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Displaying results 1 to 14 of 14.

  1. The struggle for Palestinian hearts and minds
    violence and public opinion in the second intifada
    Contributor: Jaeger, David A. (Mitwirkender); Klor, Esteban F. (Mitwirkender); Miaari, Sami H. (Mitwirkender)
    Published: 2008
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

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    Contributor: Jaeger, David A. (Mitwirkender); Klor, Esteban F. (Mitwirkender); Miaari, Sami H. (Mitwirkender)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; No. 3439
    Subjects: Terrorismus; Krieg; Öffentliche Meinung; :z Geschichte 2000-2007
    Other subjects: (stw)2000-2007; (stw)Terrorismus; (stw)Krieg; (stw)Öffentliche Meinung; (stw)Israel; (stw)Palästina; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Scope: Online-Ressource
  2. Learning the hard way
    the effect of violent conflict on student academic achievement
    Author: Brück, Tilman; Di Maio, Michele; Miaari, Sami H.
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    We study the effect of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on the probability to pass the final high-school exam for Palestinian students in the West Bank during the Second Intifada (2000-2006). By exploiting within-school variation in the number of... more

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    We study the effect of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on the probability to pass the final high-school exam for Palestinian students in the West Bank during the Second Intifada (2000-2006). By exploiting within-school variation in the number of conflict-related Palestinian fatalities during the academic year, we show that the conflict reduces the probability to pass the final exam and to be admitted to the university. We also provide evidence of the heterogeneous effects of the conflict in terms of ability of the student and type of violent event the student is exposed to. Finally, we discuss possible transmission mechanisms explaining our main result.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/104655
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8543
    Scope: Online-Ressource (39 S.)
  3. Obstacles on the road to school
    the impacts of mobility restrictions on educational performance
    Author: Miaari, Sami H.; Lee, Ines
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2074
    Subjects: Schule; Personenverkehr; Bildungsniveau; Politischer Konflikt; Westjordanland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. How is the COVID-19 crisis exacerbating socioeconomic inequality among Palestinians in Israel?
    Author: Miaari, Sami H.; Sabbah-Karkabi, Maha; Leṿenṭal, ʿAmit
    Published: September 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The paper gives us a first look on the unique effects of the crisis on the Arab minority in Israel. It contributes to our understanding on how economic and epidemic crises affect marginalized ethnic minorities and informs decision makers while... more

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    Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
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    German Institute for Global and Area Studies, Bibliothek
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    The paper gives us a first look on the unique effects of the crisis on the Arab minority in Israel. It contributes to our understanding on how economic and epidemic crises affect marginalized ethnic minorities and informs decision makers while formulating policies to deal with the crisis's consequences. The results of the paper show significant differences between how this minority group was affected by the crisis compared to the majority-Jewish population. Two months into the crisis, there was no significant difference between the employment rate of low and middle-paid Arab workers, who both suffered employment decreases, but in similar rates. This result is contrary to Jewish workers, where the more workers were paid before the crisis, the more likely they were to remain employed. The research is based on a unique survey conducted during the months of April and May, intended the first wave of a panel survey conducted every 3 months during the coming two years.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/227243
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13716
    Subjects: COVID-19; Pandemie; Araber; Auswirkung; Wirtschaft; Lohnentwicklung
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten), Diagramme, Tabellen
  5. How civilian attitudes respond to the state's violence: lessons from the Israel-Gaza conflict
    Author: Leṿenṭal, ʿAmit; Miaari, Sami H.; Abrahams, Alexei
    Published: October 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    States, in their conflicts with militant groups embedded in civilian populations, often resort to policies of collective punishment to erode civilian support for the militants. We attempt to evaluate the efficacy of such policies in the context of... more

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    States, in their conflicts with militant groups embedded in civilian populations, often resort to policies of collective punishment to erode civilian support for the militants. We attempt to evaluate the efficacy of such policies in the context of the Gaza Strip, where Israel's blockade and military interventions, purportedly intended to erode support for Hamas, have inflicted hardship on the civilian population. We combine Palestinian public opinion data, Palestinian labor force surveys, and Palestinian fatalities data, to understand the relationship between exposure to Israeli policies and Palestinian support for militant factions. Our baseline strategy is a difference-in-differences specification that compares the gap in public opinion between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank during periods of intense punishment with the gap during periods when punishment is eased. Consistent with previous research, we find that Palestinian fatalities are associated with Palestinian support for more militant political factions. The effect is short-lived, however, dissipating after merely one quarter. Moreover the blockade of Gaza itself appears to be only weakly associated with support for militant factions. Overall, we find little evidence to suggest that Israeli security policies towards the Gaza Strip have any substantial lasting effect on Gazan support for militant factions, neither deterring nor provoking them relative to their West Bank counterparts. Our findings therefore call into question the logic of Israel's continued security policies towards Gaza, while also raising the possibility more generally that populations violently targeted by state actors may exhibit greater inertia in their support for militancy (or lack thereof) than is typically theorized in standard models of deterrence.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250437
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14776
    Subjects: Israeli-Palestinian conflict; political preferences; public opinion; conflict; Palestine
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Do economic changes affect the political preferences of Arabs in Israel?
    Author: Miaari, Sami H.; Leṿenṭal, ʿAmit; Adnan, Wifag
    Published: January 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and voting patterns among Arabs in Israel. We combine panel data on 73 Arab localities with election results and socio-economic indicators for seven election years between 1996 and... more

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    We examine the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and voting patterns among Arabs in Israel. We combine panel data on 73 Arab localities with election results and socio-economic indicators for seven election years between 1996 and 2015. Exploiting variation in political preferences and socio-economic status between localities across time, we find that both demographic transition and improvements in standards of living are associated with a decrease in the proportion of Israeli Arabs voting for Jewish-majority parties and a rise in their electoral support for Arab Parties. We also find that the decrease in voter turnout among Arabs following the political effects of the Second Intifada may have been only circumstantial. Our results suggest that Arabs in Israel are becoming more politically independent, as a result of social, political and economic modernization.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/250649
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14988
    Subjects: Israel; elections; Arabs; political economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Obstacles to labour market participation among Arab women in Israel
    Author: Miaari, Sami H.; Khattab, Nabil; Sabbah-Karkabi, Maha
    Published: August 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study investigates the factors that underlay the low labour force participation rate among Palestinian-Arab women in Israel relative to Jewish women despite the high educational attainment among this group. We focus on four factors that could... more

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    This study investigates the factors that underlay the low labour force participation rate among Palestinian-Arab women in Israel relative to Jewish women despite the high educational attainment among this group. We focus on four factors that could explain this pattern: (i) socioeconomic factors such as age and education, (ii) culture factors such as the religiosity of the individual-woman and her family, (iii) family structure and related public policies, and (iv) the early retirement of Arab women from the labour market. We find that all four of these factors affect the probability of Palestinian-Arab women participating in the labour market. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for labour market policies.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/224014
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13572
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Obstacles on the road to school: the impacts of mobility restrictions on educational performance
    Author: Miaari, Sami H.; Lee, Ines
    Published: August 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper examines the impact of mobility restrictions on educational performance in the West Bank over 2000-2006 during the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This conflict is characterized by a system of mobility restrictions enforced through physical... more

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    This paper examines the impact of mobility restrictions on educational performance in the West Bank over 2000-2006 during the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This conflict is characterized by a system of mobility restrictions enforced through physical barriers such as checkpoints. Using novel data on the location of barriers, we find that exposure to one or more checkpoints reduces the probability of passing the final high school exam by 1-3 percentage points and the overall score by 0.04-0.07 standard deviations. We find evidence of three mechanisms at play: school resources deteriorate, students' psychological wellbeing worsens, and students lose time due to delays at checkpoints.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/224005
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13563
    Subjects: Schule; Personenverkehr; Bildungsniveau; Politischer Konflikt; Westjordanland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Voting patterns and the gender wage gap
    Author: Adnan, Wifag; Miaari, Sami H.
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    Striving for gender equality presents major challenges but the benefits are vast, ranging from reduced conflict, both within and between communities, to higher economic growth. Unfortunately, Israel's gender wage gap remains one of the highest among... more

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    Striving for gender equality presents major challenges but the benefits are vast, ranging from reduced conflict, both within and between communities, to higher economic growth. Unfortunately, Israel's gender wage gap remains one of the highest among developed countries, despite a growing reverse gender gap in educational attainment. Investigating the gender wage gap for the Jewish majority and for the Arab minority, we find evidence of gender segregation by industry and occupations in addition to a glass ceiling effect for Jewish and Arab women. Using data from the Israeli Household Income Survey and electoral data from the Israeli parliamentary elections (2009), this paper provides novel evidence of the role of voter preferences in explaining the persistence of gender pay gaps. Importantly, we find strong evidence of an association between a higher share of votes allocated to nationalist parties, in a given locality, and a larger, (adjusted), gender wage gap for both Jewish-Israelis and Arab-Israelis.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/177065
    Series: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 11261
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Ethnic capital and class reproduction: comparing the impact of socio-economic status on children’s educational attainment across ethno-religious groups in Israel
    Author: Miaari, Sami H.; Khattab, Nabil; Kraus, Vered; Yonay, Yuval Peretz
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This article investigates the relationships between ethnicity, class, and prospects of educational success. For this purpose, we compared the effects of family socio-economic characteristics on children's educational attainment in four... more

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    This article investigates the relationships between ethnicity, class, and prospects of educational success. For this purpose, we compared the effects of family socio-economic characteristics on children's educational attainment in four ethno-religious groups in Israel (Muslim, Christian, and Druze Palestinians; Jews). Information from the 1995 census on the households with at least one child born in the cohort of 1975-1985 is matched with Ministry of Education records on all those who achieved matriculation certificates and academic degrees between 1995 and 2012. The results show that the educational outcomes of Christian and Druze children are less dependent on their family characteristics compared to Muslim and Jewish children. We suggest that the disadvantage of Palestinian schools in a Jewish-dominated state is offset by the tougher competition Jewish children from disadvantaged strata face in schools attended by those from affluent strata. Family background is more important for academic degrees than for the matriculation certificate. Furthermore, the education and occupation of mothers and fathers both have an equally important impact on child outcomes.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/232805
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14053
    Subjects: ethnic capital; class; inequality; educational attainment; Israel
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  11. Aid and radicalization: the case of Hamas in the West Bank and Gaza
    Author: Leṿenṭal, ʿAmit; Miaari, Sami H.; Hoeffler, Anke
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In this paper we study how radical political factions secure support. In order to achieve their objective of gaining support, radical political factions can choose from a number of specific strategies. They can provide financial assistance and... more

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    In this paper we study how radical political factions secure support. In order to achieve their objective of gaining support, radical political factions can choose from a number of specific strategies. They can provide financial assistance and generate a reciprocal relationship with their beneficiaries (political clientelism). On the other hand, financial assistance from other, non-radical sources, may raise the opportunity cost from militant policies performed by radical factions, making recipients of such financial assistance less likely to support radicals (opportunity cost theory). Smaller payments may induce loyalty, especially if the assistance is part of a "club good" offered by the radical faction, (club good theory). Costly forms of political violence by the radical faction signal resolve and may attract more support, (outbidding theory). We examine all four tactics for the case of Hamas, a radical faction in the Palestinian National Authority. We exploit a unique dataset that includes the sources and extent of assistance received by Palestinian households, data on Israeli and Palestinian fatalities as well as data on the level of support for particular Palestinian factions. We find that residents of districts that receive assistance from religious charities are more likely to support Hamas, even though this support is relatively small in monetary terms. These support patterns are in line with existing theory on armed religious groups as club good providers. By comparison, residents of districts who receive more material aid from Palestinian Authority agencies are more likely to support Fatah, except in the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip. Finally, aid from international organizations is associated with support for moderate factions and decreased support of radical factions. While it is possible that charities only target districts and households that support them, testing for reverse causality, by regressing charity support on lagged political preferences, yields no such evidence.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236296
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14265
    Subjects: Hamas; charities; radicalization; conflict; Palestine; humanitarian aid
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The public-private wage differential in the West Bank and Gaza
    before and during the second intifada
    Author: Miaari, Sami H.
    Published: 2009

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 1814/11483
    Series: EUI working paper / MWP ; 2009,13
    Scope: Online-Ressource (39 S., 404 KB)
  13. The labor market impact of mobility restrictions
    evidence from the West Bank
    Author: Cali, Massimiliano; Miaari, Sami H.
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  World Bank, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network, International Trade Department, Washington, DC

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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 6457
    Subjects: Mobilität; Arbeitsmarkt; Westjordanland
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 44 S., 3,22 MB), graph. Darst., Kt.
  14. The labor market impact of mobility restrictions
    evidence from the West Bank
    Author: Calì, Massimiliano; Miaari, Sami H.
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  European Regional Science Association, [Louvain-la-Neuve]

    Using data on Israeli closures inside the West Bank, we provide novel evidence on the labor market effects of conflict-induced restrictions to mobility. To identify the effects we exploit the fact that the placement of physical barriers by Israel was... more

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    Using data on Israeli closures inside the West Bank, we provide novel evidence on the labor market effects of conflict-induced restrictions to mobility. To identify the effects we exploit the fact that the placement of physical barriers by Israel was exogenous to local labor market conditions. These barriers to mobility have a significant negative effect on employment, wages and days worked in the West Bank while they have a positive impact on the number of hours per working day. These effects are driven mainly by checkpoints and only a tiny portion of the effects is due to direct restrictions on workers' mobility. Despite being an under-estimation of the actual effects, the costs of the barriers are substantial: in 2007 they amounted to 6% of GDP. Most of these costs are due to lower wages, suggesting that the labor markets have adjusted to the restrictions more through prices than quantities.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/123843
    Series: Regional integration : Europe, the Mediterranean and the world economy : 53rd ERSA Congress : 27-31 August 2013, Palermo, Italy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen