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  1. Transporte urbano e insuficiência de acesso a escolas no Brasil
    Author: Saraiva, Marcus; Silva, Luiz Pedro; Braga, Carlos Kauê Vieira; Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes
    Published: fevereiro de 2023
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Providing access to education for low-income populations is essential to reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion. Although the spatial dimension of inequalities in access to education has received attention in recent studies, there is a lack... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 194
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    Providing access to education for low-income populations is essential to reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion. Although the spatial dimension of inequalities in access to education has received attention in recent studies, there is a lack of studies that examine whether children have sufficient access to schools across Brazilian cities and how spatial patterns of accessibility poverty affect the lowest income population. This study presents the first large-scale analysis of accessibility to public schools across the 20 largest cities in Brazil in high spatial resolution. This study focuses on children and teenagers from low-income families and their access to early childhood day-care facilities and secondary schools, which present the lowest levels of school coverage in the country. Considering accessibility by foot and public transport, the study investigates education- -related social exclusion in the intra-urban scale as well as across cities and regions considering multiple thresholds of accessibility poverty. Results indicate that significant actions are still needed to achieve universal access to education in Brazil, particularly in what concerns early childhood and secondary education. We find a substantial portion of poor children with insufficient access to day-care and upper secondary schooling, particularly in low-density areas in the outskirts of cities. The low population density of these areas poses a challenge for the provision of education facilities in enough numbers and spatial coverage to improve school accessibility. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the geographical dimension of poor access to education, which can have long-term effects on social exclusion from opportunities deepening poverty and social inequalities.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284910
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2854
    Subjects: urban transport; urban accessibility; education; access to schools; social exclusion; transport poverty
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Distribuição espacial de características sociodemográficas e localização de empregos e serviços públicos das vinte maiores cidades do Brasil
    Author: Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes; Herszenhut, Daniel; Braga, Carlos Kauê Vieira; Bazzo, João Pedro; Oliveira, João Lucas Albuquerque; Parga, João Pedro Figueira Amorim; Saraiva, Marcus; Silva, Luiz Pedro; Tomasiello, Diego Bogado; Warwar, Lucas
    Published: junho de 2022
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The development of several policies and research projects rely on data on the population socioeconomic characteristics and on the spatial distribution of economic activities and public services. Nonetheless, these data in Brazil are often difficult... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 194
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    The development of several policies and research projects rely on data on the population socioeconomic characteristics and on the spatial distribution of economic activities and public services. Nonetheless, these data in Brazil are often difficult to access, require large computational power to process or come in different spatial resolutions. This study introduces the sociodemographic and landuse data set created in the Access to Opportunities Project, and describes in detail the methods used to create it. This data set consists in a hexagonal grid of high spatial resolution (area 0.11 km2) that aggregates information on the spatial distribution of the population (by age, sex, income and race), jobs and public services including schools (early childhood, primary and high school), public health services (low, medium and high complexity medical care) and referral centers for social assistance services. This edition of the data set covers the twenty largest cities in Brazil. The data is made publicly available by Ipea through the Access to Opportunities Project website and through the R package aopdata. We hope this work will help researchers and policy makers to more easily access high-quality data and use it in the decision-making processes involved in research and policy planning.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265294
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2772
    Subjects: population data; employment data; healthcare; schools; social assistance; public services; cities; Brazil
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Forma urbana e mobilidade sustentável
    evidências de cidades brasileiras
    Author: Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes; Parga, João Pedro Figueira Amorim; Saraiva, Marcus; Bazzo, João Pedro; Tomasiello, Diego Bogado; Silva, Luiz Pedro; Nadalin, Vanessa Gapriotti; Barbosa, Rogério Jerônimo
    Published: outubro de 2022
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The spatial organization of cities has important implications for sustainable urban development. Several studies have analyzed how urban form characteristics can have different environmental impacts by influencing more or less sustainable mobility... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 194
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    The spatial organization of cities has important implications for sustainable urban development. Several studies have analyzed how urban form characteristics can have different environmental impacts by influencing more or less sustainable mobility patterns. However, most of these studies present empirical analysis without considering a theoretical understanding regarding the causal paths between urban form and mobility patterns. Moreover, this literature focuses mostly on cities in the Global North, and there is much less evidence about the relationship between urban form and sustainable mobility in the Global South and particularly in Brazil. In this study, we examine the extent to which the urban form of Brazilian cities impacts their urban mobility energy consumption. First, we present a descriptive analysis of how urban areas in Brazil have developed spatially between 1990 and 2015. Next, we use regression models to analyze the extent to which the amount of energy per capita used in private motorized transport in the 182 largest urban areas in Brazil are affected by different characteristics of urban form (population density, land use mix, compacity, contiguity, as well as the intersection density, closeness centrality and circutity of road networks). The regression models are built based upon a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) that we propose to map the causal paths between urban form and transport energy use based on an extensive literature review. We found that there was a general increase in population density in all cities between 1990 and 2015. However, medium-size cities became more sprawled and fragmented while large cities became slightly more compact and contiguous. Our regression results show that higher levels of land use mix, population density and compacity lead to lower transport energy use. Moreover, the effect of compacity varies by population size in a way that higher compacity levels lead to higher energy consumption in large cities, possibly reflecting diseconomies of agglomeration. These findings have broader implications that show the need for more integrated local land use and transport policies in shaping less car-dependent cities and more sustainable mobility patterns.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284859
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2802
    Subjects: urban form; sustainable mobility; transport energy; Brazil
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen