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  1. The new institutional economics of antitrust and regulation
    Author: Bickenbach, Frank; Kumkar, Lars; Soltwedel, Rüdiger
    Published: 1999
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW), Kiel

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  2. How product innovation can affect price collusion
    Author: Smyth, Andrew
    Published: August 2, 2017
    Publisher:  [Chapman University, Economic Science Institute], [Orange, CA]

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: [Working papers / Chapman University, Economic Science Institute ; 17, 26]
    Subjects: price collusion; product innovation; antitrust; experimental economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Cost efficiencies and upward pricing pressure
    Author: Dutra, Jéssica; Sabarwal, Tarun
    Published: December 18, 2018
    Publisher:  University of Kansas, Department of Economics, Lawrence, Kansas

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Edition: This version: December 18, 2018
    Series: Working papers series in theoretical and applied economics ; 2019, 01
    Subjects: upward pricing pressure; merger efficiency; monte carlo; UPP; mergers; antitrust; unilateral effects; cost efficiencies
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The new institutional economics of antitrust and regulation
    Author: Bickenbach, Frank; Kumkar, Lars; Soltwedel, Rüdiger
    Published: 1999
    Publisher:  Inst. of World Economics, Kiel

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  5. Market power and income taxation
    Author: Kaplow, Louis
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 994 (03/2019)
    Subjects: market power; income taxation; optimal taxation; redistribution; antitrust
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Distribution of power and ordered competition in the European coal and steel community
    Author: Carret, Vincent
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Center for the History of Political Economy at Duke University, [Durham, NC]

    In the early 1950s, the drive to find a practical solution to European antagonisms led to the construction of the first Common Market at the European scale, between Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. At the heart of the... more

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    In the early 1950s, the drive to find a practical solution to European antagonisms led to the construction of the first Common Market at the European scale, between Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. At the heart of the Coal and Steel Community, was the idea that shared economic interests would prevent the occurrence of new wars. The institutions created for this purpose led to a new distribution of powers between member states, firms and a supranational power that was tasked to prevent discrimination and organize exchanges between the six countries. By examining the jurisprudence and administrative regulations produced from the early 1950s to the early 1960s, I distinguish between three types of rules grounded in different approaches to competition. This analysis gives a new meaning to the idea of “ordered competition,” and the sources of inspiration behind the construction of Europe.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/270768
    Series: CHOPE working paper ; no. 2023, 02 (March 2023)
    Subjects: European Coal and Steel Community; High Authority; Court of Justice; liberalism; administrative state; antitrust
    Other subjects: Array
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten)
  7. Antitrust issues raised by answer engines
    Author: Carugati, Christophe
    Published: 13 June 2023
    Publisher:  Bruegel, Brussels

    Rapid development of generative artificial intelligence chatbots like ChatGPT is leading search engine providers to move from search to answer engines. Unlike search engines, which provide search results in the form of blue links to content creators,... more

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    Rapid development of generative artificial intelligence chatbots like ChatGPT is leading search engine providers to move from search to answer engines. Unlike search engines, which provide search results in the form of blue links to content creators, answer engines generate personalised answers through a conversation with end users. This revolution impacts the internet ecosystem of content creators and the digital advertising market. This paper outlines some early antitrust issues related to answer engines, from the transition from search to answer engines (sections 2 and 3) and the response competition authorities should adopt (section 4). It finds that search and answer engines complement and compete with each other. While the answer-engine market is still at an early stage of development, it already raises some competition issues in relation to data scraping, vertical integration and unfair terms and conditions. Intervention by competition authorities is more likely than not to prevent market power in this new market. In this regard, competition authorities should act to preserve dynamic competition and minimise adverse effects on content creators. Finally, the paper concludes with several research questions for future research (section 5).

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/274213
    Series: Bruegel working paper ; 2023, issue 7
    Subjects: digital competition; antitrust; competition law; competition law and economics; answer engine; search engine; generative AI; ChatGPT
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Corporate leniency programs for antitrust
    past, present, and future
    Author: Hinloopen, Jeroen; Onderstal, Sander; Soetevent, Adriaan R.
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    This special issue marks the 25th anniversary of the introduction of a leniency program for antitrust in the EU and contains five original papers: Each paper examines the effects of design parameters of leniency programs on their performance. Before... more

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    This special issue marks the 25th anniversary of the introduction of a leniency program for antitrust in the EU and contains five original papers: Each paper examines the effects of design parameters of leniency programs on their performance. Before introducing each contribution separately, we put them in perspective by introducing readers to the existing theoretical, empirical, and experimental literature on corporate leniency programs for antitrust.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282858
    Edition: Version: July 16, 2023
    Series: Array ; TI 2023, 045
    Subjects: Leniency programs; antitrust; competition policy; cartel
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
  9. Imperfect collusion on surveilled markets with free entry
    Author: Auer, Ludwig von; Tu Anh Pham
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Universität Trier, Trier

    Surveys of cartel proceedings reveal that illegal cartels usually (1) attempt to minimize the risk of detection, (2) achieve merely imperfect levels of collusion, (3) compete against some fringe firms, and (4) adjust to market entries and exits. By... more

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    Surveys of cartel proceedings reveal that illegal cartels usually (1) attempt to minimize the risk of detection, (2) achieve merely imperfect levels of collusion, (3) compete against some fringe firms, and (4) adjust to market entries and exits. By contrast, existing oligopoly models of collusive behavior consider only some of the four listed stylized facts and, thus, run the risk of missing important interdependencies between them. Therefore, the present paper develops a general quantity leadership model that simultaneously accommodates all four stylized facts. Within this model, an imperfectly colluding group of firms competes against independent fringe rivals. The market is surveilled by an antitrust authority that has three different policy instruments at its disposal: Ensuring free market access, obstructing collusion, and discouraging collusion through law enforcement. The results of the model indicate that the latter two instruments are rather ineffective.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/274123
    Series: Research papers in economics ; no. 23, 5
    Subjects: antitrust; fringe; oligopoly; stability; sustainability
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The effect of franchise no-poaching restrictions on worker earnings
    Author: Callaci, Brian; Gibson, Matthew; Pinto, Sérgio; Steinbaum, Marshall; Walsh, Matt
    Published: July 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We evaluate the impact of the Washington State Attorney General's enforcement campaign against employee no-poaching clauses in franchising contracts, which unfolded from 2018 through early 2020. Implementing a staggered difference-in-differences... more

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    We evaluate the impact of the Washington State Attorney General's enforcement campaign against employee no-poaching clauses in franchising contracts, which unfolded from 2018 through early 2020. Implementing a staggered difference-in-differences research design using Burning Glass Technologies job vacancies and Glassdoor salary reports, we document the nationwide effect of the enforcement campaign on pay at franchising chains across numerous industries. Our preferred specification estimates a 6.6% increase in posted annual earnings from the job vacancy data and an approximate 4% increase in worker-reported earnings.

     
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    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/279028
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16330
    Subjects: employer market power; franchising; antitrust; oligopsony
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Collusion sustainability with a capacity constrained firm
    Author: Madio, Leonardo; Pignataro, Aldo
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics and Management "Marco Fanno", University of Padova, Padova

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    Edition: This version: December, 2022
    Series: Marco Fanno working papers ; 295 (December 2022)
    Subjects: antitrust; capacity constraints; collusion; partial cartel
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. An alternative focus for antitrust
    addressing harmful competitive advantage
    Author: Jamison, Mark A.
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  American Enterprise Institute, [Washington, DC]

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/280665
    Series: AEI economics working paper ; 2023,04 (January 2023)
    Subjects: antitrust; consumer welfare; competitive advantage; regulation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
  13. The welfare effects of metering ties
    Author: Elhauge, Einer; Nalebuff, Barry
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business, Cambridge, Mass.

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    Format: Online
    Series: The Harvard John M. Olin discussion paper series ; 822
    Subjects: tying; ties; antitrust; quasi per se rule; bundling; requirements ties; metering; pricediscrimination; extracting consumer surplus; consumer welfare; foreclosure share
    Scope: Online-Ressource (44 S.), graph. Darst.
  14. Resolving reverse-payment settlements with the smoking gun of stock price movements
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business, Cambridge, Mass.

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    Series: The Harvard John M. Olin discussion paper series ; 823
    Subjects: patent; antitrust; settlement; reverse payment; patent settlement; eventstudy; risk aversion; damages
    Scope: Online-Ressource (22 S.), graph. Darst.
  15. Institutional design and antitrust evidentiary standards
    Author: Cosnita-Langlais, Andreea; Tropeano, Jean-Philippe
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  Univ. de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre

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    Series: Document de travail / EconomiX ; 2015-03
    Subjects: antitrust; public and private enforcement; evidentiary standard
    Scope: Online-Ressource (19 S.)
  16. On the relevance of market power
    Author: Kaplow, Louis
    Published: 10/2016
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

    Market power is the most important determinant of liability in competition law cases throughout the world. Yet fundamental questions on the relevance of market power are underanalyzed, if examined at all: When and why should we inquire into market... more

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    Market power is the most important determinant of liability in competition law cases throughout the world. Yet fundamental questions on the relevance of market power are underanalyzed, if examined at all: When and why should we inquire into market power? How much should we require? Should market power be viewed as one thing, regardless of the practice under scrutiny and independent of the pertinent anticompetitive and procompetitive explanations for its use? Does each component of market power have the same probative force? Or even influence optimal liability determinations in the same direction? This Article's ground-up investigation of market power finds that the answers often differ from what is generally believed and sometimes are surprising — notably, higher levels of certain market power measures or particular market power components sometimes disfavor liability. This gulf between conventional wisdom and correct understanding suggests the need to redirect research agendas, agency guidance, and competition law doctrine

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 886
    Subjects: Market power; dominance; monopolization; abuse; antitrust; competition policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Forthcoming in Harvard Law Review (March 2017)
  17. Industrial reorganization
    learning about patient substitution patterns from natural experiments
    Author: Raval, Devesh; Rosenbaum, Ted; Wilson, Nathan E.
    Published: May 2016
    Publisher:  Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC

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    Series: Working papers / Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission ; no. 329
    Subjects: hospitals; natural experiment; patient choice; forecasting; antitrust
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The impact of merger legislation on bank mergers
    Author: Carletti, Elena; Ongena, Steven; Siedlarek, Jan-Peter; Spagnolo, Giancarlo
    Published: June 2016
    Publisher:  Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, [Cleveland, OH]

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    Series: Working paper / Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland ; 16, 14
    Subjects: banks; mergers and acquisitions; merger control; antitrust
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Gender and collusion
    Author: Haucap, Justus; Heldman, Christina; Rau, Holger A.
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Many cartels are formed by individual managers of different firms, but not by firms as collectives. However, most of the literature in industrial economics neglects individuals' incentives to form cartels. Although oligopoly experiments reveal... more

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    Many cartels are formed by individual managers of different firms, but not by firms as collectives. However, most of the literature in industrial economics neglects individuals' incentives to form cartels. Although oligopoly experiments reveal important insights on individuals acting as firms, they largely ignore individual heterogeneity, such as gender differences. We experimentally analyze gender differences in prisoner's dilemmas, where collusive behavior harms a passive third party. In a control treatment, no externality exists. To study the influence of social distance, we compare subjects' collusive behaviour in a within-subjects setting. In the first game, subjects have no information on other players, whereas they are informed about personal characteristics in the second game. Results show that guilt-averse women are significantly less inclined to collude than men when collusion harms a third party. No gender difference can be found in the absence of a negative externality. Interestingly, we find that women are not sensitive to the decision context, i.e., even when social distance is small they hardly behave collusively when collusion harms a third party.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252131
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9614 (2022)
    Subjects: collusion; cartels; competition policy; antitrust; gender differences
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Antitrust and inequality
    Author: Posner, Eric A.; Sunstein, Cass R.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

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    Series: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 1082 (07/2022)
    Subjects: antitrust; equality; inequality; consumer welfare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
    Notes:

    Very preliminary draft 1/31/22
  21. Competition and innovation
    the breakup of IG Farben
    Author: Poege, Felix
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The relationship between competition and innovation is difficult to disentangle, as exogenous variation in market structure is rare. The 1952 breakup of Germany's leading chemical company, IG Farben, represents such a disruption. After the Second... more

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    The relationship between competition and innovation is difficult to disentangle, as exogenous variation in market structure is rare. The 1952 breakup of Germany's leading chemical company, IG Farben, represents such a disruption. After the Second World War, the Allies occupying Germany imposed the breakup because of IG Farben's importance for the German war economy instead of standard antitrust concerns. In technology areas where the breakup reduced concentration, patenting increased strongly, driven by domestic firms unrelated to IG Farben. An analysis of patent texts shows that an increased propensity to patent does not drive the effect. Descriptively, IG Farben's successors increased their patenting activities as well, and their patenting specialized relative to the pre-breakup period. The results are consistent with a breakup-induced innovation increase by the IG Farben successors, which then spilled over to the wider chemical industry.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265738
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15517
    Subjects: innovation; competition; merger; antitrust; IG Farben
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Incentive to squeal
    an experiment on leniency programs for antitrust violations
    Author: Radoc, Benjamin; Libre, Philip Amadeus; Prado, Shanti Aubren
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines

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    Series: Working paper / Ateneo de Manila University, Department of Economics ; no. 2020, 03 (March 31, 2020)
    Subjects: antitrust; cartel; experiment; leniency program
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. The sale of data
    learning synergies before M&As
    Author: Dubus, Antoine; Legros, Patrick
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  ECARES, Brussels, Belgium

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    hdl: 2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/344835
    Series: ECARES working paper ; 2022, 20
    Subjects: synergies; mergers; sale of data; incomplete information; antitrust; privacy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  24. Concentration and competition
    evidence from Europe and implications for policy
    Author: Koltay, Gábor; Lorincz, Szabolcs; Valletti, Tommaso M.
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The paper provides new evidence on proxy indicators of market power for major European countries. The data shows moderately increasing average industry concentration over the last two decades, a considerably increasing proportion of high... more

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    The paper provides new evidence on proxy indicators of market power for major European countries. The data shows moderately increasing average industry concentration over the last two decades, a considerably increasing proportion of high concentration industries, and an overall tendency towards oligopolistic structure. Estimates of aggregate profitability also show a sustained increase over the recent decades for European economies. While the academic and policy debate is not settled as to whether the causes of these trends are policy driven or reflect technological improvement, our findings suggest that competition policy is likely to face more challenges as large companies are becoming more common in more and more industries.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260770
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9640 (2022)
    Subjects: mergers; antitrust; European Union; concentrations; industries
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Mavericks, universal, and common owners
    the largest shareholders of U.S. public firms
    Author: Amel-Zadeh, Amir; Kasperk, Fiona; Schmalz, Martin C.
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We construct a novel data set to show that, between 2003-2020, up to one-fifth of America's largest firms had a non-financial blockholder or insider as their largest shareholder. Blockholders and insiders tend to be less diversified than... more

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    We construct a novel data set to show that, between 2003-2020, up to one-fifth of America's largest firms had a non-financial blockholder or insider as their largest shareholder. Blockholders and insiders tend to be less diversified than institutional investors. Measures of "universal" and "common" ownership of firms are therefore lower than previously believed based on analyses of institutional investors' holdings alone, and the heterogeneity in ownership structures across firms is greater. Consolidation in the asset management industry increases universal ownership and common ownership of industry rivals. Extant results claiming indexing alone explains the rise of universal ownership cannot be confirmed with the new, more comprehensive data.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265961
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9926 (2022)
    Subjects: common ownership; institutional ownership; blockholders; insiders; antitrust; governance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen