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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Rambling in the Nineteenth Century -- PART ONE. STROLLER INTO NOVELIST -- CHAPTER ONE. The City as Theater: London in the 1820s -- CHAPTER TWO. Sketches by Boz: The Middle-Class City and the Quarantine of Urban Suffering -- CHAPTER THREE. "Vitiated Air": The Polluted City and Female Sexuality in Dombey and Son and Bleak House -- PART TWO. FALLEN WOMEN -- CHAPTER FOUR. The Female Pariah: Flora Tristan's London Promenades -- CHAPTER FIVE. Elbowed in the Streets: Exposure and Authority in Elizabeth Gaskell's Urban Fictions -- PART THREE. NEW WOMEN -- CHAPTER SIX. "Neither Pairs Nor Odd": Women, Urban Community, and Writing in the 188os -- CHAPTER SEVEN. The Female Social Investigator: Matemalism, Feminism, and Women's Work -- Conclusion: Esther Summerson's Veil -- Bibliography -- Index Literary traditions of urban description in the nineteenth century revolve around the figure of the stroller, a man who navigates and observes the city streets with impunity. Whether the stroller appears as fictional character, literary persona, or the nameless, omnipresent narrator of panoramic fiction, he casts the woman of the streets in a distinctive role. She functions at times as a double for the walker's marginal and alienated self and at others as connector and contaminant, carrier of the literal and symbolic diseases of modern urban life. In Walking the Victorian Streets, Deborah Epstein Nord explores the way in which the female figure is used as a marker for social suffering, poverty, and contagion in texts by De Quincey, Lamb, Pierce Egan, and Dickens.What, then, of the female walker and urban chronicler? While the male spectator enjoyed the ability to see without being seen, the female stroller struggled to transcend her role as urban spectacle and her association with sexual transgression. In novels, nonfiction, and poetry by Elizabeth Gaskell1 Flora Tristan, Margaret Harkness, Amy Levy, Maud Pember Reeves, Beatrice Webb, Helen Bosanquet, and others, Nord locates the tensions felt by the female spectator conscious of herself as both observer and observed. Finally, Walking the Victorian Streets considers the legacy of urban rambling and the uses of incognito in twentieth-century texts by George Orwell and Virginia Woolf
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