, Guillermo; Riera-Crichton, Daniel; Friedheim, Diego; Morano, Luis; Camarena, José Andrée
    Published: April 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC, USA

    After a growth slowdown that lasted six years, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has finally turned the corner and resumed growth at a modest rate of 1.1 percent in 2017 and 1.8 percent expected in 2018. This reflects a more favorable... more

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    After a growth slowdown that lasted six years, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has finally turned the corner and resumed growth at a modest rate of 1.1 percent in 2017 and 1.8 percent expected in 2018. This reflects a more favorable external environment, particularly a recovery in commodity prices. In spite of the benign external environment, most LAC countries still face a fragile fiscal situation. While gradual fiscal adjustments have started in several countries, most countries are still running fiscal deficits and debt levels are high. Further fiscal consolidation is needed to preserve the substantial gains achieved by the region in recent times, in terms of lower inflation, less poverty and inequality, and inclusive growth. This Semiannual Report analyzes the complex decisions regarding fiscal adjustment policies

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464812903
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/29666
    Series: LAC Semiannual Report ; April 2018
    Subjects: Haushaltsdefizit; Haushaltskonsolidierung; Lateinamerika; Karibischer Raum; ELASTICITY; FISCAL ADJUSTMENT; FISCAL TRENDS; GROWTH; HOUSEHOLD INCOME INEQUALITY; INEQUALITY; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR INCOME INEQUALITY; SLOWDOWN; TERMS OF TRADE; UNEMPLOYMENT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Building human capital
    lessons from country experiences : Philippines
    Author: King, Elizabeth M.
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Human capital is the Philippines’ most important resource. Two examples of its benefit to the country: remittances from skilled and semi-skilled workers who work abroad amount to about 10 percent of its GDP, and it is one of the top destinations for... more

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    Human capital is the Philippines’ most important resource. Two examples of its benefit to the country: remittances from skilled and semi-skilled workers who work abroad amount to about 10 percent of its GDP, and it is one of the top destinations for foreign enterprises seeking educated workers for outsourcing their business processes. However, the Philippines has been losing its human capital edge over the past decades, with critical gaps in access to social services and in the quality of those services. In 2018, its rating on the Human Capital Index, a composite measure based on survival rates, the quantity and quality of schooling, and health status, was 0.55, putting it just ahead of Indonesia but well below Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Within the past decade, the Philippines adopted an ambitious national social agenda that, if implemented well, funded adequately, and monitored assiduously, could put it back on a more robust human development path. All efforts should be made, however, to safeguard this promising agenda from the implementation problems that evidence suggests have subverted the country’s past performance, weak governance, selfish political interest, and widespread corruption. Sound policies won’t lead to progress unless they are implemented well across the agencies and levels of government

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34207
    Subjects: Humankapital; Index; Wirtschaftsindikator; Philippinen; EDUCATION SPENDING; HUMAN CAPITAL; HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX; INEQUALITY; NUTRITION; POPULATION GROWTH; PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS; SCHOOL ENROLLMENT; SERVICE DELIVERY; TERTIARY EDUCATION
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Building human capital
    lessons from country experiences : Morocco
    Author: Benkassmi, M.; Abdelkhalek, Touhami
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This case study examines the policies, programs and processes undertaken in Morocco to improve its human capital outcomes since the 1990s. Sustained political commitment to education as a national priority across successive governments meant that... more

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    This case study examines the policies, programs and processes undertaken in Morocco to improve its human capital outcomes since the 1990s. Sustained political commitment to education as a national priority across successive governments meant that while the net enrollment rate in primary school was 52.4 percent in 1990, by 2013 it has risen to over 98 percent. Not only are boys and girls enrolled at similar rates, rural areas were able to catch up to urban areas. Since 2000, investments in education have been large and sustained, between 5 and 6 percent of GDP. While still under implementation, the current strategic vision 2015-2030 seeks to provide equity and quality for all, particularly those from rural and less developed regions in Morocco. Just as the government has stepped up its investments in education it has sought to tackle a variety of health challenges simultaneously. Reductions in infant and maternal mortality, curbing the fertility rate, limiting communicable and non-communicable diseases and improving the nutritional status of Moroccan children were prioritized not only through the development and better geographic distribution of health care services but also by encouraging a shift towards health insurance coverage in order to help citizens, particularly the poor, afford health care. A diligent immunization policy meant that 91 percent of Moroccan children are fully immunized. Coupled with this has been careful management of communicable diseases, including through the use of international partnerships. As the country grapples with the next wave of challenges, the case study proposed the need to pursue more integrated multisectoral policies that not only address the interplay between health and education but a broad range of sectors including but not limited to transport, infrastructure, and the labor market. It proposes the broad outlines of a series of actions that will be critical to continue to build the human capital of generations to come

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34208
    Subjects: Humankapital; Index; Wirtschaftsindikator; Marokko; EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT; EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION; EDUCATION POLCY; EDUCATION REFORM; HEALTH EXPENDITURE; HEALTH INSURANCE; HEALTHCARE SERVICES; HUMAN CAPITAL INDICATORS; INEQUALITY; LABOR MARKET; SCHOOL ENROLLMENT; SECONDARY EDUCATION; UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Welfare, shocks, and government spending on social protection programs in Lesotho
    Author: Boko, Joachim; Raju, Dhushyanth; Younger, Stephen D.
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This paper assesses the performance of government spending on social protection programs in reducing poverty and inequality in Lesotho, applying benefit incidence and microsimulation methods to 2017-2018 household survey data. The paper investigates... more

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    This paper assesses the performance of government spending on social protection programs in reducing poverty and inequality in Lesotho, applying benefit incidence and microsimulation methods to 2017-2018 household survey data. The paper investigates the distributional effects of actual spending on social protection programs as well as those of a hypothetical alternative in which the spending is targeted through a proxy means test (PMT) formula used by the government for some programs. In addition, the paper explores the responsiveness of social protection programs to adverse shocks commonly reported by households in Lesotho, where recent natural shocks have had substantial economic effects

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/35046
    Series: Social protection & jobs discussion paper ; no. 2102 (January 2021)
    Social Protection and Jobs Discussion Paper ; No. 2102
    Subjects: Sozialpolitik; Soziale Sicherheit; coverage; incidence; effectiveness; social protection; pensions; simulations; shocks; Lesotho; social assistance; safety nets; INEQUALITY; POVERTY; POVERTY LINE; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE; FOOD PRICE SUBSIDY; ECONOMIC SHOCK; SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS; VULNERABILITY
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Mitigation and adaptation to sanctions and the pandemic
    special focus 1: The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Iran: a Preliminary Assessment : special focus 2: Understanding Poverty Trends in Iran during 2016/17–2018/19 with Poverty Simulation from Gasoline Reform and the COVID-19 Outbreak
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    The recession in Iran accelerated in 2019-20 as United States (U.S.) sanctions further tightened. Inflation has gradually declined as the impact of the sharp depreciation of the rial in 2018-19 dissipated but foreign exchange reserves remain limited.... more

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    The recession in Iran accelerated in 2019-20 as United States (U.S.) sanctions further tightened. Inflation has gradually declined as the impact of the sharp depreciation of the rial in 2018-19 dissipated but foreign exchange reserves remain limited. The growing gross borrowing needs has increased the government’s reliance on debt issuance and withdrawals from strategic reserves. Negative economic growth and high inflation coupled with COVID-19 (Coronavirus) will put further pressure on household livelihoods in 2020-21. The current unique situation of Iran’s economy presents significant downside risks for the baseline macroeconomic outlook. The country’s economic and social challenges disproportionately impact the lower income decile households who have faced significant economic pressure. Any increase in the value of cash transfers, along with introducing targeting mechanisms, can help the poor cope with the social-economic shocks, but fiscal constraints may limit the scope for significant response

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34045
    Series: Iran economic monitor ; Spring 2020
    Subjects: Wirtschaftslage; Armutsbekämpfung; Coronavirus; Sanktion; Iran; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EMPLOYMENT; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FISCAL TRENDS; GASOLINE SUBSIDY; INEQUALITY; LABOR MARKET; MONETARY POLICY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; POVERTY; RISK MANAGEMENT; SANCTIONS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Weathering economic challenges
    special focus topic: Understanding the Latest Poverty Trends in Iran (2009–2016)
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    Iranʼs GDP growth in 2017/18 eased considerably as the effect of large surge in oil revenues in the previous year dissipated. After undergoing an oil-based bounce in the economy in 2016/17, the economy registered a 3.8 percent growth in 2017/18 with... more

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    Iranʼs GDP growth in 2017/18 eased considerably as the effect of large surge in oil revenues in the previous year dissipated. After undergoing an oil-based bounce in the economy in 2016/17, the economy registered a 3.8 percent growth in 2017/18 with the overwhelming majority of growth coming from the non-oil sectors. More than half of the growth can be attributed to services which grew by 4.4 percent. Oil, agriculture and services sectors are now back above the levels of activity they were prior to sanctions in 2012. But there was not a strong bounce back in the past two years for key sectors such as construction and trade, restaurant and hotel services following the stagnation in growth during the period of sanctions. The oil and gas sector witnessed a growth of 0.9 percent.Limited by the (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) OPEC quota for the agreed period, increasing production capacity or maintaining current production levels in the coming years would require a substantial increase in investments in the sector. However, the reintroduction of sanctions on the oil and gas sector in November 2018 by the United States (US) will mean the issue of export payments rather than investment needs will come to the fore

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/31028
    Series: Iran economic monitor ; Fall 2018
    Subjects: ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EXCHANGE RATES; EXTERNAL TRADE; FISCAL TRENDS; INEQUALITY; JOB CREATION; LABOR MARKET; MONETARY POLICY; OIL PRODUCTION; POVERTY LINE; POVERTY MEASUREMENT; POVERTY REDUCTION; PUBLIC FINANCE
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Tax-Transfers Schemes, Informality, and Search Frictions in a Small Open Economy
    Author: Robayo-Abril, Monica
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    This paper evaluates the impact of market-oriented structural reforms, in particular labor market policies, social assistance programs, and trade liberalization on long run unemployment, wage inequality, and the distribution of employment across... more

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This paper evaluates the impact of market-oriented structural reforms, in particular labor market policies, social assistance programs, and trade liberalization on long run unemployment, wage inequality, and the distribution of employment across sectors in a small open economy with search frictions and idiosyncratic productivity shocks. The paper builds a search and matching model of a labor market with a large informal sector and estimates the model using Colombian household-level data. Changes in labor taxes may have sizable aggregate, compositional, and distributional effects if workers associate high payroll taxes with more valuable and efficient social security services. The higher is the valuation of the services, the higher is the reduction in the log-wage gap. An expansion of public health insurance to informal sector workers has minor aggregate and distributional effects. Changes in relative prices that negatively affect the relative profitability of the formal sector have quite sizable aggregate effects, producing more long-run unemployment and informality, and increasing unemployment duration

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 8574
    Subjects: INEQUALITY; INFORMALITY; LABOR MARKET; LABOR TAX; PAYROLL TAX; SOCIAL SECURITY; SUBSIDIES; UNEMPLOYMENT; WAGE GAP
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource
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    Colombia

    Latin America & Caribbean
  13. Ageing and family solidarity in Europe
    patterns and driving factors of intergenerational support
    Author: Albertini, Marco
    Published: May 2016
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Global Practice Group, Washington, D.C.

    At the beginning of the twenty-first century, intergenerational relations remain a key aspect of the future development and sustainability of the European social model. In the present paper, patterns of intergenerational support and the main driving... more

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    Deutsches Zentrum für Altersfragen e.V. (DZA), Bibliothek
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    At the beginning of the twenty-first century, intergenerational relations remain a key aspect of the future development and sustainability of the European social model. In the present paper, patterns of intergenerational support and the main driving factors behind individuals' transfer behavior are explored. In particular, the data form the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe are utilized to shed light on the main factors behind the likelihood and intensity of social support, and financial help provided to and received from other family members by ageing and elderly Europeans. The analysis also takes into consideration patterns and factors correlated with grandparenting activities. Finally, special attention is devoted to the condition of those individuals who are sandwiched between care obligations toward their elderly parents and young adult children. It is shown that the likelihood of the exchange of support between family generations is highest in Scandinavian countries and lowest in Southern Europe. The intensity of support follows an opposite North-South gradient. In addition, relevant gender-related inequalities are documented. In general, time-demanding support obligations are more likely to fall on the shoulders of women in the early stage of their later life, while mainly benefitting elderly men

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/24516
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 7678
    Subjects: Alternde Bevölkerung; Familienökonomik; Intergenerationale Übertragung; Bildungschancen; Geschlechterunterschiede; Erwerbstätigkeit; Soziale Integration; Europa; ADULTS; AGE; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGE GROUPS; AGED; AGEING; AGING; ARGUMENTS; AUTONOMY; BENEFIT; BENEFITS; CARE WORK; CHILD; CHILDCARE; CHILDHOOD; CHILDLESSNESS; CHILDREN; CULTURAL DIFFERENCES; DAY CARE; DEMOGRAPHY; DEVELOPMENT POLICY; DISABILITY; DIVERSITY; DIVORCE; ELDERLY; ELDERLY MEN; ELDERLY PEOPLE; EMPOWERMENT; EQUALITY; ETHNICITY; EU; FAMILIES; FAMILY; FAMILY MEMBERS; FAMILY RELATIONS; FAMILY STRUCTURE; FAMILY SUPPORT; FATHERS; FEMALE; FERTILITY; GENDER; GENDER DIFFERENCES; GENDER EQUALITY; GENDER EQUITY; GENDER ROLES; GENERATIONS; GERIATRICS; GERONTOLOGY; HEALTH; HEALTH CARE; HOME; HOMES; IMMIGRANTS; INEQUALITIES; INEQUALITY; INHERITANCE; INSURANCE; INSURANCES; INTERVENTION; INTERVIEW; ISOLATION; KINSHIP; LAW; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIVING CONDITIONS; LOWER CLASS; MARITAL STATUS; MARRIAGE; MEN; MIGRANTS; MIGRATION; MORTALITY; MOTHERS; NORMS; NUCLEAR FAMILY; NURSING; OBSERVATION; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OLD AGE; OLDER PEOPLE; ORGANIZATIONS; PARENTHOOD; PARENTING; PARENTS; PARENTS IN LAW; PARTNER; PARTNERS; PENSION; PENSIONS; PEOPLE; POLICY; POLICY DISCUSSIONS; POLICY RESEARCH; POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER; POPULATION; POWER; PROGRESS; PSYCHOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RELATIONSHIPS; RESIDENCE; RESIDENTIAL CARE; RESPONSIBILITY; RISK FACTORS; RISKS; SEXES; SIBLINGS; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL CLASSES; SOCIAL EXCLUSION; SOCIAL ISOLATION; SOCIAL NETWORKS; SOCIAL POLICY; SOCIAL SCIENCES; SOCIAL STRATIFICATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIAL WORK; SOCIETIES; SOCIOLOGY; SPOUSES; STRATEGY; STRESS; UNEMPLOYMENT; WELFARE STATE; WELFARE STATES; WILL; WIVES; WOMEN; WORKERS; YOUNG ADULT; YOUNG ADULTS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Riding the wave
    an East Asian miracle for the 21st century
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Developing East Asia has led the way in showing how rapid and broadly shared growth can lift millions out of poverty. And, as this book shows, the region has achieved even more: the wave of prosperity across the region since the 1980s has lifted... more

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    Developing East Asia has led the way in showing how rapid and broadly shared growth can lift millions out of poverty. And, as this book shows, the region has achieved even more: the wave of prosperity across the region since the 1980s has lifted three out of five of its citizens into economic security, where their risk of falling into poverty is minimal. Alongside this, a solid middle class has emerged in most countries. But these successes do not guarantee that inclusive growth--growth that reduces poverty and delivers upward mobility and economic security for all--is assured. The region has become more diverse, with progress varying across countries and extreme poverty increasingly concentrated among specific groups. Roughly a fifth of the region's population still remains at risk of falling into poverty and prospects for upward mobility are seen as increasingly elusive across the income distribution, reflecting a growing concentration of income and wealth and limited access to basic social services. Challenges old and new, including rapid aging and less certain growth prospects, are also increasing the premium on economic security for all. Riding the Wave is about how countries across the region can effectively confront these challenges and achieve inclusive growth

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464811760
    Series: World Bank East Asia and Pacific regional report
    Subjects: Entwicklung; Wirtschaftspolitik; Wirtschaftswachstum; Einkommensverteilung; Gerechtigkeit; Ostasien; Economic development; Equality; ECONOMIC CLASS; ECONOMIC MOBILITY; ECONOMIC SECURITY; ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY; EXTREME POVERTY; INCLUSIVE GROWTH; INEQUALITY; MIDDLE CLASS; PANEL DATA; POVERTY REDUCTION; PROSPERITY; SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 123 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Includes bibliographical references and index

    Gesehen am 20.04.2020
  15. The economy in the time of Covid-19
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  The World Bank, Washington, DC

    After a period of rapid economic growth associated with high commodity prices, the region had entered a phase of lackluster performance. Recent developments, including a new oil price shock, and the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic will push the... more

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    After a period of rapid economic growth associated with high commodity prices, the region had entered a phase of lackluster performance. Recent developments, including a new oil price shock, and the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic will push the region into recession. Many countries are struggling to contain the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic while avoiding a dramatic decline in economic activity. The report analyzes how to think about this tradeoff. It estimates the potential health costs, assesses the effectiveness of diverse containment strategies, and discusses how large the economic cost could be. The current crisis is unprecedented because it combines a fall in global demand, tighter financial conditions and a major supply shock. The response needs to consider how to socialize the losses, how to prevent a collapse of the financial sector, how to protect jobs and livelihoods, and how to manage and divest the assets that will inevitably end up in the hands of the state

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9781464815706
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/33555
    Series: Semiannual report of the Latin America and Caribbean region ; April 2020
    LAC Semiannual Report ; April 2020
    Subjects: Schock; Wirtschaftskrise; Coronavirus; Epidemie; Infektionsschutz; Wirkungsanalyse; Gesundheitskosten; Lateinamerika; Karibischer Raum; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN; ELASTICITY; INCOME INEQUALITY; INEQUALITY; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR MARKET; PANDEMIC; PANDEMIC; POLICY RESPONSE; RECESSION; TERMS OF TRADE; UNEMPLOYMENT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Gesehen am 08.06.2020
  16. The broad-based upturn, but for how long?
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, D.C

    The global economy is in a broad-based cyclical recovery. Investment, manufacturing and trade are on the rebound. Financing conditions are benign, monetary policies are generally accommodative, and the worst impacts of the recent commodity price... more

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    The global economy is in a broad-based cyclical recovery. Investment, manufacturing and trade are on the rebound. Financing conditions are benign, monetary policies are generally accommodative, and the worst impacts of the recent commodity price collapse have begun to dissipate. However, the global economic outlook remains clouded by a number of risks. These include the possibility of financial market disruptions, rising protectionist sentiment, and heightened geopolitical tensions. Of particular concern is evidence of subdued productivity and slowing potential growth. In addition to discussing global and regional economic developments and prospects, this edition of Global Economic Prospects includes a chapter on the causes of the broad-based slowing of potential growth and suggests remedies. The report also contains Special Focus sections on the impact of the 2014-2016 oil price collapse and the relationship between education demographics and global inequality. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing countries, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464812453
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/28932
    Series: Global economic prospects ; January 2018
    A World Bank Group flagship report
    Subjects: COMMODITY PRICES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING ECONOMIES; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC PROSPECTS; EDUCATION; EMERGING MARKETS; GLOBAL ECONOMY; INEQUALITY; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; LABOR MARKET; OIL PRICE; REGIONAL OUTLOOKS; SHALE OIL; TRADE PROTECTIONISM
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 264 Seiten)
  17. Are Microcredit Participants in Bangladesh Trapped in Poverty and Debt?
    Author: Khandker, Shahidur R.; Samad, Hussain A.
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    This paper addresses whether microcredit participants in Bangladesh are trapped in poverty and debt, as many critics have argued in recent years. Analysis of data from a long panel survey over a 20-year period confirms this is not the case, although... more

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    This paper addresses whether microcredit participants in Bangladesh are trapped in poverty and debt, as many critics have argued in recent years. Analysis of data from a long panel survey over a 20-year period confirms this is not the case, although numerous participants have been with microcredit programs for many years. The results of the analysis suggest that participants derive a variety of benefits from microcredit: It helps them to earn income and consume more, accumulate assets, invest in children's schooling, and be lifted out of poverty. This is not to say that non-participants have failed to progress over the same period. Both participants and non-participants have gained as the economy has grown; however, the rates of poverty reduction have been higher for participants. Testing the net effect of microcredit programs requires applying an econometric method that controls for why some households participated and others did not, conditional on their initial characteristics. In addition, the method must control for time-varying, unobserved heterogeneity that affects everyone over time, albeit in possibly different ways. The paper's econometric estimates show significant welfare gains resulting from microcredit participation, especially for women. They also show that the accrued benefits of borrowing outweigh accumulated debt. As a result, households' net worth has increased, and both poverty and the debt-asset ratio have declined.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/13125
    Series: Policy Research working paper ; WPS 6404
    Subjects: AMOUNT OF LOAN; ASSET HOLDINGS; ASSET RATIO; ASSET RATIOS; ASSET VALUE; AVERAGE DEBT; BANK LOANS; BANK POLICY; BANK RATE; BENEFICIARIES; BIDS; BORROWER; BORROWING; COMMERCIAL BANK; COMMERCIAL BANKS; CONSUMER GOODS; CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE; CREDIT ACCESS; CREDIT SCORING; CROP PRODUCTION; DEBT; DEBT SERVICING; DEMAND FOR CREDIT; DEPOSITS; DUE DILIGENCE; ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC POLICIES; EMPLOYMENT; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; EXTREME POVERTY; FARM ACTIVITIES; FARM SECTOR; FEMALE PARTICIPATION; FINANCIAL ASSETS; FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS; FOOD BASKET; FOOD CONSUMPTION; FOOD EXPENDITURE; FOOD EXPENDITURES; FOOD ITEMS; FOOD POLICY; FOOD POVERTY; FOOD POVERTY LINE; GENDER DISPARITY; GLOBAL POVERTY; GROUP LENDING; HOUSEHOLD HEAD; HOUSEHOLD INCOME; HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION; HUMAN CAPITAL; HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; IMPACT EVALUATION; INCOME; INCOME GENERATION; INDEBTED HOUSEHOLDS; INDEBTEDNESS; INEQUALITY; INFORMAL LENDERS; INTEREST RATES; INTERNATIONAL BANK; INTERVENTION; LAND ASSET; LAND ASSETS; LAND VALUE; LANDHOLDINGS; LEARNING; LENDERS; LIABILITY; LIVING STANDARDS; LOAN; LOAN AMOUNTS; LOAN PORTFOLIO; LONGITUDINAL DATA; MEAT; MICROCREDIT; MICROCREDIT PROGRAMS; MICROENTERPRISE CREDIT; MICROFINANCE; MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS; MILK; NONFARM INCOME; NUTRITION; PENSIONS; PER CAPITA INCOME; PERFORMANCE INDICATORS; POLITICAL ECONOMY; POOR; POOR HOUSEHOLDS; POVERTY ALLEVIATION; POVERTY DYNAMICS; POVERTY LINE; POVERTY RATES; POVERTY REDUCTION; POVERTY STATUS; PROGRAM EFFECTS; RATES OF RETURN; REDUCTION IN POVERTY; REMITTANCES; REORGANIZATION; RETURNS; RURAL; RURAL AREAS; RURAL COMMUNITIES; RURAL CREDIT; RURAL DEVELOPMENT; RURAL HOUSEHOLDS; RURAL POVERTY; SAMPLE SIZE; SAVINGS; SAVINGS ACCOUNT; SCHOOL ATTENDANCE; SCHOOLING; SELECTION BIAS; SELF-EMPLOYMENT; SOLVENCY; STOCKS; TOTAL DEBT; TRANSACTION; TRANSPORT; TREATMENT EFFECTS; VEGETABLES; VILLAGE FUND; VILLAGE LEVEL; VULNERABLE GROUPS; WAGE EMPLOYMENT; WAGES; WELFARE INDICATOR; WELFARE MEASURES
    Scope: Online-Ressource
  18. World Bank Group assistance to low-income fragile and conflict-affected states
    an independent evaluation ; main report
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    The World Bank Group has identified support to fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) as a strategic priority, critical to achieving its mission of poverty alleviation and shared prosperity. This review of International Development Association... more

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    The World Bank Group has identified support to fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) as a strategic priority, critical to achieving its mission of poverty alleviation and shared prosperity. This review of International Development Association (IDA) countries establishes that the World Bank's portfolio performance in low-income FCS has improved since 2001 compared to low-income countries that are not fragile. It also ascertains that country assistance strategies have lacked tailoring to fragility and conflict drivers and realism and do not currently have contingencies based on political economy and conflict risks to adjust objectives and results if risks materialize, and that the Bank has been relatively effective in mainstreaming gender within the health and education and community-driven development portfolios, but has paid insufficient attention to conflict-related violence against women and economic empowerment of women in low-income fragile and conflict affected states. Other significant observations include the usefulness of community-driven development for short-term assistance to local communities in fragile and conflict-affected states, and that the global shift in aid flows toward fragile states has not been matched by IDA, and fragile and conflict-affected states receive less aid per capita from IDA than do other low-income countries.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464802188
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/16999
    hdl: 11159/44
    Subjects: Entwicklungsfinanzierung; Internationaler Kredit; Entwicklungsländer; ACCESS TO FINANCE; ACCESS TO MARKETS; ACCOUNTABILITY; ACCOUNTING; ADB; ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY; ADVISORY SERVICES; AGRICULTURAL SECTOR; AID FLOWS; ALLIANCE; BALANCE SHEETS; BANK MANAGEMENT; BANK PORTFOLIO; BARRIERS TO BUSINESS GROWTH; BENEFICIARIES; BOUNDARIES; BUSINESS PLANS; CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS; CIVIL SERVICE; CIVIL WAR; COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT; CONFIDENCE; CONFLICT; CONSTRAINT; CONTINGENCY PLANNING; CORPORATE INVESTORS; CORRUPTION; COUNTERPARTS; COUNTRY RISK; CREDIT AGENCIES; CREDIT AGENCY; CRIMINAL; CRISES; DECENTRALIZATION; DEMOBILIZATION; DETERRENCE; DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE; DEVELOPMENT BANK; DIRECT FINANCIAL SUPPORT; DISARMAMENT; DISBURSEMENTS; DONOR FUNDING; DUE DILIGENCE; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES; EMERGING MARKETS; EMPLOYMENT; EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES; EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN; ENABLING ENVIRONMENTS; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; EQUITY INVESTMENT; EX-COMBATANTS; EXCOMBATANTS; EXPENDITURE; EXPENDITURES; EXTREME POVERTY; FARMERS; FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; FINANCIAL MARKETS; FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT; FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY; FOOD SECURITY; FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; FRONTIER; GENDER; GENDER ASSESSMENTS; GENDER EQUALITY; GENDER ISSUES; GENDER SENSITIVITY; GLOBAL TRADE; GRANT ALLOCATIONS; GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT; GUARANTEE AGENCY; HOST COUNTRY; HUMAN CAPITAL; HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN RESOURCES; IBRD; IFC; IMMUNIZATIONS; INEQUALITY; INFORMAL ECONOMIES; INITIATIVE; INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY; INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING; INSTRUMENT; INSURANCE; INTERNATIONAL BANK; INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; INTERNATIONAL FINANCE; INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS; INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION; INTERNATIONAL STUDIES; INVESTING; INVESTMENT CLIMATE; INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES; INVESTMENT PROJECTS; JOB CREATION; JUDICIAL REFORM; JUSTICE; LAND RIGHTS; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LEADERSHIP; LEGAL CONSTRAINTS; LEGISLATION; LOCAL CONFLICT; LOCAL ECONOMY; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; LOCAL GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES; LONG-TERM INVESTORS; MAINSTREAMING GENDER; MANDATES; MEDIATION; MICRO FINANCE; MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTION; MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS; MICROFINANCE; MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS; MIGRATION; MINISTER; MODALITIES; MODALITY; NATIONS; NATURAL RESOURCES; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION; OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN; PEACE; PEACEBUILDING; POLITICAL ECONOMY; POLITICAL RISK; POLITICAL RISKS; POLITICAL SETTLEMENT; POLITICAL VIOLENCE; PORTFOLIO; PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS; PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE; PORTFOLIO QUALITY; PORTFOLIO RISK; PORTFOLIOS; PRIVATE FINANCE; PROCUREMENT; PROJECT DESIGN; PROJECT EVALUATION; PURCHASING POWER; PURCHASING POWER PARITY; RECONSTRUCTION; REGULATORY FRAMEWORK; REHABILITATION; REVENUE MOBILIZATION; RISK MANAGEMENT; RISK PROFILES; RULE OF LAW; SERVICE DELIVERY; SETTLEMENT; SHORT-TERM FINANCE; SMALL BUSINESSES; SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL EXCLUSION; SOCIAL FUND; SOURCES OF FUNDS; SUPPORT FOR INVESTMENT; SWAPS; TACTIC; TAX; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE; TECHNICAL SUPPORT; TELECOMMUNICATIONS; TRADE FINANCE; TRANSPARENCY; TRANSPORT; TRUST FUND; TRUST FUNDS; UNDP; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNION; URBANIZATION; VALUATION; VICTIMS; VIOLENCE; WORLD DEVELOPMENT
    Scope: Online-Ressource (LI, 134 S.), graph. Darst.
  19. World Bank Group assistance to low-income fragile and conflict-affected states
    an independent evaluation ; main report
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    The World Bank Group has identified support to fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) as a strategic priority, critical to achieving its mission of poverty alleviation and shared prosperity. This review of International Development Association... more

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    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The World Bank Group has identified support to fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) as a strategic priority, critical to achieving its mission of poverty alleviation and shared prosperity. This review of International Development Association (IDA) countries establishes that the World Bank's portfolio performance in low-income FCS has improved since 2001 compared to low-income countries that are not fragile. It also ascertains that country assistance strategies have lacked tailoring to fragility and conflict drivers and realism and do not currently have contingencies based on political economy and conflict risks to adjust objectives and results if risks materialize, and that the Bank has been relatively effective in mainstreaming gender within the health and education and community-driven development portfolios, but has paid insufficient attention to conflict-related violence against women and economic empowerment of women in low-income fragile and conflict affected states. Other significant observations include the usefulness of community-driven development for short-term assistance to local communities in fragile and conflict-affected states, and that the global shift in aid flows toward fragile states has not been matched by IDA, and fragile and conflict-affected states receive less aid per capita from IDA than do other low-income countries.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464802188
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/16999
    hdl: 11159/44
    Subjects: Entwicklungsfinanzierung; Internationaler Kredit; Entwicklungsländer; ACCESS TO FINANCE; ACCESS TO MARKETS; ACCOUNTABILITY; ACCOUNTING; ADB; ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY; ADVISORY SERVICES; AGRICULTURAL SECTOR; AID FLOWS; ALLIANCE; BALANCE SHEETS; BANK MANAGEMENT; BANK PORTFOLIO; BARRIERS TO BUSINESS GROWTH; BENEFICIARIES; BOUNDARIES; BUSINESS PLANS; CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS; CIVIL SERVICE; CIVIL WAR; COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT; CONFIDENCE; CONFLICT; CONSTRAINT; CONTINGENCY PLANNING; CORPORATE INVESTORS; CORRUPTION; COUNTERPARTS; COUNTRY RISK; CREDIT AGENCIES; CREDIT AGENCY; CRIMINAL; CRISES; DECENTRALIZATION; DEMOBILIZATION; DETERRENCE; DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE; DEVELOPMENT BANK; DIRECT FINANCIAL SUPPORT; DISARMAMENT; DISBURSEMENTS; DONOR FUNDING; DUE DILIGENCE; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES; EMERGING MARKETS; EMPLOYMENT; EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES; EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN; ENABLING ENVIRONMENTS; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; EQUITY INVESTMENT; EX-COMBATANTS; EXCOMBATANTS; EXPENDITURE; EXPENDITURES; EXTREME POVERTY; FARMERS; FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; FINANCIAL MARKETS; FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT; FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY; FOOD SECURITY; FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; FRONTIER; GENDER; GENDER ASSESSMENTS; GENDER EQUALITY; GENDER ISSUES; GENDER SENSITIVITY; GLOBAL TRADE; GRANT ALLOCATIONS; GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT; GUARANTEE AGENCY; HOST COUNTRY; HUMAN CAPITAL; HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN RESOURCES; IBRD; IFC; IMMUNIZATIONS; INEQUALITY; INFORMAL ECONOMIES; INITIATIVE; INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY; INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING; INSTRUMENT; INSURANCE; INTERNATIONAL BANK; INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; INTERNATIONAL FINANCE; INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS; INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION; INTERNATIONAL STUDIES; INVESTING; INVESTMENT CLIMATE; INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES; INVESTMENT PROJECTS; JOB CREATION; JUDICIAL REFORM; JUSTICE; LAND RIGHTS; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LEADERSHIP; LEGAL CONSTRAINTS; LEGISLATION; LOCAL CONFLICT; LOCAL ECONOMY; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; LOCAL GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES; LONG-TERM INVESTORS; MAINSTREAMING GENDER; MANDATES; MEDIATION; MICRO FINANCE; MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTION; MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS; MICROFINANCE; MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS; MIGRATION; MINISTER; MODALITIES; MODALITY; NATIONS; NATURAL RESOURCES; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION; OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN; PEACE; PEACEBUILDING; POLITICAL ECONOMY; POLITICAL RISK; POLITICAL RISKS; POLITICAL SETTLEMENT; POLITICAL VIOLENCE; PORTFOLIO; PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS; PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE; PORTFOLIO QUALITY; PORTFOLIO RISK; PORTFOLIOS; PRIVATE FINANCE; PROCUREMENT; PROJECT DESIGN; PROJECT EVALUATION; PURCHASING POWER; PURCHASING POWER PARITY; RECONSTRUCTION; REGULATORY FRAMEWORK; REHABILITATION; REVENUE MOBILIZATION; RISK MANAGEMENT; RISK PROFILES; RULE OF LAW; SERVICE DELIVERY; SETTLEMENT; SHORT-TERM FINANCE; SMALL BUSINESSES; SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL EXCLUSION; SOCIAL FUND; SOURCES OF FUNDS; SUPPORT FOR INVESTMENT; SWAPS; TACTIC; TAX; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE; TECHNICAL SUPPORT; TELECOMMUNICATIONS; TRADE FINANCE; TRANSPARENCY; TRANSPORT; TRUST FUND; TRUST FUNDS; UNDP; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNION; URBANIZATION; VALUATION; VICTIMS; VIOLENCE; WORLD DEVELOPMENT
    Scope: Online-Ressource (LI, 134 S.), graph. Darst.
  20. Ageing and family solidarity in Europe
    patterns and driving factors of intergenerational support
    Author: Albertini, Marco
    Published: May 2016
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Global Practice Group, Washington, D.C.

    At the beginning of the twenty-first century, intergenerational relations remain a key aspect of the future development and sustainability of the European social model. In the present paper, patterns of intergenerational support and the main driving... more

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    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    At the beginning of the twenty-first century, intergenerational relations remain a key aspect of the future development and sustainability of the European social model. In the present paper, patterns of intergenerational support and the main driving factors behind individuals' transfer behavior are explored. In particular, the data form the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe are utilized to shed light on the main factors behind the likelihood and intensity of social support, and financial help provided to and received from other family members by ageing and elderly Europeans. The analysis also takes into consideration patterns and factors correlated with grandparenting activities. Finally, special attention is devoted to the condition of those individuals who are sandwiched between care obligations toward their elderly parents and young adult children. It is shown that the likelihood of the exchange of support between family generations is highest in Scandinavian countries and lowest in Southern Europe. The intensity of support follows an opposite North-South gradient. In addition, relevant gender-related inequalities are documented. In general, time-demanding support obligations are more likely to fall on the shoulders of women in the early stage of their later life, while mainly benefitting elderly men

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/24516
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 7678
    Subjects: Alternde Bevölkerung; Familienökonomik; Intergenerationale Übertragung; Bildungschancen; Geschlechterunterschiede; Erwerbstätigkeit; Soziale Integration; Europa; ADULTS; AGE; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGE GROUPS; AGED; AGEING; AGING; ARGUMENTS; AUTONOMY; BENEFIT; BENEFITS; CARE WORK; CHILD; CHILDCARE; CHILDHOOD; CHILDLESSNESS; CHILDREN; CULTURAL DIFFERENCES; DAY CARE; DEMOGRAPHY; DEVELOPMENT POLICY; DISABILITY; DIVERSITY; DIVORCE; ELDERLY; ELDERLY MEN; ELDERLY PEOPLE; EMPOWERMENT; EQUALITY; ETHNICITY; EU; FAMILIES; FAMILY; FAMILY MEMBERS; FAMILY RELATIONS; FAMILY STRUCTURE; FAMILY SUPPORT; FATHERS; FEMALE; FERTILITY; GENDER; GENDER DIFFERENCES; GENDER EQUALITY; GENDER EQUITY; GENDER ROLES; GENERATIONS; GERIATRICS; GERONTOLOGY; HEALTH; HEALTH CARE; HOME; HOMES; IMMIGRANTS; INEQUALITIES; INEQUALITY; INHERITANCE; INSURANCE; INSURANCES; INTERVENTION; INTERVIEW; ISOLATION; KINSHIP; LAW; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIVING CONDITIONS; LOWER CLASS; MARITAL STATUS; MARRIAGE; MEN; MIGRANTS; MIGRATION; MORTALITY; MOTHERS; NORMS; NUCLEAR FAMILY; NURSING; OBSERVATION; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OLD AGE; OLDER PEOPLE; ORGANIZATIONS; PARENTHOOD; PARENTING; PARENTS; PARENTS IN LAW; PARTNER; PARTNERS; PENSION; PENSIONS; PEOPLE; POLICY; POLICY DISCUSSIONS; POLICY RESEARCH; POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER; POPULATION; POWER; PROGRESS; PSYCHOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RELATIONSHIPS; RESIDENCE; RESIDENTIAL CARE; RESPONSIBILITY; RISK FACTORS; RISKS; SEXES; SIBLINGS; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL CLASSES; SOCIAL EXCLUSION; SOCIAL ISOLATION; SOCIAL NETWORKS; SOCIAL POLICY; SOCIAL SCIENCES; SOCIAL STRATIFICATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIAL WORK; SOCIETIES; SOCIOLOGY; SPOUSES; STRATEGY; STRESS; UNEMPLOYMENT; WELFARE STATE; WELFARE STATES; WILL; WIVES; WOMEN; WORKERS; YOUNG ADULT; YOUNG ADULTS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Income distribution, international integration and sustained poverty reduction
    Author: Goldberg, Pinelopi K.; Reed, Tristan
    Published: July 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group, Washington, DC, USA

    What is the pathway to development in a world with less international integration? This paper answers this question within a model that emphasizes the role of demand-side constraints on national development, which is identified with sustained poverty... more

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    What is the pathway to development in a world with less international integration? This paper answers this question within a model that emphasizes the role of demand-side constraints on national development, which is identified with sustained poverty reduction. In this framework, development is linked to the adoption of an increasing returns to scale technology by imperfectly competitive firms that need to pay the fixed setup cost of switching to that technology. Sustained poverty reduction is measured as a continuous decline in the share of the population living below $1.90/day purchasing power parity in 2011 US dollars over a five year period. This outcome is affected in a statistically significant and economically meaningful way by domestic market size, which is measured as function of the income distribution, and international market size, which is measured as a function of legally-binding provisions to international trade agreements, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the World Trade Organization and 279 preferential trade agreements. Counterfactual estimates suggest that, in the absence of international integration, the average resident of a low or lower-middle income country does not live in a market large enough to experience sustained poverty reduction.

     
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    hdl: 10986/34260
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9342
    Subjects: ACCESS TO MARKETS; INCOME DISTRIBUTION; INEQUALITY; MARKET SIZE; POVERTY; POVERTY REDUCTION; PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS; REGIONAL INTEGRATION; TRADE AGREEMENTS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Gesehen am 10.08.2020
  22. Riding the wave
    an East Asian miracle for the 21st century
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Developing East Asia has led the way in showing how rapid and broadly shared growth can lift millions out of poverty. And, as this book shows, the region has achieved even more: the wave of prosperity across the region since the 1980s has lifted... more

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    Developing East Asia has led the way in showing how rapid and broadly shared growth can lift millions out of poverty. And, as this book shows, the region has achieved even more: the wave of prosperity across the region since the 1980s has lifted three out of five of its citizens into economic security, where their risk of falling into poverty is minimal. Alongside this, a solid middle class has emerged in most countries. But these successes do not guarantee that inclusive growth--growth that reduces poverty and delivers upward mobility and economic security for all--is assured. The region has become more diverse, with progress varying across countries and extreme poverty increasingly concentrated among specific groups. Roughly a fifth of the region's population still remains at risk of falling into poverty and prospects for upward mobility are seen as increasingly elusive across the income distribution, reflecting a growing concentration of income and wealth and limited access to basic social services. Challenges old and new, including rapid aging and less certain growth prospects, are also increasing the premium on economic security for all. Riding the Wave is about how countries across the region can effectively confront these challenges and achieve inclusive growth

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464811760
    Series: World Bank East Asia and Pacific regional report
    Subjects: Entwicklung; Wirtschaftspolitik; Wirtschaftswachstum; Einkommensverteilung; Gerechtigkeit; Ostasien; Economic development; Equality; ECONOMIC CLASS; ECONOMIC MOBILITY; ECONOMIC SECURITY; ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY; EXTREME POVERTY; INCLUSIVE GROWTH; INEQUALITY; MIDDLE CLASS; PANEL DATA; POVERTY REDUCTION; PROSPERITY; SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 123 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Includes bibliographical references and index

    Gesehen am 20.04.2020
  23. Fiscal adjustment in Latin America and the Caribbean
    short-run pain, long-run gain? : semiannual report Office of the Regional Chief Economist, April 2018
    Author: Végh, Carlos A.; Vuletin, Guillermo; Riera-Crichton, Daniel; Friedheim, Diego; Morano, Luis; Camarena, José Andrée
    Published: April 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC, USA

    After a growth slowdown that lasted six years, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has finally turned the corner and resumed growth at a modest rate of 1.1 percent in 2017 and 1.8 percent expected in 2018. This reflects a more favorable... more

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    After a growth slowdown that lasted six years, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has finally turned the corner and resumed growth at a modest rate of 1.1 percent in 2017 and 1.8 percent expected in 2018. This reflects a more favorable external environment, particularly a recovery in commodity prices. In spite of the benign external environment, most LAC countries still face a fragile fiscal situation. While gradual fiscal adjustments have started in several countries, most countries are still running fiscal deficits and debt levels are high. Further fiscal consolidation is needed to preserve the substantial gains achieved by the region in recent times, in terms of lower inflation, less poverty and inequality, and inclusive growth. This Semiannual Report analyzes the complex decisions regarding fiscal adjustment policies

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9781464812903
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    hdl: 10986/29666
    Series: LAC Semiannual Report ; April 2018
    Subjects: Haushaltsdefizit; Haushaltskonsolidierung; Lateinamerika; Karibischer Raum; ELASTICITY; FISCAL ADJUSTMENT; FISCAL TRENDS; GROWTH; HOUSEHOLD INCOME INEQUALITY; INEQUALITY; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR INCOME INEQUALITY; SLOWDOWN; TERMS OF TRADE; UNEMPLOYMENT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Building human capital
    lessons from country experiences : Philippines
    Author: King, Elizabeth M.
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Human capital is the Philippines’ most important resource. Two examples of its benefit to the country: remittances from skilled and semi-skilled workers who work abroad amount to about 10 percent of its GDP, and it is one of the top destinations for... more

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    Human capital is the Philippines’ most important resource. Two examples of its benefit to the country: remittances from skilled and semi-skilled workers who work abroad amount to about 10 percent of its GDP, and it is one of the top destinations for foreign enterprises seeking educated workers for outsourcing their business processes. However, the Philippines has been losing its human capital edge over the past decades, with critical gaps in access to social services and in the quality of those services. In 2018, its rating on the Human Capital Index, a composite measure based on survival rates, the quantity and quality of schooling, and health status, was 0.55, putting it just ahead of Indonesia but well below Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Within the past decade, the Philippines adopted an ambitious national social agenda that, if implemented well, funded adequately, and monitored assiduously, could put it back on a more robust human development path. All efforts should be made, however, to safeguard this promising agenda from the implementation problems that evidence suggests have subverted the country’s past performance, weak governance, selfish political interest, and widespread corruption. Sound policies won’t lead to progress unless they are implemented well across the agencies and levels of government

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34207
    Subjects: Humankapital; Index; Wirtschaftsindikator; Philippinen; EDUCATION SPENDING; HUMAN CAPITAL; HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX; INEQUALITY; NUTRITION; POPULATION GROWTH; PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS; SCHOOL ENROLLMENT; SERVICE DELIVERY; TERTIARY EDUCATION
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Building human capital
    lessons from country experiences : Morocco
    Author: Benkassmi, M.; Abdelkhalek, Touhami
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This case study examines the policies, programs and processes undertaken in Morocco to improve its human capital outcomes since the 1990s. Sustained political commitment to education as a national priority across successive governments meant that... more

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    This case study examines the policies, programs and processes undertaken in Morocco to improve its human capital outcomes since the 1990s. Sustained political commitment to education as a national priority across successive governments meant that while the net enrollment rate in primary school was 52.4 percent in 1990, by 2013 it has risen to over 98 percent. Not only are boys and girls enrolled at similar rates, rural areas were able to catch up to urban areas. Since 2000, investments in education have been large and sustained, between 5 and 6 percent of GDP. While still under implementation, the current strategic vision 2015-2030 seeks to provide equity and quality for all, particularly those from rural and less developed regions in Morocco. Just as the government has stepped up its investments in education it has sought to tackle a variety of health challenges simultaneously. Reductions in infant and maternal mortality, curbing the fertility rate, limiting communicable and non-communicable diseases and improving the nutritional status of Moroccan children were prioritized not only through the development and better geographic distribution of health care services but also by encouraging a shift towards health insurance coverage in order to help citizens, particularly the poor, afford health care. A diligent immunization policy meant that 91 percent of Moroccan children are fully immunized. Coupled with this has been careful management of communicable diseases, including through the use of international partnerships. As the country grapples with the next wave of challenges, the case study proposed the need to pursue more integrated multisectoral policies that not only address the interplay between health and education but a broad range of sectors including but not limited to transport, infrastructure, and the labor market. It proposes the broad outlines of a series of actions that will be critical to continue to build the human capital of generations to come

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34208
    Subjects: Humankapital; Index; Wirtschaftsindikator; Marokko; EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT; EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION; EDUCATION POLCY; EDUCATION REFORM; HEALTH EXPENDITURE; HEALTH INSURANCE; HEALTHCARE SERVICES; HUMAN CAPITAL INDICATORS; INEQUALITY; LABOR MARKET; SCHOOL ENROLLMENT; SECONDARY EDUCATION; UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen