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  1. Effects of the Expanded Child Tax Credit on Household Spending
    Estimates Based on U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey Data
    Author: Schild, Jake; Collyer, Sophie M.; Garner, Thesia; Kaushal, Neeraj; Lee, Jiwan; Waldfogel, Jane; Wimer, Christopher T.
    Published: June 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    The Child Tax Credit (CTC) was substantially expanded through the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, making the benefit more generous, fully refundable, and more periodic. Early studies documented the positive impact of the expanded CTC on reducing... more

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    The Child Tax Credit (CTC) was substantially expanded through the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, making the benefit more generous, fully refundable, and more periodic. Early studies documented the positive impact of the expanded CTC on reducing poverty and food insufficiency, but there is little research on the impact it had on household spending and, specifically, its impact on child-related spending. We use data from the Consumer Expenditure Interview Survey (CE) and impute CTC payments for all qualifying households to examine whether the expanded CTC increased spending overall, in major categories, and on specific items related to children's education and development. Our findings indicate that families utilized the CTC payments to enhance the well-being of both their children and the entire household. For each $100 of imputed CTC payment, our models show that families spent $75, mainly on food ($28), housing ($31), and child-related goods and services ($15). We also found that the spending response for low-income households, Hispanic households, and non-Hispanic Black households was larger than the spending response of the average household. By analyzing the variation in spending response by race and ethnicity, we are providing policy makers with valuable insights into the experience of marginalized communities

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31412
    Subjects: Kinder; Steuervergünstigung; Familienleistungsausgleich; Wirkungsanalyse; Armutsbekämpfung; Privater Konsum; Bildungsfinanzierung; Ethnische Gruppe; USA; Microeconomic Policy: Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation; Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  2. Effects of the expanded child tax credit on household spending
    estimates based on U.S. consumer expenditure survey data
    Author: Schild, Jake; Collyer, Sophie M.; Garner, Thesia Isedora; Kaushai, Neeraj; Lee, Jiwan; Waldfogel, Jane; Wimer, Christopher T.
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Prices and Living Conditions, Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: BLS working papers ; 601
    Subjects: Kinder; Steuervergünstigung; Familienleistungsausgleich; Wirkungsanalyse; Armutsbekämpfung; Privater Konsum; Bildungsfinanzierung; Ethnische Gruppe; USA; Child Tax Credit; Spending Response; Fiscal Policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Household spending responses to the economic impact payments of 2020
    evidence from the consumer expenditure survey
    Author: Parker, Jonathan A.; Schild, Jake; Erhard, Laura; Johnson, David S.
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Prices and Living Conditions, Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: BLS working papers ; 544 (December 2021)
    Subjects: Consumption; tax rebates; economics impact payments; Life-Cycle model; Permanent-Income Hypothesis; liquidity constraints; fiscal policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Household Spending Responses to the Economic Impact Payments of 2020
    Evidence from the Consumer Expenditure Survey
    Author: Parker, Jonathan A.; Schild, Jake; Erhard, Laura; Johnson, David S.
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using the Consumer Expenditure Survey and variation in amount, receipt, and timing of receipt of Economic Impact Payments (EIPs) authorized by the CARES Act, this paper estimates that people spent less of their EIPs in the few months following... more

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Using the Consumer Expenditure Survey and variation in amount, receipt, and timing of receipt of Economic Impact Payments (EIPs) authorized by the CARES Act, this paper estimates that people spent less of their EIPs in the few months following arrival than in similar previous policy episodes and than estimated by existing studies using other types of data. Accounting for volatility during the pandemic and comparing the consumer spending behavior of broadly similar households, people spent roughly 10 percent (standard error 3.4) of their EIPs on non-durable goods and services in the three months of arrival, with little evidence of additional spending in the subsequent three months or on durable goods. People who report mostly spending their EIPs spent 14.3\% (3.7) of their EIPs compared to 5.9\% (8.3) and -1.6\% (5.0) for those who report mostly paying off debt and saving respectively. People with low liquid wealth and people receiving their EIPs on debit cards spent at higher rates: 21.7\% (6.4) and 36.8\% (24.6) respectively, with economically larger estimates for total spending

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29648
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Steuervergünstigung; Privater Konsum; Konsumentenverhalten; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  5. Building a consumption poverty measure
    initial results following recommendations of a federal interagency working group
    Author: Armstrong, Grayson; Cho, Caleb; Garner, Thesia Isedora; Matsumoto, Brett; Munoz, Juan; Schild, Jake
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Prices and Living Conditions Building, Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: BLS working papers ; 548
    Subjects: consumption; poverty measurement; U.S. Consumer Expenditure Surveys
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Effects of the expanded child tax credit on household expenditures during the interview survey reference period
    preliminary evidence from the consumer expenditure survey
    Author: Collyer, Sophie M.; Garner, Thesia Isedora; Kaushai, Neeraj; Lee, Jiwan; Schild, Jake; Waldfogel, Jane; Wimer, Christopher T.
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Prices and Living Conditions, Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: BLS working papers ; 549
    Subjects: Child Tax Credit; Consumption
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  7. Economic Impact Payments and Household Spending During the Pandemic
    Author: Parker, Jonathan A.; Schild, Jake; Erhard, Laura; Johnson, David S.
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Households spent only a small fraction of their 2020 Economic Impact Payment (EIPs) within a couple of months of arrival, consistent with i) pandemic constraints on spending, ii) other pandemic programs and social insurance, and iii) the broader... more

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Households spent only a small fraction of their 2020 Economic Impact Payment (EIPs) within a couple of months of arrival, consistent with i) pandemic constraints on spending, ii) other pandemic programs and social insurance, and iii) the broader disbursement of the EIPs compared to the economic losses during the early stages of the pandemic. While these EIPs did not fill an urgent economic need for most households, the first round of EIPs did provide timely pandemic insurance to some households who were more exposed to the economic losses from the pandemic. Households with lower liquid wealth entering the pandemic and those less able to earn while working from home each raised consumption more following receipt of their EIP. While our measurement for later EIPs is not as reliable, our estimates suggest even less spending on average to the second and third rounds of EIPs. Our point estimates imply less short-term spending on average than in response to economic stimulus payments in 2001 or 2008. While our analysis lacks the power to measure longer-term spending effects, the lack of short-term spending contributed to strong household balance sheets as the direct economic effects of the pandemic on households waned

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30596
    Subjects: Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Coronavirus; Intertemporale Entscheidung; Privater Konsum; USA; Household Saving; Personal Finance; Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving; Consumption; Saving; Wealth; Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory; Household Finance; Household
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  8. Consumer Response to Economic Impact Payments during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of subjective assessments of well-being
    a view from the U.S. using a rapid response survey
    Author: Schild, Jake; Garner, Thesia Isedora
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Prices and Living Conditions, Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: BLS working papers ; 540 (May 4, 2021)
    Subjects: Consumer Response to COVID-19; Economic Impact Payment; Reported Spending; Household Pulse Survey Data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Consumption inequality during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
    Author: Garner, Thesia Isedora; Matsumoto, Brett; Schild, Jake
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Prices and Living Conditions, Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: BLS working papers ; 573 (March 2024)
    Subjects: household consumption; inequality decomposition; COVID-19; Consume rExpenditure Survey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Inequality aversion vs altruism
    experimental evidence
    Author: Schild, Jake
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Prices and Living Conditions, Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: BLS working papers ; 517 (October 2019)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen