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Displaying results 1 to 25 of 32.

  1. The impacts of localised council tax support schemes
    Author: Adam, Stuart; Joyce, Robert; Pope, Thomas
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    In April 2013, council tax benefit (CTB), which provided help for low-income households with their council tax, was abolished. In its place, local authorities (LAs) in England were charged with designing their own council tax support (CTS) schemes... more

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    In April 2013, council tax benefit (CTB), which provided help for low-income households with their council tax, was abolished. In its place, local authorities (LAs) in England were charged with designing their own council tax support (CTS) schemes for those of working age - though they were obliged to provide a centrally determined (and largely protected) level of support for pensioners. With reduced funding made available to them by central government, most LAs chose CTS schemes that were less generous than the CTB system they were replacing, with some low-income households having to pay council tax for the first time and others seeing their tax liabilities increase. CTS remains a significant part of our system of means-tested support. Across Great Britain, it was paid to 4.9 million households in 2017-18 - more than any other meanstested payment. It cost LAs £4.1 billion, which represents an aggregate reduction of about 11% of gross council tax bills (leaving them with £33 billion of net council tax revenue). Spending on the 2.4 million working-age claimants in England - the focus of this report, since it is their entitlements that now vary between LAs - came to £1.8 billion, implying an average award for those claimants of £770 per year. Five years on from the localisation and funding cut for CTS, this report looks at how LAs' CTS schemes have evolved since they were first introduced, and at the changing effects of these scheme choices on claimants and on LAs.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781912805143
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/201791
    Series: [IFS report] ; (R153)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Recessions, income inequality and the role of the tax and benefit system
    Author: Cribb, Jonathan; Hood, Andrew; Joyce, Robert
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    It is now around a decade since the financial crisis that triggered the Great Recession of 2008-09. In many respects, the impacts of this recession on the living standards of UK households have been unusually severe. Median household income is now... more

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    It is now around a decade since the financial crisis that triggered the Great Recession of 2008-09. In many respects, the impacts of this recession on the living standards of UK households have been unusually severe. Median household income is now around 15% below its long-run trend, having grown by only around 5% over the past decade. However, one dimension in which the Great Recession has not had a deleterious impact is income inequality. In this report, we seek to understand why past recessions have had such different effects on income inequality. We also examine the potential impact of the next labour market downturn on the distribution of household incomes.

     
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    Contributor: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781911102700
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/201778
    Series: [IFS report] ; (R137)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Let's talk about six big economic challenges that need addressing
    Author: Adam, Stuart; Crawford, Rowena; Cribb, Jonathan; Emmerson, Carl; Johnson, Paul; Joyce, Robert
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    Whether the UK leaves the European Union, and if so on what terms, is a crucial issue and therefore rightly should be the subject of much debate in the run-up to the general election on 12 December. But Brexit is not the only economically important... more

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    Whether the UK leaves the European Union, and if so on what terms, is a crucial issue and therefore rightly should be the subject of much debate in the run-up to the general election on 12 December. But Brexit is not the only economically important decision that the UK faces. So the general election debate should not be only about Brexit. With this in mind, this report sets out one page on each of the following six economic areas where attention, and action, by policymakers are needed. Serious parties seeking election should be setting out how they would seek to address these serious challenges. - productivity performance and average earnings (page 3); - living standards of different generations (page 4); - in-work poverty (page 5); - pressures on pensions, health and social care spending (page 6); - weaknesses in the tax system (page 7); and - getting to net zero greenhouse gas emissions (page 8).

     
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    Contributor: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781912805426
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235053
    Series: [IFS report] ; (R164)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The cost of living crisis
    a pre-Budget briefing
    Author: Cribb, Jonathan; Joyce, Robert; Karjalainen, Heidi; Ray-Chaudhuri, Sam; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    The recent surge in inflation, driven by spectacular increases in energy prices, has driven sharp falls in household living standards, huge government intervention to try to mitigate it, and serious policy headaches. As such it continues to be the... more

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    The recent surge in inflation, driven by spectacular increases in energy prices, has driven sharp falls in household living standards, huge government intervention to try to mitigate it, and serious policy headaches. As such it continues to be the backdrop behind many of the most pressing issues that will face Chancellor Hunt when he delivers his first Budget on 15 March. This short report analyses the latest outlook for inflation, how this varies across households and is impacted by the government's interventions on consumer energy prices, and the resulting effects on real earnings and benefit levels.

     
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    Contributor: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781801031264
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282932
    Series: IFS report ; R245
    Subjects: Consumption and prices; Poverty, inequality and social mobility; Spring Budget 2023; Inflation; Inequality; Pay
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Intensive margin labour supply and the dynamic effects of in-work transfers
    Author: Goll, David; Joyce, Robert; Waters, Tom
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    Policy-makers have increasingly turned to ‘in-work transfers’ to boost incomes among poorer workers and strengthen work incentives. One attraction of these is that labour supply elasticities are typically greatest at the extensive margin. Because... more

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    Policy-makers have increasingly turned to ‘in-work transfers’ to boost incomes among poorer workers and strengthen work incentives. One attraction of these is that labour supply elasticities are typically greatest at the extensive margin. Because in-work transfers are normally subject to earnings-related phase-outs, they tend to most strongly incentivise part-time work, weakening intensive margin incentives for many. But part-time work may generate relatively little in the way of human capital and career progression. How should these dynamic considerations affect the design of in-work transfers? To assess this we use a dynamic model of female labour supply with endogenous human capital accumulation. Among reforms that would cost the same amount on a no-behavioural-response basis, those that incentivise full-time work can end up costing considerably less than those that incentivise part-time work, once the dynamic responses - including human capital accumulation - are accounted for. They also do more to increase incomes, including among poorer households, and to raise welfare. Our results suggest that in-work transfers could be refined by paying greater attention to the intensive margin effects through the design of their phase-outs.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284229
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 23, 03
    Subjects: Life-cycle model; human capital; transfers; labour supply; intensive margin; extensive margin; welfare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Explaining the socio-economic gradient in child outcomes
    the intergenerational transmission of cognitive skills
    Author: Crawford, Claire; Goodman, Alissa; Joyce, Robert
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  Inst. for Fiscal Studies, London

    Papers in this volume and elsewhere consistently find a strong relationship between children's cognitive abilities and their parents' socio-economic position (SEP). Most studies seeking to explain the paths through which SEP affects cognitive skills... more

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    Papers in this volume and elsewhere consistently find a strong relationship between children's cognitive abilities and their parents' socio-economic position (SEP). Most studies seeking to explain the paths through which SEP affects cognitive skills suffer from a potentially serious omitted variables problem, as they are unable to account for an important determinant of children's cognitive abilities, namely parental cognitive ability. A range of econometric strategies have been employed to overcome this issue, but in this paper, we adopt the very simple (but rarely available) route of using data that includes a range of typically unobserved characteristics, such as parental cognitive ability and social skills. In line with previous work on the intergenerational transmission of cognitive skills, we find that parental cognitive ability is a significant predictor of children's cognitive ability; moreover, it explains one sixth of the socio-economic gap in those skills, even after controlling for a rich set of demographic, attitudinal and behavioural factors. Despite the importance of parental cognitive ability in explaining children's cognitive ability, however, the addition of such typically unobserved characteristics does not alter our impression of the relative importance of other factors in explaining the socio-economic gap in cognitive skills. This is reassuring for studies that are unable to control for parental cognitive ability. -- cognitive skills ; intergenerational transmission ; socio-economic gap

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/47467
    Series: IFS working papers ; 10,16
    Subjects: Schüler; Bildungsertrag; Intelligenz; Eltern; Soziale Schicht
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 20 S., 1000 KB), graph. Darst.
  7. Inference with difference-in-differences revisited
    Author: Brewer, Mike; Crossley, Thomas F.; Joyce, Robert
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    A growing literature on inference in difference-in-differences (DiD) designs with grouped errors has been pessimistic about obtaining hypothesis tests of the correct size, particularly with few groups. We provide Monte Carlo evidence for three... more

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    A growing literature on inference in difference-in-differences (DiD) designs with grouped errors has been pessimistic about obtaining hypothesis tests of the correct size, particularly with few groups. We provide Monte Carlo evidence for three points: (i) it is possible to obtain tests of the correct size even with few groups, and in many settings very straightforward methods will achieve this; (ii) the main problem in DiD designs with grouped errors is instead low power to detect real effects; and (iii) feasible GLS estimation combined with robust inference can increase power considerably whilst maintaining correct test size - again, even with few groups.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/89904
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 7742
    Scope: Online-Ressource (36 S.), graph. Darst.
  8. Income changes and their determinants over the lifecycle
    Author: Hood, Andrew; Joyce, Robert
    Published: December 2015
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    What explains the variation in how income changes as people age? Using household panel data, we investigate the contribution of different time-varying factors in explaining variation in income changes over prime working-age life (between 35-44 and... more

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    What explains the variation in how income changes as people age? Using household panel data, we investigate the contribution of different time-varying factors in explaining variation in income changes over prime working-age life (between 35-44 and 50-59). We find that demographic changes, such as acquiring or losing a partner and the entry or exit of children to and from the household, account for a larger share of the variation in household income changes than shifts in employment status or occupation. This is particularly true for women, for whom demographic changes explain 82% of ex-post predictable variation in household income changes, compared to only 12% explained by employment status and occupation. We find a similar result when looking at the transition into retirement (between 50-59 and 66-75). These results illustrate an important limitation of the extensive literature examining consumption and savings behaviour over the lifecycle: focusing on earnings and income whilst ignoring changes in household composition excludes the largest source of ex-post predictable variation in income changes.

     
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/173934
    Series: IFS working paper ; W15/33
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  9. Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK
    2016
    Author: Belfield, Chris; Cribb, Jonathan; Hood, Andrew; Joyce, Robert
    Published: July 2016
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    The focus of this report is the distribution of household income in the UK. We assess the changes to average incomes, income inequality and poverty that occurred in the latest year of data (2014-15), and put these in historical context using... more

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    The focus of this report is the distribution of household income in the UK. We assess the changes to average incomes, income inequality and poverty that occurred in the latest year of data (2014-15), and put these in historical context using comparable data spanning the last 50 years. The analysis draws upon the data underlying the latest figures from the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP)'s Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series, published on 28 June 2016. The HBAI series is derived from the Family Resources Survey (FRS), a survey of more than 20,000 households in the UK that asks detailed questions about income from a range of sources. (...)

     
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    Contributor: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781911102175
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/171981
    Parent title: Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK - Show all bands
    Series: IFS report ; R117
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 97 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK
    2017
    Author: Cribb, Jonathan; Hood, Andrew; Joyce, Robert; Norris Keiller, Agnes
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    This report examines changes in the distribution of household incomes in the UK, and the determinants and consequences of recent trends. This includes analysing not only changes in average living standards, but also inequality in household incomes... more

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    This report examines changes in the distribution of household incomes in the UK, and the determinants and consequences of recent trends. This includes analysing not only changes in average living standards, but also inequality in household incomes and measures of income poverty and deprivation. We put these into historical context using comparable data spanning the last 50 years. The analysis is based on data from two main UK household surveys. The first is the Family Resources Survey (FRS), a survey of more than 20,000 households a year, which contains detailed information on different sources of household incomes. We use household income variables derived from the FRS by the UK government's Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). These measures of incomes underlie the DWP's annual statistics on the distribution of income, known as "Households Below Average Income" (HBAI). In addition, we use information from Understanding Society. This is a longitudinal survey that follows the same people from one wave to the next, which allows us to examine changes in individual households' incomes and economic circumstances ...

     
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    Contributor: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781911102564
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/201770
    Parent title: Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK - Show all bands
    Series: IFS report ; R129
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Two decades of income inequality in Britain
    the role of wages, household earnings and redistribution
    Author: Belfield, Chris; Blundell, Richard W.; Cribb, Jonathan; Hood, Andrew; Joyce, Robert
    Published: 13 January 2017
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    We study earnings and income inequality in Britain over the past two decades, including the period of relatively "inclusive" growth from 1997-2004 and the Great Recession. We focus on the middle 90%, where trends have contrasted strongly with the... more

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    We study earnings and income inequality in Britain over the past two decades, including the period of relatively "inclusive" growth from 1997-2004 and the Great Recession. We focus on the middle 90%, where trends have contrasted strongly with the "new inequality" at the very top. Household earnings inequality has risen, driven by male earnings - although a 'catch-up' of female earnings did hold down individual earnings inequality and reduce within-household inequality. Nevertheless, net household income inequality fell due to deliberate increases in redistribution, the tax and transfer system's insurance role during the Great Recession, falling household worklessness, and rising pensioner incomes.

     
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    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/173959
    Series: IFS working paper ; W17, 01
    Subjects: Einkommensverteilung; Lohn; Haushaltseinkommen; Umverteilung; Großbritannien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The IFS green budget
    February 2017
    Author: Adam, Stuart; Amin-Smith, Neil; Beck, Martin; Campbell, Ross; Cribb, Jonathan; Emmerson, Carl; Goodwin, Andrew; Joyce, Robert; Luchinskaya, Daria; Miller, Helen; Norris Keiller, Agnes; Pope, Thomas; Sibieta, Luke; Simpson, Polly; Stoye, George; Sturrock, David; Talavera, Ángel; Waters, Tom; Wheatcroft, Martin
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

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    Contributor: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn); Emmerson, Carl (HerausgeberIn); Johnson, Paul (HerausgeberIn); Joyce, Robert (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781911102335
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/171988
    Parent title: The IFS green budget - Show all bands
    Series: IFS report / Institute for Fiscal Studies ; R124
    Subjects: Öffentlicher Haushalt; Wirtschaftslage; Großbritannien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 312 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Enthält 9 Beiträge
  13. IFS green budget
    February 2015
    Contributor: Emmerson, Carl (Hrsg.); Johnson, Paul (Hrsg.); Joyce, Robert (Hrsg.)
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  Inst. for Fiscal Studies, London

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    Contributor: Emmerson, Carl (Hrsg.); Johnson, Paul (Hrsg.); Joyce, Robert (Hrsg.)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781909463752
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/141982
    Series: IFS reports / Institute for Fiscal Studies ; R106
    Subjects: Öffentlicher Haushalt; Wirtschaftslage; Großbritannien
    Scope: Online-Ressource (XV, 274 S.), graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Enth. 10 Beitr

    IFS = Institute for Fiscal Studies
  14. The IFS green budget
    February 2016
    Author: Beck, Martin; Browne, James; Campbell, Ross; Crawford, Rowena; Elming, William; Emmerson, Carl; Goodwin, Andrew; Hodgkinson, Robert; Hood, Andrew; Joyce, Robert; Levell, Peter; Miller, Helen; O'Connell, Martin; Pope, Thomas; Slater, Adam; Smith, Kate; Tetlow, Gemma; Wheatcroft, Martin
    Published: 8 February 2016
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

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    Contributor: Payne, Judith (MitwirkendeR); Emmerson, Carl (HerausgeberIn); Johnson, Paul (HerausgeberIn); Joyce, Robert (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781911102069
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/171977
    Parent title: The IFS green budget - Show all bands
    Series: IFS report / Institute for Fiscal Studies ; (R112)
    Subjects: Öffentlicher Haushalt; Wirtschaftslage; Großbritannien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 285 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Enthält 10 Beiträge
  15. Child and working-age poverty in Northern Ireland from 2010 to 2020
    Author: Browne, James; Hood, Andrew; Joyce, Robert
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Inst. of Fiscal Studies, London

    This report presents projections of relative and absolute income poverty among children and working-age adults in every year to 2016-17, and in 2020-21. The aim is to estimate the implications for household incomes- and hence, income poverty- of what... more

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    This report presents projections of relative and absolute income poverty among children and working-age adults in every year to 2016-17, and in 2020-21. The aim is to estimate the implications for household incomes- and hence, income poverty- of what we know about tax and benefit policy and current forecasts for the macroeconomy. As well as updating previous IFS projections of household incomes and poverty at the UK level, it extends this analysis by showing projections for Northern Ireland (and, in an appendix, for England and Wales and for Scotland). This report was funded by the Office for the First Minister and deputy First Minister, Northern Ireland and the ESRC Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781909463073
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/83510
    Series: IFS reports / Institute for Fiscal Studies ; R78
    Subjects: Haushaltseinkommen; Armut; Niedriglohn; Nordirland
    Scope: Online-Ressource (59 S.), graph. Darst.
  16. The IFS green budget
    October 2019
    Author: Adam, Stuart; Atkins, Graham; Cheung, Aron; Crawford, Rowena; Joyce, Robert; Marshall, Joe; Nabarro, Benjamin; Schulz, Christian; Stockton, Isabel; Stroud, Rebekah; Tetlow, Gemma; Waters, Tom; Xu, Xiaowei; Zaranko, Ben
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    The IFS Green Budget 2019, in association with Citi and the Nuffield Foundation, is edited by Carl Emmerson, Christine Farquharson and Paul Johnson, and copy-edited by Judith Payne. The report looks at the issues and challenges facing Chancellor... more

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    The IFS Green Budget 2019, in association with Citi and the Nuffield Foundation, is edited by Carl Emmerson, Christine Farquharson and Paul Johnson, and copy-edited by Judith Payne. The report looks at the issues and challenges facing Chancellor Sajid Javid as he prepares for his first Budget.

     
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    Contributor: Emmerson, Carl (HerausgeberIn, VerfasserIn); Farquharson, Christine (HerausgeberIn); Johnson, Paul (HerausgeberIn); Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781912805396
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235052
    Parent title: The IFS green budget - Show all bands
    Series: IFS report / Institute for Fiscal Studies ; [R163]
    Subjects: Öffentlicher Haushalt; Finanzpolitik; Steuerpolitik; Großbritannien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 253 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Worker mobility and labour market opportunities
    Author: Dias, Mónica Costa; Johnson-Watts, Ella; Joyce, Robert; Postel-Vinay, Fabien; Spittal, Peter; Xu, Xiaowei
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    We develop a measure of labour market opportunities for heterogenous types of worker, exploiting information on their suitability different jobs encoded in historical patterns of worker mobility. We provide a theoretical foundation for our measure,... more

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    We develop a measure of labour market opportunities for heterogenous types of worker, exploiting information on their suitability different jobs encoded in historical patterns of worker mobility. We provide a theoretical foundation for our measure, which features naturally in a general random search framework. Our measure is flexible in the sense that it admits general definitions of worker and job heterogeneity, and is easily implementable empirically with data on worker mobility and labour demand. We apply our measure to high-quality data on labour demand in the UK, based on the universe of 104.7 million job adverts posted online from January 2015 to June 2021. We demonstrate the utility of our measure with an analysis of worker prospects throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. First, while the direct impact of lockdown policies was concentrated on relatively few industries, labour demand fell much more broadly. And, as our measure highlights, the full effects were broader still because of the disruption to usual career progression, even for those in less-affected sectors such as healthcare. Second, despite aggregate labour demand returning to pre-pandemic levels by June 2021, 25% of the workforce faced new job opportunities more than 10% below pre-pandemic levels. This is because of a change in the composition of vacancy postings (towards lower-paying occupations) which our measure of labour market opportunities is sensitive to. Finally, the majority (64%) of unemployed workers faced at least 10% more competition for jobs from unemployed jobseekers than before the pandemic.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/242928
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 29
    Subjects: Vacancies; labour demand; worker mobility; mismatch; Covid-19
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The distributional and employment impacts of nationwide minimum wage changes
    Author: Cribb, Jonathan; Giupponi, Giulia; Joyce, Robert; Lindner, Attila; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    We estimate the effect of the introduction of the UK’s National Living Wage in 2016, and increases in it up to 2019, using a new empirical method. We apply a bunching approach to a setting with no geographical variation in minimum wage rates. We... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 141
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    We estimate the effect of the introduction of the UK’s National Living Wage in 2016, and increases in it up to 2019, using a new empirical method. We apply a bunching approach to a setting with no geographical variation in minimum wage rates. We effectively compare employment changes in each part of the wage distribution in low-wage areas to employment changes among similar workers living in higher-wage areas who are less exposed to increases in the national minimum wage because their nominal wages are further above it. We find substantial positive wage effects, including statistically significant spillovers up to around the 20th percentile of wages. Overall we find small negative effects on employment which are not statistically significant. We combine these estimates with a tax and benefit microsimulation model to estimate the impact on household incomes. The largest gains go to the middle of the overall working-age income distribution, though they are more concentrated within the bottom third if we consider only households with someone in paid work. The gains to poorer working households are limited by the withdrawal of means tested benefits as earnings increase. Effects of minimum wages on household incomes are very sensitive to the size of employment effects.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/254249
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 48
    Subjects: minimum wage; labor demand; income inequality; poverty
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Inequality and the Covid crisis in the United Kingdom
    Author: Blundell, Richard W.; Dias, Mónica Costa; Cribb, Jonathan; Joyce, Robert; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    We review the effects on the Covid-19 pandemic on inequalities in education, the labour market, household living standards, mental health, and wealth in the UK. The pandemic has pushed up inequalities on several dimensions. School closures particular... more

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    We review the effects on the Covid-19 pandemic on inequalities in education, the labour market, household living standards, mental health, and wealth in the UK. The pandemic has pushed up inequalities on several dimensions. School closures particular disrupted the learning of poorer children, leading to lower attainment. Mental health worsened for those groups (women and younger adults) who had poorer mental health pre-pandemic. Lockdowns and social distancing particularly reduced the ability of younger, lower-earning, and less educated people to work. However, job-support programmes combined with the expanded welfare system meant that, if anything, disposable income inequality fell. Rising house prices have benefited people in particular around the middle of the wealth distribution. In the longer term, lower work experience for the less educated and missed schooling could push up some inequalities. Increased rates of working from home seem likely to persist which may increase some inequalities and decrease others.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/254251
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 22, 01
    Subjects: inequality; Covid-19 pandemic; education; living standards; wealth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Income inequality and the labour market in Britain and the US
    Author: Blundell, Richard W.; Joyce, Robert; Norris Keiller, Agnes; Ziliak, James P.
    Published: 01 November 2017
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    We study household income inequality in both Great Britain and the United States and the interplay between labour market earnings and the tax system. While both Britain and the US have witnessed secular increases in 90/10 male earnings inequality... more

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    We study household income inequality in both Great Britain and the United States and the interplay between labour market earnings and the tax system. While both Britain and the US have witnessed secular increases in 90/10 male earnings inequality over the last three decades, this measure of inequality in net family has declined in Britain while it has risen in the US. We examine the interaction between labour market earnings in the family, assortative mating, the tax and benefit system and household income inequality. We find that both countries have witnessed sizeable changes in employment which have primarily occurred on the extensive margin in the US and on the intensive margin in Britain. Increases in the generosity of the welfare system in Britain played a key role in equalizing net income growth across the wage distribution whereas the relatively weak safety net available to non-workers in the US mean this growing group has seen particularly adverse developments in their net incomes.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/200285
    Series: IFS working paper ; W17, 25
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Problem debt and low-income households
    Author: Hood, Andrew; Joyce, Robert; Sturrock, David
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 422 (138)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781911102779
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/201779
    Series: [IFS report] ; (R138)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Entering the labour market in a weak economy
    scarring and insurance
    Author: Cribb, Jonathan; Hood, Andrew; Joyce, Robert
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    This paper estimates the effects of entering the labour market when the economy is weak on subsequent living standards using consistent long-running household survey data from the UK. In line with previous research, we find persistent scarring... more

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    This paper estimates the effects of entering the labour market when the economy is weak on subsequent living standards using consistent long-running household survey data from the UK. In line with previous research, we find persistent scarring effects on employment and earnings. However, we also provide the first estimates of impacts on net household incomes and household expenditures - standard proxies for material living standards - and we find little or no impacts. This is primarily due to two particular forms of insurance: the UK tax and transfer system and, even more importantly on average, the incomes of parents, with whom many young adults live in the years after leaving education. The interplay between heterogeneity in labour market scarring and insurance is key to understanding why parental incomes insure so much of the shock: lower-educated young adults experience the worst labour market scarring effects, but they are also highly likely to live with their parents in the years after labour market entry (irrespective of economic conditions), and the negative labour market effects are not so persistent as to outlast the typical period of co-residence. However, young adults not living with parents do see negative and persistent scarring effects feed through to their net incomes and expenditures. It may therefore be useful for future research on scarring to focus on this group, as well as the degree to which resources are shared within households between parents and their co-resident adult children.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/200287
    Series: IFS working paper ; W17, 27
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. The gender pay gap in the UK
    children and experience in work
    Author: Dias, Mónica Costa; Joyce, Robert; Parodi, Francesca
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    Despite some convergence, the gender pay gap remains large. In this study, we use BHPS-USoc data to document the evolution of the gender pay gap in the UK over the past 25 years and its association with fertility. We also investigate the potential... more

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    Despite some convergence, the gender pay gap remains large. In this study, we use BHPS-USoc data to document the evolution of the gender pay gap in the UK over the past 25 years and its association with fertility. We also investigate the potential role of various differences in career patterns between men and women and how they change with the arrival of the rst child. We show that differences in accumulated years of experience and in working hours play an important role. We develop an empirical wage model to estimate the causal effect of working experience in the wages of women. Estimates from this model are then used to simulate counterfactual scenarios where women always work full-time if at all and where women work as much as men do. We nd that differences in working experience can explain up to two thirds of the existing gender pay gap of college graduates 20 years after the rst childbirth, and that the gap is largely driven by differences in working hours. The role of working experience is more moderate for individuals with no college education, but it can still account for about one third of the overall gender wage gap 20 years after childbirth.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/200291
    Series: IFS working paper ; W18, 02
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. The esthetic animal
    man, the art-created art creator
    Author: Joyce, Robert
    Published: 1975
    Publisher:  Exposition Press, Hicksville, N.Y.

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    Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hauptbibliothek
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    Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte, Bibliothek
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Subjects: Aesthetics; Art / Philosophy; Art and society; History / Philosophy; Geschichte; Kunst; Philosophie; Ästhetik; Aesthetics; Art and society; Art; History; Ästhetik
    Scope: viii, 143 p., ill., 24 cm
    Notes:

    Bibliography: p. 129-135. - Includes index
  25. The cost of housing for low-income renters
    Author: Joyce, Robert; Mitchell, Matthew; Keiller, Agnes Norris
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    The "affordability" of housing is one of the most prominent domestic public policy issues of the day, and for good reason. The housing that people are in is an important determinant of their well-being, and it is something on which people -... more

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    The "affordability" of housing is one of the most prominent domestic public policy issues of the day, and for good reason. The housing that people are in is an important determinant of their well-being, and it is something on which people - especially those on lower incomes - typically spend a substantial fraction of their income. Changes in the price of obtaining a given standard of housing can therefore significantly affect living standards. This report documents changes in housing tenure and analyses changes in the cost of renting.

     
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    Contributor: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781911102663
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/201773
    Series: [IFS report] ; (R132)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen