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Displaying results 1 to 18 of 18.

  1. Becoming a mompreneur
    parental leave policies and mothers' propensity for self-employment
    Author: Gerards, Ruud; Theunissen, Pomme
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: ROA research memorandum / Researchcentrum voor Onderwijs en Arbeidsmarkt ; ROA-RM-2018, 6 (Novemer 2018)
    Subjects: female entrepreneurship; mompreneurs; parental leave; policy reform; female labor supply
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Germany's social security system under strain
    Author: Siebert, Horst
    Published: 2003
    Publisher:  Inst. for World Economics, Kiel

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  3. What drives input subsidy policy reform?
    the case of Zambia, 2002-2016
    Author: Resnick, Danielle; Mason, Nicole M.
    Published: November 2016
    Publisher:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: IFPRI discussion paper ; 01572
    Subjects: agricultural policy; e-vouchers; input subsidies; policy reform; political economy; Zambia
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Germany's social security system under strain
    Author: Siebert, Horst
    Published: 2003
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW), Kiel

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  5. The multigenerational impact of children and childcare policies
    Author: Karademir, Sencer; Laliberté, Jean-William; Staubli, Stefan
    Published: January 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The disproportionate impact of children on women's earnings constitutes the primary factor contributing to persistent gender inequality in many countries. This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public provision... more

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    The disproportionate impact of children on women's earnings constitutes the primary factor contributing to persistent gender inequality in many countries. This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public provision of formal childcare lessens the earnings and employment impacts of children. Our analyses notably incorporate the role of grandparents as informal providers of childcare. We find that the arrival of a firstborn reduces the employment and earnings of mothers and grandmothers, suggesting that the life-cycle impact of children on women is larger than previously thought. Studying the implementation of a universal childcare program in the province of Quebec, we find that formal childcare increases the employment rates of mothers, as well as that of grandmothers to a lesser extent. Examining heterogeneity of the program's impact across census divisions, we find a negative correlation between the magnitude of the positive effects on mothers' employment and the pre-policy supply of informal childcare by grandmothers. Our findings together indicate that (1) analyses of social policies should consider broader family units and (2) the impact of childcare policies on mothers depends on pre-existing care arrangements, particularly the amount of care provided by grandparents.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/272521
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15894
    Subjects: Kinderbetreuung; Großeltern; Eltern; Reformpolitik; childcare policies; labour supply; grandparents; parents; event study; policy reform
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Take-up and labor supply responses to disability insurance earnings limits
    Author: Krekó, Judit; Prinz, Daniel; Weber, Andrea
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In most disability insurance programs beneficiaries lose some or all of their benefits if they earn above an earnings threshold. While intended to screen out applicants with high remaining working capacity, earnings limits can also distort the labor... more

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    In most disability insurance programs beneficiaries lose some or all of their benefits if they earn above an earnings threshold. While intended to screen out applicants with high remaining working capacity, earnings limits can also distort the labor supply of beneficiaries. We develop a simple framework to evaluate this trade-off. We use a reduction in the earnings limit in Hungary to examine screening and labor supply responses. We find that the policy changed selection into the program modestly but reduced labor supply significantly. Viewed through the lens of our model, these findings suggest that the earnings threshold should be higher.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263593
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15377
    Subjects: disability insurance; policy reform; earnings limit; labor supply
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Political science research on the reasons for the (non) adoption and (non) implementation of EMU reform proposals
    the state of the art
    Author: Lindner, Vincent; Eckert, Sandra; Nölke, Andreas
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe, [Frankfurt am Main]

    There have been numerous attempts to reform the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) after the Great Recession, however the reform success varies greatly among sub-fields. Additionally, the political science research community has engaged a diverse set... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    There have been numerous attempts to reform the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) after the Great Recession, however the reform success varies greatly among sub-fields. Additionally, the political science research community has engaged a diverse set of theory- driven explanations, causal mechanisms, and variables to explain respective reform success. This article takes stock of reform policies in the EMU from two angles. First, it outlines distinct theoretical approaches that seek to explain success and failure of reform proposals and second, it surveys how they explain policy output and policy outcome in four policy subfields: financial stabilization, economic governance, financial solidarity, and cooperative dissolution. Finally, the article develops a set of explanatory factors from the existing literature that will be used for a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA).

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250046
    Series: SAFE working paper ; no. 339 (January 2022)
    Subjects: Economic and Monetary Union; European integration; neoinstitutionalism; political economy; European Banking Union; European Capital Markets Union; economic governance; fiscal solidarity; policy reform
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  8. The effect of increasing the state pension age to 66 on labour market activity
    Author: Cribb, Jonathan; Emmerson, Carl; O’Brien, Laurence
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    We study the effect of an increase in the UK state pension age from 65 to 66, a high level internationally, on labour market activity. Despite there being limited financial incentives to retire at the state pension age, we find large effects: the... more

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    We study the effect of an increase in the UK state pension age from 65 to 66, a high level internationally, on labour market activity. Despite there being limited financial incentives to retire at the state pension age, we find large effects: the employment rate of 65-year-olds increased by 7.4 percentage points for men and 8.5 percentage points for women due to the reform. The employment response is driven disproportionately by full-time workers and self-employed men, and is larger for those with lower levels of education and those living in the most deprived areas of the country.

     
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    hdl: 10419/254257
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 22, 07
    Subjects: Early retirement age; labour supply; policy reform; retirement
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. How should we fund end-of-life care in the USA?
    Author: Arapakis, Karolos; French, Eric; Jones, John; McCauley, Jeremy
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, [Cambridge]

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    Series: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2249
    Subjects: Medical spending; Medicaid; Medicare; long term care; policy reform
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The multigenerational impact of children and childcare policies
    Author: Karademir, Sencer; Laliberté, Jean-William; Staubli, Stefan
    Published: January 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The disproportionate impact of children on women's earnings constitutes the primary factor contributing to persistent gender inequality in many countries. This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public provision... more

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    The disproportionate impact of children on women's earnings constitutes the primary factor contributing to persistent gender inequality in many countries. This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public provision of formal childcare lessens the earnings and employment impacts of children. Our analyses notably incorporate the role of grandparents as informal providers of childcare. We find that the arrival of a firstborn reduces the employment and earnings of mothers and grandmothers, suggesting that the life-cycle impact of children on women is larger than previously thought. Studying the implementation of a universal childcare program in the province of Quebec, we find that formal childcare increases the employment rates of mothers, as well as that of grandmothers to a lesser extent. Examining heterogeneity of the program's impact across census divisions, we find a negative correlation between the magnitude of the positive effects on mothers' employment and the pre-policy supply of informal childcare by grandmothers. Our findings together indicate that (1) analyses of social policies should consider broader family units and (2) the impact of childcare policies on mothers depends on pre-existing care arrangements, particularly the amount of care provided by grandparents.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/272521
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15894
    Subjects: Kinderbetreuung; Großeltern; Eltern; Reformpolitik; childcare policies; labour supply; grandparents; parents; event study; policy reform
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Tax revenue management and reform in the digital era in developing and developed countries
    Author: Martinez-Vazquez, Jorge; Sanz-Arcega, Eduardo; Tránchez-Martín, José Manuel
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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    Series: Working paper / International Center for Public Policy ; 22, 01 (January 2022)
    Subjects: Tax administration; tax compliance; policy reform; globalization; digitaleconomy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. What can we learn from the UK's post-1945 economic reforms?
    Author: Crafts, Nicholas
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  University of Warwick, Department of Economics, Coventry, United Kingdom

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    Series: Warwick economics research papers ; no: 1370 (August 2021)
    Subjects: economic growth; policy reform; post-war settlement; welfare state
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  13. Cognitive abilities and the demand for bad policy
    Author: Nunnari, Salvatore; Proto, Eugenio; Rustichini, Aldo
    Published: July 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Rational choice theories assume that voters accurately assess the outcomes of policies. However, many important policies - such as regulating prices and introducing Pigouvian taxation - yield outcomes through indirect or equilibrium effects that may... more

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    Rational choice theories assume that voters accurately assess the outcomes of policies. However, many important policies - such as regulating prices and introducing Pigouvian taxation - yield outcomes through indirect or equilibrium effects that may differ from their direct effects. Citizens may underestimate these effects, leading to a demand for bad policy, that is, opposition to reforms that would increase welfare or support for reforms that would decrease it. This appreciation might be linked to cognitive functions, raising important research questions: Do cognitive abilities influence how individuals form preferences regarding policies, especially untried reforms? If so, what is the underlying mechanism? We use a simple theoretical framework and an experiment to show that enhanced cognitive abilities may lead to better policy choices. Moreover, we emphasize the crucial role of beliefs about other citizens' cognitive abilities. These findings have important policy implications as they suggest that educational programs developing cognitive skills or interventions increasing trust in others' understanding could improve the quality of democratic decision-making in our societies.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 17112
    Subjects: voting; policy reform; political failure; cognition; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Cognitive abilities and the demand for bad policy
    Author: Nunnari, Salvatore; Proto, Eugenio; Rustichini, Aldo
    Published: July 2024
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Rational choice theories assume that voters accurately assess the outcomes of policies. However, many important policies—such as regulating prices and introducing Pigouvian taxation—yield outcomes through indirect or equilibrium effects that may... more

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    Rational choice theories assume that voters accurately assess the outcomes of policies. However, many important policies—such as regulating prices and introducing Pigouvian taxation—yield outcomes through indirect or equilibrium effects that may differ from their direct effects. Citizens may underestimate these effects, leading to a demand for bad policy, that is, opposition to reforms that would increase welfare or support for reforms that would decrease it. This appreciation might be linked to cognitive functions, raising important research questions: Do cognitive abilities influence how individuals form preferences regarding policies, especially untried reforms? If so, what is the underlying mechanism? We use a simple theoretical framework and an experiment to show that enhanced cognitive abilities may lead to better policy choices. Moreover, we emphasize the crucial role of beliefs about other citizens’ cognitive abilities. These findings have important policy implications as they suggest that educational programs developing cognitive skills or interventions increasing trust in others’ understanding could improve the quality of democratic decision-making in our societies.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/301332
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 11206 (2024)
    Subjects: voting; policy reform; political failure; cognition; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Effects of mandatory residencies on female physicians' specialty choices'
    evidence from Japan's New Medical Residency Program
    Author: Okumura, Tsunao; Ueno, Yuko; Usui, Emiko
    Published: May 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Female physicians remain underrepresented in surgical specialties in Japan. The 2004 New Postgraduate Medical Education Program mandated a two-year rotating residency that allowed residents to choose their specialty after training in multiple fields,... more

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    Female physicians remain underrepresented in surgical specialties in Japan. The 2004 New Postgraduate Medical Education Program mandated a two-year rotating residency that allowed residents to choose their specialty after training in multiple fields, including surgery. Following this reform, there was a 2.7 percentage points increase in female physicians choosing general surgery and a 1.5 percentage points increase in urology being chosen, compared to male physicians, as well as a 3.4 percentage points decrease in internal medicine being chosen. This shift of female physicians toward male-dominated surgical specialties is primarily seen in breast surgery, catering to female patients, and in urology, known for its shorter workweeks.

     
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    hdl: 10419/299918
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16990
    Subjects: specialty choice; policy reform; gender
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Can student aid policy alter spatial inequality in university enrolment?
    evidence from a policy reform in the Netherlands
    Author: Oosterhout, Kars van; Bakens, Jessie; Cörvers, Frank
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Series: ROA research memorandum / Researchcentrum voor Onderwijs en Arbeidsmarkt ; ROA-RM-2024, 1 (January 2024)
    Subjects: student aid; policy reform; university enrolment; field of study; spatial inequality; leaving home
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Design and effectiveness of start-up subsidies: evidence from a policy reform in Germany
    Author: Caliendo, Marco; Tübbicke, Stefan
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    While a growing body of literature finds positive impacts of Start-Up Subsidies (SUS) on labor market outcomes of participants, little is known about how the design of these programs shapes their effectiveness and hence how to improve policy. As... more

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    While a growing body of literature finds positive impacts of Start-Up Subsidies (SUS) on labor market outcomes of participants, little is known about how the design of these programs shapes their effectiveness and hence how to improve policy. As experimental variation in program design is unavailable, we exploit the 2011 reform of the current German SUS program for the unemployed which strengthened case-workers' discretionary power, increased entry requirements and reduced monetary support. We estimate the impact of the reform on the program's effectiveness using samples of participants and non-participants from before and after the reform. To control for time-constant unobserved heterogeneity as well as differential selection patterns based on observable characteristics over time, we combine Difference-in-Differences with inverse probability weighting using covariate balancing propensity scores. Holding participants' observed characteristics as well as macroeconomic conditions constant, the results suggest that the reform was successful in raising employment effects on average. As these findings may be contaminated by changes in selection patterns based on unobserved characteristics, we assess our results using simulation-based sensitivity analyses and find that our estimates are highly robust to changes in unobserved characteristics. Hence, the reform most likely had a positive impact on the effectiveness of the program, suggesting that increasing entry requirements and reducing support increased the program's impacts while reducing the cost per participant.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236240
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14209
    Subjects: start-up subsidies; institutions; policy reform; difference-indifferences
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Foundations of the Soviet command economy, 1917 to 1941
    Author: Harrison, Mark
    Published: March 2016
    Publisher:  University of Warwick, Department of Economics, Coventry

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Working paper series ; no. 283
    Subjects: command economy; communism; corruption; economic growth; incentives; personnel; policy reform; power; secrecy; security; Soviet Union; violence; war economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen