Summary for decision-makers -- Key questions -- Biodiversity : what is it, where is it, and why is it important? -- Why is biodiversity loss a concern? -- What are the current trends and drivers of biodiversity loss? -- What is the future for biodiversity and ecosystem services under plausible scenarios? -- What response options can conserve biodiversity and promote human well-being? -- What are the prospects for reducing the rate of loss of biodiversity by 2010 or beyond, and other implications for the convention on biological diversity?