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  1. Bigger Than You: Big Data and Obesity
    Author: Behar, Katherine
    Published: 2016
    Publisher:  punctum books, Earth, Milky Way

    In her first inquiry toward a decelerationist aesthetics, Katherine Behar explores in this essay chapbook the rise of two “big deal” contemporary phenomena, big data and obesity. In both, scale rearticulates the human as a diffuse informational... more

     

    In her first inquiry toward a decelerationist aesthetics, Katherine Behar explores in this essay chapbook the rise of two “big deal” contemporary phenomena, big data and obesity. In both, scale rearticulates the human as a diffuse informational pattern, causing important shifts in political form as well as aesthetic form. Bigness redraws relationships between the singular and the collective. Understood as informational patterns, collectives can be radically inclusive, even incorporating nonhumans. As a result, the political subject is slowly becoming a new object. This social and informational body belongs to no single individual, but is shared in solidarity with something “bigger than you.” In decelerationist aesthetics, the aesthetic properties, proclivities, and performances of objects come to defy the accelerationist imperative to be nimbly individuated. Decelerationist aesthetics rejects atomistic, liberal, humanist subjects; this unit of self is too consonant with capitalist relations and functions. Instead, decelerationist aesthetics favors transhuman sociality embodied in particulate, mattered objects; the aesthetic form of such objects resists capitalist speed and immediacy by taking back and taking up space and time. In just this way, big data calls into question the conventions by which humans are defined as discrete entities, and individual scales of agency are made to form central binding pillars of social existence through which bodies are drawn into relations of power and pathos

     
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    Source: OAPEN
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Subjects: Cultural studies
    Other subjects: big data; computing; cultural studies; obesity; technology
    Scope: 1 electronic resource (70 p.)
  2. Veränderung des Bewegungs- und Ernährungsverhaltens adipöser Personen
    : eine Evaluation des M.O.B.I.L.I.S. - Interventionsprogramms
    Author: Schlatterer, Martina Susanne
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Universität, Freiburg

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Fuchs, Reinhard (Akademischer Betreuer)
    Language: German
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Subjects: Fettsucht; Gewichtsabnahme; Motivation; Wollen; Ambulante Behandlung; Verhaltensmodifikation; Bewegungsverhalten; Ernährungsgewohnheit; Online-Ressource
    Other subjects: obesity; cognitive-behavioral intervention; weight loss; eating behavior; physical exercise; (local)doctoralThesis
    Scope: Online-Ressource
    Notes:

    Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 2013
  3. Pattern and Determinants of Obesity among Makola Market Women, Ghana
    Author: Ayitey-Adjin, Ivy
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783330318618; 3330318619
    Other identifier:
    9783330318618
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    Other subjects: (Produktform)Electronic book text; Accra; BMI; Informal Work; obesity; Waist Circumference; Makola Market Women; Obeesogenic Environment; (VLB-WN)1726: Soziologie/Frauenforschung, Geschlechterforschung
    Scope: Online-Ressourcen, 188 Seiten
    Notes:

    Lizenzpflichtig. - Vom Verlag als Druckwerk on demand und/oder als E-Book angeboten
  4. Globalisation and national trends in nutrition and health
    a grouped fixed-effects approach to inter-country heterogeneity
    Author: Oberländer, Lisa; Disdier, Anne-Célia; Etilé, Fabrice
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques, Paris

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / Paris School of Economics ; no 2016, 24
    Subjects: nutrition transition; obesity; social globalisation; trade openness; grouped fixed effects; panel data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Promoting healthy living in Latin America and the Caribbean
    governance of multisectoral activities to prevent risk factors for noncommunicable diseases
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    The Latin American and Caribbean region has been undergoing a rapid demographic and epidemiological transition, which has had important health and economic consequences. Not only is the population aging rapidly, it is also experiencing major... more

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    The Latin American and Caribbean region has been undergoing a rapid demographic and epidemiological transition, which has had important health and economic consequences. Not only is the population aging rapidly, it is also experiencing major lifestyle changes. These changes, in turn, have altered the disease and mortality profile of the region, resulting in a greater weight of noncommunicable diseases-such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes-within the overall disease burden. As they affect more and more people, noncommunicable diseases pose a growing economic and development threat

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464800177
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/16376
    Series: Array
    Directions in Development--Human Development
    Subjects: Gesundheitsvorsorge; Gesundheitspolitik; Gesundheitsrisiko; Lateinamerika; Karibischer Raum; disability; economic impact; NCDs; health systems cost; intermediate risk factors; high blood pressure/hypertension; high blood cholesterol; high blood glucose; overweight; obesity; modifiable behavioral risk factors; unhealthy diets; physical inactivity; tobacco use; alcohol abuse; multi-sectoral interventions; non-communicable diseases; population aging
    Scope: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 221 S.), graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Description based upon print version of record

    Enth. 6 Beitr

    Front Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Tables; Figures; Box; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Overview; The Health and Economic Burden of NCDs in LAC; Risk Factors for NCDs in LAC; International Experience in Multisectoral Interventions to Prevent Health Risk Factors: Overcoming Governance Challenges Involved in Their Design and Implementation; Multisectoral Interventions to Prevent Health Risk Factors in LAC-The Unfinished Agenda; Notes; Bibliography; Introduction; Note; Bibliography; Chapter 1 Noncommunicable Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean

    Who Is Most Affected?Differences in NCD Death Rates by Sex; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 2 Risk Factors for NCDs in Latin America and the Caribbean; Chapter 3 Economic Impact of NCDs in Latin America and the Caribbean; Chapter 4 Governance of Multisectoral Interventions to Promote Healthy Living: International Examples; Chapter 5 Multisectoral Interventions to Promote Healthy Living in Latin America and the Caribbean; Chapter 6 Lessons Learned and Agenda for the Future

    Appendix A Survey Sources, Health Status Surveyed, and Information on NCDs and Disability, for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, and Honduras, Various YearsAppendix B Dietary Analysis Methodology; Back Cover
  6. The Long-Run Effects of Sports Club Vouchers for Primary School Children
    Author: Marcus, Jan; Siedler, Thomas; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Universität Potsdam, Potsdam

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Edition: Thus version: June 25,2021
    Series: CEPA discussion papers ; No. 34
    Subjects: crowding out; habit formation; obesity; objective health measures; physical activity; primary school; school health examinations; taxpayer subsidies; voucher; windfall gains
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (72 Seiten, 3356 KB)
    Notes:

    Gesehen am 07.07.2021

    Starting in 2009, the German state of Saxony distributed sports club membership vouchers among all 33,000 third graders in the state. The policy’s objective was to encourage them to develop a long-term habit of exercising. In 2018, we carried out a large register-based survey among several cohorts in Saxony and two neighboring states. Our difference-in-differences estimations show that, even after a decade, awareness of the voucher program was significantly higher in the treatment group. We also find that youth received and redeemed the vouchers. However, we do not find significant short- or long-term effects on sports club membership, physical activity, overweightness, or motor skills
  7. Earmarking and the political support of fat taxes
    Author: Cremer, Helmuth; Goulaõ, Catarina; Roeder, Kerstin
    Published: Revised August 2015
    Publisher:  TSE, Toulouse

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    VS 330 (595)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Edition: April 2015, revised August 2015
    Series: Working papers / TSE ; 595
    Subjects: obesity; fat tax; misperception; voting; earmarking
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
  8. How major risk factors influence mortality trends in the National Health Interview Survey
    Author: Preston, Samuel H.; Vierboom, Yana
    Published: 6-10-2022
    Publisher:  Population Studies Center, [Philadelphia, PA]

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Population Center Working Papers (PSC/PARC) / Population Studies Center ; 2022, 93
    Subjects: mortality; risk factors; smoking; obesity; alcohol consumption; mental health; health insurance coverage; educational attainment; NHIS; National Health Interview Survey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  9. Only the fit survive recessions
    estimating labor market penalties for the obese over the business cycle
    Author: Inafuku, Rachel
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Economics, Honolulu, HI

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    Series: Working paper series / University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Economics ; no. 22, 01
    Subjects: obesity; business cycle; discrimination
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. A model of errors in BMI based on selfreported and measured anthropometrics with evidence from Brazilian data
    Author: Davillas, Apostolos; Silva, Víctor Hugo de Oliveira; Jones, Andrew M.
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The economics of obesity literature implicitly assumes that measured anthropometrics are error-free and they are often treated as a gold standard when compared to self-reported data. We use factor mixture models to analyse and characterize... more

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    The economics of obesity literature implicitly assumes that measured anthropometrics are error-free and they are often treated as a gold standard when compared to self-reported data. We use factor mixture models to analyse and characterize measurement error in both self-reported and measured anthropometrics with national representative data from the 2013 National Health Survey in Brazil. Indeed, a small but statistically significant fraction of measured anthropometrics are attributed to data-recording errors. The estimated mean body weight (height) for those cases that are subject to error is 10% higher (2.9% lower) than the estimated mean of latent true body weight (height). As they are imprecisely measured and due to individual's reporting behaviour, only between 10% and 24% of our self-reported anthropometrics are free from any measurement error. Post-estimation analysis allows us to calculate hybrid anthropometric predictions that best approximate the true body weight and height distribution. BMI distributions based on the hybrid measures are close to those based on measured data, while BMI based on self-reported data under-estimates the true BMI distribution. Analysis of regression models for health care utilization shows little differences between the relationship with BMI when it is based on measured data or on our hybrid BMI measure, however some differences are observed when both are compared to BMI based on self-reported data.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263596
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15380
    Subjects: body mass index; measurement error; mixture models; obesity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The likely fiscal and public health effects of an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Kenya
    Author: Walbeek, C. P. van; Mthembu, Senzo
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  The International Centre for Tax and Development at the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781781189931
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    Series: ICTD working paper ; 141
    Subjects: non-communicable diseases; body mass index; fiscal policies; sugar-sweetened beverages; overweightness; obesity; excise tax; SSB consumption
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The effect of higher education on women's obesity and smoking
    evidence from college openings in Turkey
    Author: Baltagi, Badi H.; Flores-Lagunes, Alfonso; Karatas, Haci M.
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper analyzes the relationship between higher education and body weight and smoking behavior among women in Turkey. We exploit the largely exogenous and substantial increase in the openings of universities throughout Turkey. Based on the... more

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    This paper analyzes the relationship between higher education and body weight and smoking behavior among women in Turkey. We exploit the largely exogenous and substantial increase in the openings of universities throughout Turkey. Based on the spatial and temporal variability of university openings, we construct college accessibility measures at the level of the city of residence when the woman turned 17 years of age to serve as instruments for college enrollment. The college accessibility measures have a substantial 5 percentage-point (about 80%) impact on the probability of college enrollment, and we show they also impact lower levels of schooling, likely through expectations. Using the college accessibility measures as instruments for college enrollment, we find that a one percentage point increase in the probability of college enrollment reduces BMI by about 0.21% and the probability of being classified as obese by 0.44 percentage points. Regarding smoking, we find that a similar increase in the probability of college enrollment increases the probability of being a current smoker by 0.73 to 1.1 percentage points. Both results contrast with previous findings for Turkey and other countries, likely denoting heterogeneities in the level of schooling considered (primary or secondary versus tertiary) and in the level of economic development of these countries.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263513
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15297
    Subjects: health; tertiary education; women; body mass index; obesity; smoking; Turkey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The effect of health insurance on child nutritional outcomes
    evidence from a regression discontinuity design in Peru
    Author: Bernal, Noelia; Costa-Font, Joan; Ritter, Patricia
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Although a significant number of middle and low-income countries have expanded access to subsidized health insurance, it still is unclear whether these insurance expansions improve children's health, This paper exploits quasi-random variation from an... more

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    Although a significant number of middle and low-income countries have expanded access to subsidized health insurance, it still is unclear whether these insurance expansions improve children's health, This paper exploits quasi-random variation from an insurance expansion targeted at poor households in Peru to investigate its effects on nutrition related children's health, We find that access to insurance reduces childhood obesity and exerts positive and economically significant effects on some preventive health care utilization and behaviours, That is, we show that insurance eligibility improves children's regular growth check-ups and deworming treatments, consistent with an increased awareness of children's weight and height and improvements on preventive health behaviours: namely, an increase in the duration of breastfeeding, and a substitution of the provision of food rich in carbohydrates for food rich in proteins, In contrast, we do not find any significant effect on other outcomes that are found to be sensitive to other interventions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265922
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9887 (2022)
    Subjects: children’s health; obesity; overweight; public health insurance; health behaviors; nutrition; breast-feeding
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The effect of health insurance on child nutritional outcomes
    evidence from a regression discontinuity design in Peru
    Author: Bernal, Noelia; Costa-Font, Joan; Ritter, Patricia
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study the effect of health insurance expansion on nutrition-related children's health outcomes. We exploit quasi-random variation from an insurance expansion targeted at poor households in Peru. We find that access to insurance reduces childhood... more

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    We study the effect of health insurance expansion on nutrition-related children's health outcomes. We exploit quasi-random variation from an insurance expansion targeted at poor households in Peru. We find that access to insurance reduces childhood obesity and exerts positive and economically significant effects on some preventive health care utilization and behaviours, such as children's regular growth checks-ups and deworming treatments, the duration of breastfeeding, and a substitution of foods rich in carbohydrates for other foods rich in proteins. In contrast, we do not find any effect on other outcomes typically related to other interventions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265711
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15490
    Subjects: children’'s health; obesity; overweight; public health insurance; health behaviors; nutrition; breast-feeding
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Does college selectivity reduce obesity?
    a partial identification approach
    Author: Brunello, Giorgio; Christelis, Dimitris; Sanz de Galdeano, Anna; Terskaya, Anastasia
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to investigate whether the quality of tertiary education -measured by college selectivity- causally affects obesity prevalence in the medium run (by age 24-34) and in the... more

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    We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to investigate whether the quality of tertiary education -measured by college selectivity- causally affects obesity prevalence in the medium run (by age 24-34) and in the longer run (about 10 years later). We use partial identification methods, which allow us, while relying on weak assumptions, to overcome the potential endogeneity of college selectivity as well as the potential violation of the stable unit treatment value assumption due to students interacting with each other, and to obtain informative identification regions for the average treatment effect of college selectivity on obesity. We find that attending a more selective college causally reduces obesity, both in the medium and in the longer run. We provide evidence that the mechanisms through which the impact of college selectivity on obesity operates include an increase in income, a reduction in physical inactivity and in the consumption of fast food and sweetened drinks.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/267349
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15612
    Subjects: obesity; college selectivity; partial identification
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten)
  16. Projection of US adult obesity trends based on individual BMI trajectories
    Author: Todd, Nicolas; Myrskylä, Mikko
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: MPIDR working paper ; WP 2022, 034 (December 2022)
    Subjects: projections; obesity; time spent obese; BMI trajectory reconstruction
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Socioeconomic factors associated with being overweight or obese in Suriname
    Author: Khadan, Jeetendra; Spencer, Nekeisha; Strobl, Eric; Bose-Duker, Theophiline
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist, [Washington, DC]

    This paper applies probit regression models to a nationally representative household survey dataset collected in 2016-2017 to analyze the relationships between various socio-demographic variables and adult Body Mass Index (BMI) in Suriname. Our... more

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    This paper applies probit regression models to a nationally representative household survey dataset collected in 2016-2017 to analyze the relationships between various socio-demographic variables and adult Body Mass Index (BMI) in Suriname. Our results indicate that women, the elderly, and couples either married and/or living together are more likely to be obese or overweight. As expected, this is also true for individuals who have chronic illnesses. The analysis also finds that individuals who engage in a sport or in other forms of exercise, even if modest, have lower odds of being overweight or obese. Interestingly, the findings indicate that individuals who benefit from government social safety net programs are less likely to be associated with being overweight or obese. The results of this study have implications for the adjustment of current Surinamese nutritional guidelines as well as the design and implementation of targeted obesity-reduction policies that recognize that being overweight is influenced by various characteristics. Although the results are country-specific, they have the potential to influence action in all countries in the Caribbean that lack policies to address obesity.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237467
    Series: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-1172
    Subjects: BMI; overweight; obesity; Suriname; policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The dietary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
    Author: O'Connell, Martin; Smith, Kate; Stroud, Rebekah
    Published: 01 Jul 2021
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in where people work, eat and socialise. We use novel data on the food and non-alcoholic drink purchases from stores, takeaways, restaurants and other outlets to quantify the impact of the pandemic... more

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in where people work, eat and socialise. We use novel data on the food and non-alcoholic drink purchases from stores, takeaways, restaurants and other outlets to quantify the impact of the pandemic on the diets of a large, representative panel of British households. We find that a substantial and persistent increase in calories consumed at home more than offset reductions in calories eaten out. By May 2020 (towards the end of the UK’s first national lockdown), total calories were, on average, 15% above normal levels, and they remained higher than normal for the rest of 2020. All socioeconomic groups increased their calorie purchases, with the largest rises for the highest SES households and the smallest for retired ones. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated changes in people’s lifestyles have exacerbated the challenges of improving population diet and reducing obesity levels.

     
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    hdl: 10419/242917
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 18
    Subjects: obesity; COVID-19; health; diet; nutrition; pandemic
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The Long-Run Effects of Sports Club Vouchers for Primary School Children
    Author: Marcus, Jan; Siedler, Thomas; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Universität Potsdam, Potsdam

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Edition: Thus version: June 25,2021
    Series: CEPA discussion papers ; No. 34
    Subjects: crowding out; habit formation; obesity; objective health measures; physical activity; primary school; school health examinations; taxpayer subsidies; voucher; windfall gains
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (72 Seiten, 3356 KB)
    Notes:

    Gesehen am 07.07.2021

    Starting in 2009, the German state of Saxony distributed sports club membership vouchers among all 33,000 third graders in the state. The policy’s objective was to encourage them to develop a long-term habit of exercising. In 2018, we carried out a large register-based survey among several cohorts in Saxony and two neighboring states. Our difference-in-differences estimations show that, even after a decade, awareness of the voucher program was significantly higher in the treatment group. We also find that youth received and redeemed the vouchers. However, we do not find significant short- or long-term effects on sports club membership, physical activity, overweightness, or motor skills
  20. Obesity and its impact on COVID occurrence
    evidence from India
    Author: Dang, Archana; Gupta, Indrani
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: IEG working paper ; no. 430
    Subjects: COVID; overweight; obesity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Social costs of obesity in the Czech Republic
    Author: Landovská, Petra
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Prague

    Increasing prevalence of obesity is a pressing public health issue in the Czech Republic as well as world-wide, affecting up to 2.1 billion people. In the Czech Republic, 20-25% of adults and an increasing number of children are obese now. Given that... more

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    Increasing prevalence of obesity is a pressing public health issue in the Czech Republic as well as world-wide, affecting up to 2.1 billion people. In the Czech Republic, 20-25% of adults and an increasing number of children are obese now. Given that obesity is a chronic disease which is associated with several serious comorbidities, it generates large social costs. The main aim of this study was to estimate both direct and indirect costs of obesity in the Czech Republic. Social costs of obesity are estimated using the cost-of-illness approach. Population attributable fractions (PAF) are computed based on prevalence of obesity in the Czech Republic and relative risks of 19 comorbidities. Direct costs (healthcare utilization costs and costs of pharmacotherapy) are estimated using the top-down approach, while indirect costs (absenteeism, presenteeism and premature mortality) are estimated using the human capital approach. In aggregate, the annual costs attributable to obesity in the Czech Republic in 2018 were 37.3 billion CZK (1.5 billion EUR). Direct costs were 13.1 billion CZK (0.5 billion EUR) and accounted for 3% of Czech healthcare expenditures. The highest healthcare utilization costs were attributable to type II diabetes (21.7%), ischemic heart disease (18.4%) and osteoarthritis (16.9%). The largest indirect costs were attributable to premature mortality (9.2 billion CZK/0.36 billion EUR), absenteeism (8.7 billion CZK/0.34 billion EUR) and presenteeism (6.3 billion CZK/0.25 billion EUR). This report demonstrates that obesity is a serious problem with considerable costs. Several preventive interventions should be applied in order to decrease the prevalence of obesity and achieve cost savings.

     
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    Series: IES working paper ; 2021, 33
    Subjects: obesity; social costs; cost-of-illness study; Czech Republic
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  22. Self-control and unhealthy body weight: the role of impulsivity and restraint
    Author: Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.; Dahmann, Sarah C.; Kamhöfer, Daniel A.; Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah
    Published: January 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the relationship between trait self-control and body weight. Data from a population representative household survey reveal that limited self-control is strongly associated with both objective and subjective measures of unhealthy body... more

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    We examine the relationship between trait self-control and body weight. Data from a population representative household survey reveal that limited self-control is strongly associated with both objective and subjective measures of unhealthy body weight. Those with limited self-control are characterized by reduced exercising, repeated dieting, unhealthier eating habits, and poorer nutrition. We propose an empirical method to isolate two facets of self-control limitations - high impulsivity and low restraint. Each has differential predictive power. Physical activity, dieting, and overall body weight are more strongly associated with restraint; impulsivity is more predictive of when, where, and what people eat.

     
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    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14987
    Subjects: brief self-control scale; obesity; body mass index; diet; exercise
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  23. Uncovering the roots of obesity-based wage discrimination: the role of job characteristics
    Author: Dolado, Juan J.; Guerra, Airam
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper investigates the roots of labour market discrimination underlying the negative correlation between body fat percentage and wages. Using a large panel dataset of individuals drawn from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97)... more

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    This paper investigates the roots of labour market discrimination underlying the negative correlation between body fat percentage and wages. Using a large panel dataset of individuals drawn from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) for the US, we test whether residual wage gaps (once observed differences in productivity related to obesity are controlled for) are due to prejudice (taste-based discrimination) or statistical discrimination. Our main contribution is to examine how these two types of discrimination hinge on a wide range of obese individuals' specific job and occupational characteristics (drawn from the O * Net Online database). Our analysis sheds light on whether discrimination originates from the attitudes of clients, fellow-workers or employers. We find strong empirical evidence supporting taste-based discrimination against obese females, especially as they become older, in jobs requiring frequent communication with either clients or employers. The evidence on this issue for males is weaker. These differences may be explained both by an over-representation of males among employers and different image concerns against people of the same gender.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250596
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14935
    Subjects: obesity; wages; job characteristics; NLSY97; O*Net Online
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  24. Non-paternalistic foundation of sugar taxation and missing markets for sugar content
    Author: Eichner, Thomas; Runkel, Marco
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper provides a new foundation of soft drink taxation. We abstract from externalities and internalities previously used to justify such taxation and, instead, emphasize that neither explicit nor implicit markets and prices for sugar content can... more

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    This paper provides a new foundation of soft drink taxation. We abstract from externalities and internalities previously used to justify such taxation and, instead, emphasize that neither explicit nor implicit markets and prices for sugar content can be expected to emerge. Hence, in the absence of any regulation, the sugar content of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) would be inefficiently high. This market failure can be corrected by a tax on the sugar content per unit of the SSB. However, a sugar content tax alone leads to an unintended downward distortion of the quantity of SSBs, which has to be corrected by an additional revenue-neutral subsidy on each unit of the SSB.

     
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    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9583 (2022)
    Subjects: obesity; sugar-sweetened beverages; sugar content; sugar content tax; soft drink subsidy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten)
  25. Swallow this
    childhood and adolescent exposure to fast food restaurants, BMI, and cognitive ability
    Author: Abrahamsson, Sara; Bütikofer, Aline; Karbownik, Krzysztof
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using spatial and temporal variation in openings of fast food restaurants in Norway between 1980 and 2007, we study the effects of changes in the supply of high caloric nutrition on the health and cognitive ability of young adult males. Our results... more

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    Using spatial and temporal variation in openings of fast food restaurants in Norway between 1980 and 2007, we study the effects of changes in the supply of high caloric nutrition on the health and cognitive ability of young adult males. Our results indicate that exposure to these establishments during childhood and adolescence increases BMI and has negative effects on cognition. Heterogeneity analysis does not reveal meaningful differences in the effects across groups, including for those with adverse prenatal health or high paternal BMI, an exception being that cognition is only affected by exposure at ages 0–12 and this effect is mediated by paternal education.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272736
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16109
    Subjects: fast food restaurants; food supply; BMI; obesity; cognitive ability
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen