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Displaying results 1 to 18 of 18.

  1. The effectiveness of Minimum Income schemes in the EU
    Author: Almeida, Vanda; De Poli, Silvia; Hernández, Adrian
    Published: 2022 October
    Publisher:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 627 (2022)
    Subjects: minimum income; coverage; adequacy; poverty; microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Unions and investment in intangible capital
    when workers and firms cannot commit to long-term contracts and capital investments are sunk, union power can reduce investment
    Author: Cardullo, Gabriele; Sulis, Giovanni
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    Although coverage of collective bargaining agreements has been declining for decades in most countries, it is still extensive, especially in non-Anglo-Saxon countries. Strong unions may influence firms' incentives to invest in capital, particularly... more

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    Although coverage of collective bargaining agreements has been declining for decades in most countries, it is still extensive, especially in non-Anglo-Saxon countries. Strong unions may influence firms' incentives to invest in capital, particularly in sectors where capital investments are sunk (irreversible), as in research-intensive sectors. Whether unions affect firms' investment in capital depends on the structure and coordination of bargaining, the preference of unions between wages and employment, the quality of labor-management relations, the structure of corporate governance, and the existence of social pacts, among other factors.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/274648
    Series: IZA world of labor ; 2023, 201.v2
    Subjects: unions; coverage; collective bargaining; investment; R&D; sunk capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Previous version November 2015
  3. De-facto gaps in social protection for standard and non-standard workers
    an approach for monitoring the accessibility and levels of income support
    Author: Immervoll, Herwig; Fernández, Rodrigo; Hyee, Raphaela; Lee, Jongmi; Pacifico, Daniele
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Social protection systems play a key stabilising role for individuals and societies, especially in the recent context of heightened uncertainties. Income stabilisation and related social policy objectives hinge on the extent to which social... more

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    Social protection systems play a key stabilising role for individuals and societies, especially in the recent context of heightened uncertainties. Income stabilisation and related social policy objectives hinge on the extent to which social protection is accessible for those requiring support. This paper proposes a new empirical approach for quantifying the accessibility and value of income transfers following an earnings loss. It first presents a methodology for assessing support levels for jobless individuals in specific circumstances that allows for comparisons across countries and over time. It then illustrates the approach using longitudinal survey data in 16 OECD countries. The illustration focusses on differences in entitlements between people who were in "standard" and "non-standard" employment prior to joblessness. Results show that, prior to the COVID pandemic, income support gaps between standard and non-standard workers were often sizeable. For instance, in Korea, job losers with prior standard employment were nearly twice as likely to receive income support as otherwise similar individuals with a history of non-standard work. Gaps were also large in Italy and Portugal. By contrast, gaps were statistically insignificant in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary and the United Kingdom. As these latter countries follow very different social protection strategies, results suggest that limiting support gaps for non-standard workers is achievable with different policy designs and targeting mechanisms.

     
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/263505
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15289
    Subjects: cash benefits; social insurance; redistribution; poverty; coverage; adequacy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The efficiency of state aid for the deployment of high-speed broadband
    evidence from the French market
    Author: Bourreau, Marc; Grzybowski, Lukasz; Muñoz-Acevedo, Ángela
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of the French State aid plan for broadband deployment, the Plan France Très Haut Débit. According to State aid rules, public subsidies should not be substitute for private investment and should target areas... more

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    In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of the French State aid plan for broadband deployment, the Plan France Très Haut Débit. According to State aid rules, public subsidies should not be substitute for private investment and should target areas with market failures. We estimate a structural model of fiber entry using a rich dataset on fiber deployment for more than 34,000 municipalities in mainland France over 2014-2019. We then assess whether private investment would have occurred in subsidized municipalities in the absence of public subsidies. We find that between 64% and 93% of the time, public subsidies were granted to municipalities where private entry would not have occurred. Overall, we estimate the cost of "inefficient" public subsidies to be between 243 and 902 million euros, with total subsidies amounting to 2,203 million euros by the end of 2019. Finally, we find that the plan helped to increase fiber coverage in subsidized municipalities in the early stages of fiber deployment.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/279189
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10440 (2023)
    Subjects: state aid; ex-post evaluation; broadband; entry; coverage; crowding out
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Economic benefits of high-speed broadband network coverage and service adoption
    evidence from OECD member states
    Author: Briglauer, Wolfgang; Cambini, Carlo; Gugler, Klaus
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  [EcoAustria - Institute for Economic Research], [Vienna, Austria]

    A broad-scale rollout and adoption of new high-speed broadband networks and services, respectively, is expected to generate innovative services for consumers and create a high potential for productivity increases and economic growth. However, there... more

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    A broad-scale rollout and adoption of new high-speed broadband networks and services, respectively, is expected to generate innovative services for consumers and create a high potential for productivity increases and economic growth. However, there is no evidence available on the causal impact of both high-speed broadband coverage and adoption on economic outcomes, which we measure as gross domestic product (GDP). Moreover, no study has yet simultaneously considered the impact of both new wireline broadband based on fiber-optic technologies and new wireless (mobile) broadband based on 3G+/4G technologies. Distinguishing these effects is of crucial relevance for the efficient design of broadband policies. In order to provide reliable evidence on causal effects, we utilize comprehensive panel data for 32 OECD countries for the years 2002-2020 and panel fixed-effects estimators including instrumental variables estimation. Exclusionary restrictions follow from micro-funded determinants of network coverage and consumer adoption decisions. Our results show that both fixed and mobile broadband adoption exert a substantial and significant impact on GDP, while network deployment per se exhibits only minor multiplier-related effects on GDP per capita. Contemporaneous effects of a 1% increase in fixed broadband adoption impact GDP per capita growth in a range of 0.026% to 0.034%, while a 1% increase in mobile broadband adoption contributes between 0.079% and 0.088%. While the impact of contemporaneous mobile broadband adoption is substantially higher, fixed broadband adoption shows stronger dynamic and cumulative effects, as well as larger effects in later deployment periods. Generally, our results are consistent with the notion that the diffusion of technologies to substantial proportions of the population is most important in driving economic growth. Supporting policies should be technology neutral and should not neglect the demand side.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/279415
    Series: [Research paper / EcoAustria] ; [no. 23]
    Subjects: High-speed broadband; coverage; adoption; OECD panel; ex-post evaluation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten)
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    Erscheinungsort, Verlag, monografische Reihe und deren Zählung von der Frontdoor
  6. Cash transfers, poverty, and inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Author: Stampini, Marco; Medellín, Nadin; Ibarrarán, Pablo
    Published: November 2023
    Publisher:  International Inequalities Institute, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Series: Working paper / LSE International Inequalities Institute ; 116
    LACIR series
    Subjects: cash transfer programs; conditional cash transfers; non-contributory pensions; coverage; leakage; targeting; social protection; Latin America and the Caribbean
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Welfare, shocks, and government spending on social protection programs in Lesotho
    Author: Boko, Joachim; Raju, Dhushyanth; Younger, Stephen D.
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This paper assesses the performance of government spending on social protection programs in reducing poverty and inequality in Lesotho, applying benefit incidence and microsimulation methods to 2017-2018 household survey data. The paper investigates... more

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    This paper assesses the performance of government spending on social protection programs in reducing poverty and inequality in Lesotho, applying benefit incidence and microsimulation methods to 2017-2018 household survey data. The paper investigates the distributional effects of actual spending on social protection programs as well as those of a hypothetical alternative in which the spending is targeted through a proxy means test (PMT) formula used by the government for some programs. In addition, the paper explores the responsiveness of social protection programs to adverse shocks commonly reported by households in Lesotho, where recent natural shocks have had substantial economic effects

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/35046
    Series: Social protection & jobs discussion paper ; no. 2102 (January 2021)
    Social Protection and Jobs Discussion Paper ; No. 2102
    Subjects: Sozialpolitik; Soziale Sicherheit; coverage; incidence; effectiveness; social protection; pensions; simulations; shocks; Lesotho; social assistance; safety nets; INEQUALITY; POVERTY; POVERTY LINE; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE; FOOD PRICE SUBSIDY; ECONOMIC SHOCK; SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS; VULNERABILITY
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. AQSh yozuvchilari ijodida Sharq mavzusi
    AQSH yozuvchilari ijodida Sharq mavzusi
    Author: Ismatullayevna, Farida
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  GlobeEdit, Saarbrücken

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9786200623980; 6200623988
    Other identifier:
    9786200623980
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    Other subjects: (Produktform)Paperback / softback; sketches; biographical; mutual spiritual enrichment; coverage; nation literature; culture writers.; (BISAC region code)2.2.8.0.0.0.0; (VLB-WN)1560: Sprachwissenschaft, Literaturwissenschaft
    Scope: Online-Ressource, 80 Seiten
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    Vom Verlag als Druckwerk on demand und/oder als E-Book angeboten
  9. How reliable are social safety nets?
    value and accessibility in situations of acute economic need
    Author: Immervoll, Herwig; Hyee, Raphaela; Fernández, Rodrigo; Lee, Jongmi
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Social protection systems use a range of entitlement criteria. First-tier support typically requires contributions or past employment in many countries, while safety net benefits are granted on the basis of need. In a context of volatile and... more

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    Social protection systems use a range of entitlement criteria. First-tier support typically requires contributions or past employment in many countries, while safety net benefits are granted on the basis of need. In a context of volatile and uncertain labour markets, careful and continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of income support is a key input into an evidence-based policy process. This paper proposes a novel empirical method for monitoring the accessibility and levels of safety net benefits. It focusses on minimum-income benefits (MIB) and other non-contributory transfers and relies on data on the amounts of cash support that individuals in need receive in practice. Results show that accessibility and benefit levels differ enormously across countries - for instance, more than four out of five low-income workless one-person households received MIB in Australia, France and the United Kingdom, compared to only one in five in Greece and Italy, two countries that have since sought to strengthen aspects of safety-net provisions.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263448
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15232
    Subjects: minimum-income benefits; accessibility; coverage; non-take-up; adequacy; poverty
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The Bolivian universal health system and effective access to healthcare
    a diagnosis
    Author: Agafitei, Gabriela Alondra
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  Institute for Advanced Development Studies, inesad, La Paz, Bolivia

    In 2019, the Bolivian government began implementation of the Universal Health Insurance (SUS) scheme, with critics claiming the unpreparedness of the healthcare system to provide universal and free services. To date, there is no research that... more

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    In 2019, the Bolivian government began implementation of the Universal Health Insurance (SUS) scheme, with critics claiming the unpreparedness of the healthcare system to provide universal and free services. To date, there is no research that assesses the effects of the reform and to what extent it is providing universal, free services. The objective of this study is to fill this research gap by providing a diagnosis on access to public healthcare services after the SUS's adoption. In this study, access is operationalized according to a theoretical framework developed by the World Health Organization (2010). The study has been conducted according to a combined method that compares data from before and after the SUS approval. First, data from the National Household Survey has been analyzed to provide an overview of dimensions related to access at the macro level. Secondly, the macro perspective is integrated with data collected through semi-structured interviews that provide a detailed analysis of the qualitative dimensions of accessing healthcare at the micro level, which are often not reflected by quantitative indicators. The results showed that on the one hand access to public healthcare services has increased in the first year of the SUS's implementation compared to previous years. However, despite the supply of additional human resources and physical infrastructure, the sufficiency in availability of human resources remains questionable, as the values disaggregated per 1,000 inhabitants remained roughly the same. Similarly, spending at the macroeconomic level did not reach recommended levels for universal coverage. Data from the case study deepens the understanding of the findings at the macro level. In fact, access appears as characterized by considerable challenges, such as long waiting times, lack of medicines and of beds, and low-quality services that overall restrain access to the public services. The study has concluded that despite the fact that access has increased, insufficiency of resources and the structural characteristics of the Bolivian healthcare system represent severe limitations for the universal outreach of SUS.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Development research working paper series ; no. 2022, 01
    Subjects: Universal healthcare; effective access; coverage; insurance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The effectiveness of Minimum Income schemes in the EU
    Author: Almeida, Vanda; De Poli, Silvia; Hernández, Adrian
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  European Commission, Seville

    Minimum Income (MI) schemes are essential to alleviate poverty and guarantee a last-resort safety net to households with insufficient resources. Assessing the effectiveness of MI schemes in poverty reduction is challenging. Studies based on survey... more

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    Minimum Income (MI) schemes are essential to alleviate poverty and guarantee a last-resort safety net to households with insufficient resources. Assessing the effectiveness of MI schemes in poverty reduction is challenging. Studies based on survey microdata are usually subject to a bias because households with very low incomes tend to underreport benefit receipts. Studies based on microsimulation models tend to overestimate these benefits mainly due to lack of data on take-up and non-income eligibility conditions. In this paper, we attempt to tackle these challenges to provide an integrated and consistent evaluation of the effectiveness of MI schemes in the European Union (EU). We develop a simple method that calibrates the simulation of MI schemes in the microsimulation model EUROMOD to obtain a new 'closer to reality' baseline simulation of each EU Member State's scheme. We then use this corrected baseline to evaluate existing MI schemes, investigating their degree of coverage and adequacy, their poverty-alleviating effects and their overall cost. Finally, we explore the effects of possible (theoretical) reforms, implementing sequential changes to the levels of coverage and adequacy, towards eradicating the extent of extreme poverty. The main takeaways are that the contribution of MI support to poverty elimination is still rather limited in some EU countries and that action could be taken to increase coverage and adequacy at a relatively low financial cost.

     
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    hdl: 10419/280869
    Series: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2022, 09
    JRC technical report
    Subjects: minimum income; coverage; adequacy; poverty; microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The economic significance of modern broadband internet infrastructures and services
    Author: Briglauer, Wolfgang; Cambini, Carlo; Gugler, Klaus
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [Research Institute for Regulatory Economics, WU Vienna], [Vienna]

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    Series: [Working papers] / [Research Institute for Regulatory Economics, WU Vienna]
    Subjects: High-speed broadband; coverage; adoption; OECD panel; ex-post evaluation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Welfare, shocks, and government spending on social protection programs in Lesotho
    Author: Boko, Joachim; Raju, Dhushyanth; Younger, Stephen D.
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This paper assesses the performance of government spending on social protection programs in reducing poverty and inequality in Lesotho, applying benefit incidence and microsimulation methods to 2017-2018 household survey data. The paper investigates... more

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    This paper assesses the performance of government spending on social protection programs in reducing poverty and inequality in Lesotho, applying benefit incidence and microsimulation methods to 2017-2018 household survey data. The paper investigates the distributional effects of actual spending on social protection programs as well as those of a hypothetical alternative in which the spending is targeted through a proxy means test (PMT) formula used by the government for some programs. In addition, the paper explores the responsiveness of social protection programs to adverse shocks commonly reported by households in Lesotho, where recent natural shocks have had substantial economic effects

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/35046
    Series: Social protection & jobs discussion paper ; no. 2102 (January 2021)
    Social Protection and Jobs Discussion Paper ; No. 2102
    Subjects: Sozialpolitik; Soziale Sicherheit; coverage; incidence; effectiveness; social protection; pensions; simulations; shocks; Lesotho; social assistance; safety nets; INEQUALITY; POVERTY; POVERTY LINE; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE; FOOD PRICE SUBSIDY; ECONOMIC SHOCK; SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS; VULNERABILITY
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. A retrospective study of state aid control in the German broadband market
    Author: Duso, Tomaso; Nardotto, Mattia; Seldeslachts, Jo
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We provide an evaluation of the impact of public subsidy schemes that aimed to support the development of basic broadband infrastructure in rural areas of Germany. Such subsidies are subject to state aid control by the European Commission (EC). While... more

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    We provide an evaluation of the impact of public subsidy schemes that aimed to support the development of basic broadband infrastructure in rural areas of Germany. Such subsidies are subject to state aid control by the European Commission (EC). While the EC increasingly recognises the role of economic analysis in controlling public aid to companies, there are to date no full retrospective studies performed on state aid control, especially assessing the so-called balancing test. In this study, we do not only analyse whether the aid was effective in solving a market failure – low broadband coverage in rural areas – but also study its impact on competitive outcomes, on both rival firms and consumers. We adopt a difference-in-differences framework after using a matching procedure to account for selection on observables. We find that the aid significantly increased broadband coverage. More importantly, we find that the number of internet providers has significantly increased in the municipalities receiving aid. This additional entry decreased average prices. Therefore, the subsidies complied with EU state aid rules, both in terms of effectiveness and competition.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232489
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8892 (2021)
    Subjects: state aid; ex-post evaluation; broadband; coverage; entry; competition; prices
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Bootstrap hausdorff confidence regions for average treatment effect identified sets
    Author: Poskitt, Donald Stephen; Zhao, Xueyan
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  [Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics], [Victoria, Australia]

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    Series: Working paper / Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics ; no. 23, 09 (May 2023)
    Subjects: binary models; bounds; coverage; partial identification
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. An ounce of prevention for a pound of cure
    basic health care and efficiency in health systems
    Author: Bancalari, Antonella; Bernal, Pedro; Celhay, Pablo A.; Martinez, Sebastian; Sánchez, Maria Deni
    Published: January 2024
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank, Social Protection and Health Division, [Washington, DC]

    We examine the efficiency gains in health systems generated after the national roll out of basic healthcare in El Salvador between 2010 and 2013. Using data from over 120 million consultations and five million hospitalizations, we demonstrate that... more

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    We examine the efficiency gains in health systems generated after the national roll out of basic healthcare in El Salvador between 2010 and 2013. Using data from over 120 million consultations and five million hospitalizations, we demonstrate that the expansion of community health teams, comprising less-specialized health workers, increases preventive care and decreases curative care and preventable hospitalizations. We also estimate coverage improvements for previously unattended chronic conditions amenable to effective primary care. These results suggest that decentralization of tasks to less-specialized health workers improves efficiency, maintaining quality of care.

     
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    Series: Working paper / [Inter-American Development Bank] ; no IDB-WP-1231
    Subjects: community-based healthcare; efficiency; coverage
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Multidimensional tool for assessment of social protection framework
    a life cycle approach : conceptualisation, construction and comparison
    Author: Dongare, Ashish
    Published: August 2023
    Publisher:  International Inequalities Institute, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    VS 709
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    No inter-library loan
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / LSE International Inequalities Institute ; 100
    Subjects: adequacy; coverage; efficacy; life-cycle phases; multi-dimensional socialprotection index; etc
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. National pension reform: initial considerations for Trinidad and Tobago
    Author: Smith, Dhanielle; Harewood, Tricia
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Central Bank of Trinidad & Tobago, [Port-of-Spain]

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    Keine Rechte
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working papers / Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago ; WP 2023, 03 (May 2023)
    Subjects: Public-pension; retirement; reform; sustainability; adequacy; coverage
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen