Results for *

Displaying results 1 to 20 of 20.

  1. Think big - shop small
    unique stores and contemporary retail design
  2. Designing coffee
    new coffee places and branding
  3. Sind Selbständige zeit- und einkommensarm?
    eine Mikroanalyse der Dynamik interdependenter multidimensionaler Armut mit dem sozio-ökonomischen Panel und den deutschen Zeitbudgeterhebungen
  4. Designing coffee
    new coffee places and branding
    Contributor: Kingston, Lani (Herausgeber)
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  gestalten, Berlin

    Cutting-edge design and unique spaces created for indulging coffee around the world that make your heart go faster.Over the past few years, the world of coffee has kickstarted a movement of cultural and creative influence. From unique jute bags,... more

    Hochschulbibliothek der Fachhochschule Aachen
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan
    Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Service Kommunikation Information Medien
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan
    FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan

     

    Cutting-edge design and unique spaces created for indulging coffee around the world that make your heart go faster.Over the past few years, the world of coffee has kickstarted a movement of cultural and creative influence. From unique jute bags, logos, or merchandise—cafes, roasters, and coffee shops around the globe are experimenting with new ways to provide spaces and product packaging that stand out from the crowd. Designing Coffee explores what it takes to curate some of the most innovative and eclectic coffee shops of today, from brand identity and packaging, through to interior design and architecture. Celebrating unique spaces, such as the minimalist, tea-house-like coffeeshops of Japan or communist themed cafes in Vietnam, this book provides advice on how to create a unique space of your own In den letzten Jahren ist rund um das Thema Kaffee ein kleiner Design-Kosmos entstanden. Cafés, Kaffeebars und unabhängige Röstereien sind Anziehungspunkte in jeder Stadt und locken mit origineller Innenarchitektur ihre Gäste. Die Bandbreite ihres visuellen Auftritts, ihrer Logos und Verpackungen reicht dabei von Letterpress und Vintage über Sixties bis zur Gen Z.Designing Coffee beleuchtet diese Vielfalt, von minimalistischen japanischen Kaffeebars, die an Teehäuser erinnern, über Spielarten des kalifornischen Diners bis zu schicken Cafés in Paris oder Mailand. Dabei werden nicht nur Einrichtung und Grafik gezeigt – Kaffee-Expertin Lani Kingston beschreibt, was Gäste heute verlangen und was man wissen sollte, um eine eigene Kaffeebar zu eröffnen

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
  5. Optimal income taxation
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    No inter-library loan
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
  6. Marginal tax changes with risky investment
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Banco de España, Madrid

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    VS 470
    No inter-library loan
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 2116
    Subjects: risky investment; elasticity of taxable income; life-cycle; entrepreneurs; structural estimation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Improving entrepreneurs' digital skills and firms' digital competencies through business apps training
    a study of small firms
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The lack of awareness of digital services and outcomes is a concern in business environments since small firms need to improve their digital competencies. The present exploratory study investigated whether business apps training was associated with... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 4
    No inter-library loan

     

    The lack of awareness of digital services and outcomes is a concern in business environments since small firms need to improve their digital competencies. The present exploratory study investigated whether business apps training was associated with entrepreneurs' and firms' digital advancements. The business apps training was offered to migrant entrepreneurs running small firms in Athens (Greece) over three months, with data collected before and after the training. The analysis revealed that business apps training was positively associated with entrepreneurs' attitudes toward technology, willingness to change (relating to technology/skills/operations), and internet/digital skills, as well as increased use of business apps. Moreover, the training was positively associated with firms' digital competencies related to communication, networking, social media, customer relationship management, payments, accounting and finance, and project management operations. Furthermore, the business apps training was positively associated with migrant entrepreneurs' integration into Greek society. Given the increased number of migrants in Europe, factors that positively impact their entrepreneurship and integration merit consideration. The study provides researchers with a systematic method for evaluating the association between business app training and entrepreneurs' and firms' digital advancements.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263420
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15204
    Subjects: training; entrepreneurs; small firms; business apps; digital skills; digital competencies; artificial intelligence; integration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Marginal tax rates and income in the long run
    evidence from a structural estimation
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    VS 461
    No inter-library loan
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Edition: Updated January 2022
    Series: Economics discussion paper series / The University of Manchester ; EDP-21, 05
    Subjects: marginal tax rate changes; elasticity of taxable income; life-cycle; entrepreneurs; structural estimation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Class grievances
    the Arab uprisings and beyond
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    VS 592
    No inter-library loan
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: ERF working papers series ; no. 1685 (December 2023)
    Subjects: Arab uprisings; entrepreneurs; corruption; Egypt; Syria; Yemen
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Business report guides
    research reports and business plans
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Business Expert Press, New York, New York

    Offers strategies for creating two complex reports. Also, it includes a complete replica of a business research report and a business plan. The guides for both reports emphasize thorough planning and preparation and take readers through these... more

    Access:
    Verlag (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliotheks-und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (BIS)
    No inter-library loan

     

    Offers strategies for creating two complex reports. Also, it includes a complete replica of a business research report and a business plan. The guides for both reports emphasize thorough planning and preparation and take readers through these essential steps. Additional guides aid readers in writing, producing, and presenting research reports and business plans. This book is for you if you are an MBA candidate or an upper-level student in any professional field OR if you are a business manager or other professional whose career involves (1) conducting business research and generating reports for others in and outside your organization or (2) attracting investors for starting an organization or changing an existing one.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781949443738
    Edition: First edition
    Series: Corporate communication collection
    Subjects: Business report writing; conclusions; entrepreneurs; executive summary; findings; future development; investors; management plan; marketing plan; online formats; operational plan; primary data collection; pro forma financial statements; recommendations; report deck format; report preliminaries; risks and contingencies; source citations; venture strategy; visuals
    Scope: 1 online resource (190 pages), illustrations
    Notes:

    Includes bibliographical references (pages 181-185) and index. - Title from PDF title page (viewed on January 19, 2019)

  11. Economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship and small businesses
    Published: August 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The existential threat to small businesses, based on their crucial role in the economy, is behind the plethora of scholarly studies in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining the 14 contributions of the special issue on the "Economic... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 4
    No inter-library loan

     

    The existential threat to small businesses, based on their crucial role in the economy, is behind the plethora of scholarly studies in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining the 14 contributions of the special issue on the "Economic Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses," the paper comprises four parts: a systematic review of the literature on the effect on entrepreneurship and small businesses; a discussion of four literature strands based on this review; an overview of the contributions in this special issue; and some ideas for post-pandemic economic research.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245681
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14630
    Subjects: small businesses; entrepreneurs; COVID-19; economic effects
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The non-linear impact of risk tolerance on entrepreneurial profit and business survival
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    Entrepreneurs tend to be risk tolerant but is more risk tolerance always better? In a sample of about 2,100 small businesses, we find an inverted U-shaped relation between risk tolerance and profitability. This relationship holds in a simple... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 14
    No inter-library loan

     

    Entrepreneurs tend to be risk tolerant but is more risk tolerance always better? In a sample of about 2,100 small businesses, we find an inverted U-shaped relation between risk tolerance and profitability. This relationship holds in a simple bilateral regression and also when we control for a large set of individual and business characteristics. Apparently, one major transmission goes from risk tolerance via investments to profits. This is quite robust as it applies for past investments as well as planned investments. Considering business survival, we show, first, that less profitable businesses leave the market while moderately risk tolerant entrepreneurs survive more often. Second, the high risk-low profit part of the U-shaped relation seems to disappear among businesses being four years and older, indicating that such inferior risk-profit combinations disappear over time. These findings are important for the concept of business readiness trainings as the motivation (and ability) to take risks should potentially be accompanied by some warning that too much risk taking can be detrimental to long-term business success.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283245
    Series: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 2067
    Subjects: risk tolerance; entrepreneurs; profits; investments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Taxing consumption in unequal economies
    Published: November 2022
    Publisher:  School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    VS 461
    No inter-library loan
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Economics discussion paper series / The University of Manchester ; EDP-22, 10
    Subjects: optimal policy; inequality; consumption taxation; life-cycle; entrepreneurs
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Are immigrants particularly entrepreneurial?
    policy lessons from a selective immigration system
    Published: October 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Firm ownership is a dening feature of immigrant adaptation: 41% of immigrants own a firm at some point in their first 10 years post-arrival. We use Canadian data linking immigrant arrival records with individual and firm tax data to examine the... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 4
    No inter-library loan

     

    Firm ownership is a dening feature of immigrant adaptation: 41% of immigrants own a firm at some point in their first 10 years post-arrival. We use Canadian data linking immigrant arrival records with individual and firm tax data to examine the process of entering firm ownership for immigrants. Higher immigrant firm ownership rates are mainly due to nonincorporated firm ownership, which looks like a last resort. Human capital plays no role in the opening of preferable, incorporated firms. Immigrants are not more entrepreneurial in terms of opening incorporated firms with employees, and standard policy levers appear to have limited effects.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282642
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16515
    Subjects: immigration; entrepreneurs; human capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Competitiveness of entrepreneurs and salaried workers
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We measure the willingness to compete of entrepreneurs and salaried workers in an experiment. We let participants choose between a piece-rate and a tournament scheme either in private or in public. We find that in the private condition entrepreneurs... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 4
    No inter-library loan

     

    We measure the willingness to compete of entrepreneurs and salaried workers in an experiment. We let participants choose between a piece-rate and a tournament scheme either in private or in public. We find that in the private condition entrepreneurs are less competitive than salaried workers, but that in the public condition this ordering is reversed. Data from a follow-up survey suggest that social image concerns of entrepreneurs and perceived norms can explain why entrepreneurs are more competitive when decisions are publicly observable. Our survey also reveals that more competitive entrepreneurs earn higher profits in their businesses.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232921
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14169
    Subjects: ompetitiveness; entrepreneurs; salaried workers; profits; field behavior; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Intensity of time and income interdependent multidimensional poverty
    well-being and minimum 2DGAP ; German evidence
    Published: 2011
    Publisher:  FFB, Lüneburg

    It is common sense that (liberal) professions and entrepreneurs (tradesmen) as self-employed are rich by money and, because of their independence and time sovereignty, are rich by time, too. This study tries to shed empirically based light on the... more

    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek - Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek
    5 Kap. 825
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 1778 (92)
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    12-4109
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    bibliographischer Nachweis ohne Bestand
    No inter-library loan

     

    It is common sense that (liberal) professions and entrepreneurs (tradesmen) as self-employed are rich by money and, because of their independence and time sovereignty, are rich by time, too. This study tries to shed empirically based light on the issue and the well-being situation of the professions and entrepreneurs in particular by asking not only about income poverty but also about time poverty within the framework of a new interdependent multidimensional poverty approach. Database is the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for the evaluation of the substitution/trade-off of genuine leisure time and income as well as the German Time Use Surveys (GTUS) 1991/92 and 2001/02 for the actual poverty analyses. Altogether, compared to employees a particular concernment of multidimensional time and income poverty of professions and notably entrepreneurs is identified; a result which is in contrast to common valuation. A remarkable percentage of the not income poor but time poor employees in general, and professions as well as entrepreneurs in particular, is not able to compensate their time deficit by income. These individuals are neglected in the poverty and well-being discussion so far, in the discussion about the “woorking poor” as well as in the discussion concerning time stress and time presure in generall, and for professions as well as entrepreneurs in particular.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
  17. Sind Selbständige zeit- und einkommensarm?
    eine Mikroanalyse der Dynamik interdependenter multidimensionaler Armut mit dem Sozio-ökonomischen Panel und den deutschen Zeitbudgeterhebungen
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  FFB, Lüneburg

    Nach herkömmlicher Meinung sind Selbständige - als Freiberufler und Unternehmer (Gewerbetreibende) - nicht nur einkommensreich sondern auch zeitreich, da sie aufgrund ihrer Unabhängigkeit und Zeitsouveränität auch verhältnismäßig viel und disponible... more

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 384 (82)
    No inter-library loan

     

    Nach herkömmlicher Meinung sind Selbständige - als Freiberufler und Unternehmer (Gewerbetreibende) - nicht nur einkommensreich sondern auch zeitreich, da sie aufgrund ihrer Unabhängigkeit und Zeitsouveränität auch verhältnismäßig viel und disponible Zeit zur Verfügung haben. Unsere Studie untersucht diese These und damit erstmals die Wohlfahrtssituation von Selbständigen indem nicht nur nach der Einkommensarmut gefragt wird, sondern auch Zeitarmut im Rahmen eines neuen interdependenten multidimensionalen Armutskonzepts Berücksichtigung findet. Datenbasis ist einerseits das Sozio-ökonomische Panel für die bevölkerungsrepräsentative Bewertung der Substitutionalität/trade-off zwischen genuiner, persönlicher Freizeit und Einkommen als auch die beiden Zeitbudgeterhebungen 1992/92 und 2001/2 des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Zentrales Ergebnis: Selbständige sind hinsichtlich alleiniger Einkommensarmut,alleiniger Zeitarmut und interdependenter multidimensionaler Zeit- und Einkommensarmut in beiden Jahren weit stärker betroffen als alle anderen Gruppen der armen Erwerbstätigen, der "working poor". Ein erheblicher Anteil von nicht-einkommensarmen aber zeitarmen Erwerbstätigen generell, und Selbständige im Besonderen, ist nicht in der Lage, ihr Zeitdefizit durch ihr Einkommen zu kompensieren. Würde man Selbständige bei der Armuts- und Wohlfahrtsdiskussion außen vor lassen, so würde eine bedeutende Gruppe der "working poor" zu unrecht vernachlässigt. -- Selbständige ; Freiberufler und Unternehmer ; Interdependente multidimensionale Armut ; Zeit- und Einkommensarmut ; Substitution von Zeit und Einkommen ; Schätzung einer CES-Wohlfahrtsfunktion ; arme Erwerbstätige ("working poor") ; Deutsches Sozio-oekonomisches Panel ; Deutsche Zeitbudgeterhebungen 1991/92 und 2001/02 It is common sense that the self-employed - as professions and entrepreneurs - are rich by money and, because of their independence and time sovereignty, are rich by time, too. However, time stress and the variety of small businesses sometimes tell another story. This study tries to shed empirically based light on the issue and its dynamics by asking not only about income poverty but also about time poverty within the framework of a new interdependent multidimensional poverty approach. Database is the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for the evaluation of the substitution/trade-off of genuine leisure time and income as well as the German Time Use Surveys (GTUS) 1991/92 and 2001/02 for the actual poverty analyses. Main result: The self-employed are more often affected by single income poverty, single time poverty as well as interdependent multidimensional time and income poverty than all other poor employees ("working poor") for both periods of observation. A remarkable percentage of not income poor but time poor employees in general, and the self-employed in particular, is not able to compensate their time deficit by income. Neglecting the self-employed in the poverty and well-being discussion would disregard an important group of the "working poor". -- Self-employed ; liberal professions (Freie Berufe) ; entrepreneurs ; interdependent multidimensional time and income poverty ; time and income substitution ; extended economic well-being ; satisfaction/happiness ; CES welfare function estimation ; working poor ; German Socio-Economic Panel ; German Time Use Surveys 1991/92 and 2001/02

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
  18. Zeit- und Einkommensarmut von Freien Berufen und Unternehmern
    Published: 2011
    Publisher:  FFB, Lüneburg

    It is common sense that (liberal) professions and entrepreneurs (tradesmen) as self-employed are rich by money and, because of their independence and time sovereignty, are rich by time, too. This study tries to shed empirically based light on the... more

    Access:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 384 (89)
    No inter-library loan
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    bibliographischer Nachweis ohne Bestand
    No inter-library loan

     

    It is common sense that (liberal) professions and entrepreneurs (tradesmen) as self-employed are rich by money and, because of their independence and time sovereignty, are rich by time, too. This study tries to shed empirically based light on the issue and the well-being situation of the professions and entrepreneurs in particular by asking not only about income poverty but also about time poverty within the framework of a new interdependent multidimensional poverty approach. Database is the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for the evaluation of the substitution/trade-off of genuine leisure time and income as well as the German Time Use Surveys (GTUS) 1991/92 and 2001/02 for the actual poverty analyses. Altogether, compared to employees a particular concernment of multidimensional time and income poverty of professions and notably entrepreneurs is identified; a result which is in contrast to common valuation. A remarkable percentage of the not income poor but time poor employees in general, and professions as well as entrepreneurs in particular, is not able to compensate their time deficit by income. These individuals are neglected in the poverty and well-being discussion so far, in the discussion about the “woorking poor” as well as in the discussion concerning time stress and time presure in generall, and for professions as well as entrepreneurs in particular. Freiberuflern und Unternehmern (Gewerbetreibende) wird nachgesagt, sie seien als Selbständige nicht nur einkommensreich sondern auch zeitreich, da sie aufgrund ihrer Unabhängigkeit und Zeitsouveränität auch verhältnismäßig viel disponible Zeit zur Verfügung haben. Unsere Studie untersucht diese These und damit erstmals die Wohlfahrtssituation von Freien Berufen und Unternehmern indem nicht nur nach der Einkommensarmut gefragt wird, sondern auch Zeitarmut im Rahmen eines neuen interdependenten multidimensionalen Armutskonzepts Berücksichtigung findet. Datenbasis ist einerseits das Sozio-ökonomische Panel für die bevölkerungsrepräsentative Bewertung der Kompensierung/Substitutionalität zwischen genuiner, persönlicher Freizeit und Einkommen als auch die aktuellste Zeitbudgeterhebung 2001/02 des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Insgesamt ist eine besondere Betroffenheit multipler Zeit- und Einkommensarmut der Freiberufler und verstärkt der Unternehmer im Vergleich zu allen Erwerbstätigen festzuhalten, ein Ergebnis, daslandläufigen Einschätzungen bemerkenswert widerspricht. Ein erheblicher Anteil von nicht-einkommensarmen aber zeitarmen Erwerbstätigen generell, und Unternehmer wie auch Freiberufler im Besondern, ist nicht in der Lage, ihr Zeitdefizit durch ihr Einkommen zu kompensieren. Dieser Personenkreis wird sowohl in der Armuts- und Wohlfahrtsdiskussion, in der Diskussion um die „woorking poor“ als auch in den Diskussionen um Zeitstress und Zeitdruck bisher generell, und insbesondere für die Selbständigen als Freiberufler und Unternehmer, vernachlässigt. Freiberuflern und Unternehmern (Gewerbetreibende) wird nachgesagt, sie seien als Selbständige nicht nur einkommensreich sondern auch zeitreich, da sie aufgrund ihrer Unabhängigkeit und Zeitsouveränität auch verhältnismäßigviel disponible Zeit zur Verfügung haben. Unsere Studie untersucht diese These und damit erstmals die Wohlfahrtssituation von Freien Berufen und Unternehmern indem nicht nur nach der Einkommensarmut gefragt wird, sondern auch Zeitarmut im Rahmen eines neuen interdependenten multidimensionalen Armutskonzepts Berücksichtigung findet. Datenbasis ist einerseits das Sozio-ökonomische Panel für die bevölkerungsrepräsentative Bewertung der Kompensierung/Substitutionalität zwischen genuiner, persönlicher Freizeit und Einkommen als auch die aktuellste Zeitbudgeterhebung 2001/02 des Statistischen Bundesamtes.Insgesamt ist eine besondere Betroffenheit multipler Zeit- und Einkommensarmut der Freiberufler und verstärkt der Unternehmer im Vergleich zu allen Erwerbstätigen festzuhalten, ein Ergebnis, das landläufigen Einschätzungen bemerkenswert widerspricht.Ein erheblicher Anteil von nicht-einkommensarmen aber zeitarmen Erwerbstätigen generell, und Unternehmer wie auch Freiberufler im Besondern, ist nicht in der Lage, ihr Zeitdefizit durch ihr Einkommen zu kompensieren.Dieser Personenkreis wird sowohl in der Armuts- und Wohlfahrtsdiskussion, in der Diskussion um die "woorkingpoor" als auch in den Diskussionen um Zeitstress und Zeitdruck bisher generell, und insbesondere für die Selbständigen als Freiberufler und Unternehmer, vernachlässigt. -- Selbständige ; Freiberufler und Unternehmer ; Interdependente multidimensionale Armut ; Zeit- und Einkommensarmut ; Substitution von Zeit und Einkommen ; Schätzung einer CES-Wohlfahrtsfunktion ; arme Erwerbstätige ("working poor") ; Deutsches Sozio-oekonomisches Panel ; Deutsche Zeitbudgeterhebung 2001/02

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
  19. Intensity of time and income interdependent multidimensional poverty
    well-being and minimum 2DGAP ; German evidence
    Published: 2011
    Publisher:  FFB, Lüneburg

    Extending the traditional income poverty concept by multidimensional poverty has been of growing interest within the last years. This paper contributes with an analysis of interdependent multidimensional (IMD) poverty intensity of time and income,... more

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 384 (92)
    No inter-library loan

     

    Extending the traditional income poverty concept by multidimensional poverty has been of growing interest within the last years. This paper contributes with an analysis of interdependent multidimensional (IMD) poverty intensity of time and income, which in particular restricts social participation. The interdependency of the multiple poverty dimensions under a strong (union approach) and weak focus axiom (compensation approach) are regarded in particular when measuring the intensity of multidimensional poverty. In addition to various poverty gap measures including the multidimensional well-being gap, for the first time we propose a minimum multidimensional poverty gap (2DGAP). To respect Sen's capability approach with its social participation aspects we define the time dimension as genuine personal leisure time. Based on a CES well-being function and a multidimensional poverty line evaluated by the German population (estimated with the German Socio-Economic Panel) the individual poverty intensity of the active population is analysed for various regimes of multiple poverty. For this purpose the German Time Use Surveys 1991/92 and 2001/02 and its time use diary data are used. Analysing the active population this paper contributes too to the poverty situation of the working poor. All the empirical results, including the microeconometric Heckman type estimation of the IMD poverty intensity (2DGAP) and the IMD poverty risk, indicate the overall importance of the time dimension with its social participation aspect incorporated within an interdependent multidimensional time and income poverty approach. An important dimension would be neglected in the poverty analysis and in targeted poverty policies if time additional to income would is not respected. -- Intensity of time and income poverty ; interdependent multidimensional time and income poverty ; union and compensation approach ; minimum multidimensional poverty gap (2DGAP) ; extended economic well-being ; satisfaction/happiness ; working poor ; CES wellbeing function ; German Socio-Economic Panel ; German Time Use Surveys 1991/92 and 2001/02 Die Erweiterung des traditionellen einkommensbasierten Armutskonzepts durch multidimensionale Armutsansätze hat in den letzten Jahren wachsendes Interesse gefunden. Die vorliegende Studie liefert dazu einen Beitrag mit einer Analyse der Intensität interdependenter multidimensionaler (IMD) Armut mit Zeit und Einkommen als Armutsdimensionen. Die Interdependenz der multiplen Armutsdimensionen wird unter dem strengen Fokus Axiom (union approach) und dem schwachen Fokus Axiom (compensation approach) bei der Intensitätsanalyse explizit berücksichtigt. Zusätzlich zu verschiedenen Maßen der Armutslücke, einschließlich der multidimensionalen Wohlfahrtslücke, schlagen wir erstmals eine minimale multidimensionale Armutslücke (2DGAP) vor. Um den "Capability" Ansatz von Sen mit seiner sozialen Teilhabe zu berücksichtigen verwenden wir in der Zeitdimension die eigene persönliche Freizeit, deren Einschränkung im Besonderen eine soziale Teilhabe vermindert. Basierend auf eine CES Wohlfahrtsfunktion und einer multidimensionalen Armutsgrenze, die von der deutschen Bevölkerung mit dem Sozio-ökonomischen Panel geschätzt wird, wird die individuelle Armutsintensität der arbeitenden Bevölkerung für verschiedene Regime multipler Armut analysiert. Dafür verwenden wir die verfügbaren Zeittagebücher der deutschen Zeitbudgetstudien 1991/92 und 2001/02. Indem wir die arbeitende Bevölkerung betrachten ist diese Studie zugleich ein Beitrag zur Armutssituation der "working poor". Alle empirischen Resultate, einschließlich der mikroökonometrischen Heckman Schätzung der minimalen IMD Armutslücke (2DGAP) und des IMD Armutsrisikos, verweisen auf die übergreifende Bedeutung der Zeitdimension mit ihrem sozialen Partizipationsaspekt innerhalb eines interdependenten multidimensionalen Zeit und Einkommensansatzes. Eine wichtige Dimension würde in der Armutsdiskussion und in der zielorientierten Armutspolitik außer Acht gelassen, wenn nicht Zeit zusätzlich zu Einkommen berücksichtigt wird. -- Intensität von Zeit und Einkommensarmut ; interdependente multidimensionale Zeit und Einkommensarmut ; Vereinigungs- und Kompensationsansatz ; minimale multidimensional Armutslücke (2DGAP) ; erweiterete ökonomische Wohlfahrt ; Zufriedenheit/Glück ; CESWohlfahrtsfunktion ; arme Erwerbstätige ("working poor") ; Deutsches Sozio-ökonomisches Panel ; Deutsche Zeitbudgeterhebunge 2001/02

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
  20. Sind Selbständige zeit- und einkommensarm?
    Eine Mikroanalyse der Dynamik interdependenter multidimensionaler Armut mit dem sozio-ökonomischen Panel und den deutschen Zeitbudgeterhebungen
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  FFB, Lüneburg

    It is common sense that the self-employed - as professions and entrepreneurs - are rich by money and, because of their independence and time sovereignty, are rich by time, too. However, time stress and the variety of small businesses sometimes tell... more

    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek - Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek
    3 Kap. 43210
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 1778 (82)
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    12-2987
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    bibliographischer Nachweis ohne Bestand
    No inter-library loan
    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
    D 3/12
    No inter-library loan

     

    It is common sense that the self-employed - as professions and entrepreneurs - are rich by money and, because of their independence and time sovereignty, are rich by time, too. However, time stress and the variety of small businesses sometimes tell another story. This study tries to shed empirically based light on the issue and its dynamics by asking not only about income poverty but also about time poverty within the framework of a new interdependent multidimensional poverty approach. Database is the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for the evaluation of the substitution/trade-off of genuine leisure time and income as well as the German Time Use Surveys (GTUS) 1991/92 and 2001/02 for the actual poverty analyses. Main result: The self-employed are more often affected by single income poverty, single time poverty as well as interdependent multidimensional time and income poverty than all other poor employees (working poorʺ) for both periods of observation. A remarkable percentage of not income poor but time poor employees in general, and the self-employed in particular, is not able to compensate their time deficit by income. Neglecting the self-employed in the poverty and well-being discussion would disregard an important group of the working poorʺ.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information