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  1. The impact of technology and trade on migration
    evidence from the US
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

    Migration has long been considered one of the key mechanisms through which labor markets adjust to economic shocks. In this paper, we analyze the migration response of American workers to two of the most important shocks that have hit Western... mehr

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    Migration has long been considered one of the key mechanisms through which labor markets adjust to economic shocks. In this paper, we analyze the migration response of American workers to two of the most important shocks that have hit Western economies since the late 1990s – import competition from China and the introduction of industrial robots. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in exposure across US local labor markets over time, we first verify that both shocks led to a steep reduction in manufacturing employment. Next, we present our main results, and show that, on average, robots caused a sizable reduction in population size, whereas trade with China did not. The decline in population size due to robots resulted from reduced in-migration into rather than increased out-migration away from affected areas. In the second part of the paper, we explore the mechanisms behind these results. We show that the two labor market shocks differ in their propagation across industries within local labor markets: while robots caused negative spillovers to service industries, Chinese imports, if anything, favored employment growth outside of manufacturing. We provide suggestive evidence that these propagation patterns are responsible for the differential migration response

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 20, 071
    Harvard Business School BGIE Unit Working Paper ; No. 20-071
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    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. From immigrants to Americans
    race and assimilation during the great migration
    Erschienen: 09 February 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Happily ever after: immigration, natives' marriage and fertility
    Erschienen: 16 January 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14316
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Gifts of the immigrants, woes of the natives
    lessons from the age of mass migration
    Erschienen: 16 January 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14317
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 119 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Racial diversity, electoral preferences, and the supply of policy
    the great migration and civil rights
    Erschienen: 16 January 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 110 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Racial heterogeneity and local government finances
    evidence from the great migration
    Erschienen: 16 January 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14319
    Schlagworte: Gemeindefinanzen; Ethnische Vielfalt; Binnenwanderung; Schwarze Menschen; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Economic integration and democracy
    an empirical investigation
    Erschienen: 21 January 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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  8. Legislators' response to changes in the rlectorate
    the great migration and civil rights
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

    Between 1940 and 1970 more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the United States, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in ending... mehr

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    Between 1940 and 1970 more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the United States, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in ending institutionalized racial discrimination. This paper shows that the Great Migration and support for civil rights are causally linked. Predicting Black inflows with a version of the shift-share instrument, we find that the Great Migration increased support for the Democratic Party and encouraged pro-civil rights activism in northern and western counties. These effects were driven by both Black and white voters, and were stronger in counties with a lower history of discrimination and with a larger working class and unionized white population. Mirroring the changes in the electorate, northern and western Congress members became more likely to promote civil rights legislation. Yet, these average effects mask heterogeneity in the behavior of legislators, who grew increasingly polarized along party lines on racial issues. Overall, our findings indicate that the Great Migration promoted Black political empowerment outside the South. They also suggest that, under certain conditions, cross-race coalitions can be major drivers of social and political change

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 20, 017
    Harvard Business School BGIE Unit Working Paper ; No. 20-017
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Economic integration and democracy
    an empirical investigation
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

    We study whether economic integration fosters the process of democratization and the channels through which this might happen. Our analysis is based on a large panel dataset of countries between 1950 and 2014. We instrument actual trade with... mehr

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    We study whether economic integration fosters the process of democratization and the channels through which this might happen. Our analysis is based on a large panel dataset of countries between 1950 and 2014. We instrument actual trade with predicted trade constructed by estimating a time-varying gravity equation similar to Feyrer (2009). We find that economic integration has a positive effect on democracy, driven by trade with democratic partners and stronger for countries with lower initial levels of economic and institutional development. These results are consistent with a learning/cultural exchange process whereby economic integration promotes the spread of democracy from more to less democratic countries. We corroborate this interpretation by providing evidence against alternative mechanisms, such as income effects, human capital accumulation, and trade-induced changes in inequality

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 19, 003
    Harvard Business School BGIE Unit Working Paper ; No. 19-003
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftsintegration; Außenhandel; Demokratisierung; Institutioneller Wandel; Entwicklung
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    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Racial heterogeneity and local government finances
    evidence from the Great Migration
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

    Between 1915 and 1930, during the First Great Migration, more than 1.5 million African Americans migrated from the South to the North of the United States, altering the racial profile of several northern cities for the first time in American history.... mehr

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    Between 1915 and 1930, during the First Great Migration, more than 1.5 million African Americans migrated from the South to the North of the United States, altering the racial profile of several northern cities for the first time in American history. I exploit this episode to study how an increase in racial heterogeneity affects the provision of public goods and city finances. I predict black in-migration by interacting 1900 settlements of southern born blacks across northern cities with variation in outmigration from the South after 1910. I find that black inflows had a strong, negative impact on both public spending and tax revenues in northern cities. The decline in tax revenues was not due to cities decision to cut tax rates, but was entirely driven by a reduction in property values. These findings suggest that the housing market response to black arrivals imposed a negative fiscal externality to receiving cities that, unable or unwilling to raise taxes, were forced to cut spending. Consistent with this interpretation, cities did not change the allocation of spending across categories, while the negative effects of black in-migration were smaller when controlling for the (predicted) white outflows triggered by black arrivals

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 19, 006
    Schlagworte: Gemeindefinanzen; Migranten; Ethnische Gruppe; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Happily ever after
    immigration, natives' marriage, and fertility
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

    We study the effects of immigration on natives’ marriage, fertility, and family formation across US cities between 1910 and 1930 using a shift-share design. We find that natives living in cities that received more immigrants were more likely to... mehr

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    We study the effects of immigration on natives’ marriage, fertility, and family formation across US cities between 1910 and 1930 using a shift-share design. We find that natives living in cities that received more immigrants were more likely to marry, have kids, and leave the parental house earlier. Our evidence suggests that the positive impact of immigration on native men’s employment, which increased the supply of native “marriageable men”, contributed to generate these patterns. Instead, alternative channels – changes in sex ratios, natives’ cultural reactions, and economic competition for native women – are unlikely to, alone, explain our results

     

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This Version: March 2019
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 19, 004
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. From immigrants to Americans
    race and assimilation during the Great Migration
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

    How does the arrival of a new minority group affect the social acceptance and outcomes of existing minorities? We study this question in the context of the First Great Migration. Between 1915 and 1930, 1.5 million African Americans moved from the... mehr

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    How does the arrival of a new minority group affect the social acceptance and outcomes of existing minorities? We study this question in the context of the First Great Migration. Between 1915 and 1930, 1.5 million African Americans moved from the U.S. South to Northern urban centers, which were home to millions of European immigrants arrived in previous decades. We formalize and empirically test the hypothesis that the inflows of Black Americans changed perceptions of outgroup distance among native-born whites, reducing the barriers to the social integration of European immigrants. Predicting Black in-migration with a version of the shift-share instrument, we find that immigrants living in areas that received more Black migrants experienced higher assimilation along a range of outcomes, such as naturalization rates and intermarriages with native-born spouses. Evidence from the historical press and patterns of heterogeneity across immigrant nationalities provide additional support to the role of shifting perceptions of the white majority

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 19, 018
    Schlagworte: Einwanderung; Ethnische Beziehungen; Soziale Integration; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Changing in-group boundaries
    the effect of immigration on race relations in the US
    Erschienen: 09 April 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The seeds of ideology
    historical immigration and political preferences in the United States
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We test the relationship between historical immigration to the United States and political ideology today. We hypothesize that European immigrants brought with them their preferences for the welfare state, and that this had a long-lasting effect on... mehr

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    We test the relationship between historical immigration to the United States and political ideology today. We hypothesize that European immigrants brought with them their preferences for the welfare state, and that this had a long-lasting effect on the political ideology of US born individuals. Our analysis proceeds in three steps. First, we document that the historical presence of European immigrants is associated with a more liberal political ideology and with stronger preferences for redistribution among US born individuals today. Next, we show that this correlation is not driven by the characteristics of the counties where immigrants settled or other specific, socioeconomic immigrants' traits. Finally, we conjecture and provide evidence that immigrants brought with them their preferences for the welfare state from their countries of origin. Consistent with the hypothesis that immigration left its footprint on American ideology via cultural transmission from immigrants to natives, we show that our results are stronger when inter-group contact between natives and immigrants, measured with either intermarriage or residential integration, was higher. Our findings also indicate that immigrants influenced American political ideology during one of the largest episodes of redistribution in US history - the New Deal - and that such effects persisted after the initial shock.

     

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    hdl: 10419/223710
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13268
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 99 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Stereotypes and politics
    Erschienen: 15 April 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14617
    Schlagworte: Stereotyp; Konservative Partei; Liberale Partei; Erwartungsbildung; Wahlverhalten; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The seeds of ideology
    historical immigration and political preferences in the United States
    Erschienen: 19 May 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14784
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 100 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. From immigrants to Americans
    race and assimilation during the Great Migration
    Erschienen: February
    Verlag:  Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, [Milano]

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    Schriftenreihe: Development studies working papers / Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano ; n. 445
    Schlagworte: Einwanderung; Ethnische Beziehungen; Soziale Integration; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences
    The Great Migration and Civil Rights
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Between 1940 and 1970, more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the United States, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in... mehr

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    Between 1940 and 1970, more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the United States, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in ending institutionalized racial discrimination. This paper shows that the Great Migration and support for civil rights are causally linked. Predicting Black inflows with a shift-share instrument, we find that the Great Migration increased support for the Democratic Party and encouraged pro-civil rights activism in northern and western counties. These effects were not only driven by Black voters, but also by progressive and working class segments of the white population. We identify the salience of conditions prevailing in the South, measured through increased reporting of southern lynchings in northern newspapers, as a possible channel through which the Great Migration increased whites' support for civil rights. Mirroring the changes in the electorate, non-southern Congress members became more likely to promote civil rights legislation, but also grew increasingly polarized along party lines on racial issues

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28965
    Schlagworte: Schwarze Menschen; Binnenwanderung; Ethnische Diskriminierung; Ethnische Beziehungen; Politische Einstellung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  19. Faith and assimilation: Italian immigrants in the US
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Ethnic religious organizations are often blamed for slowing down immigrants' assimilation in host societies. This paper offers the first systematic evidence on this topic by focusing on Italian Catholic churches in the US between 1890 and 1920, when... mehr

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    Ethnic religious organizations are often blamed for slowing down immigrants' assimilation in host societies. This paper offers the first systematic evidence on this topic by focusing on Italian Catholic churches in the US between 1890 and 1920, when four million Italians had moved to America, and anti-Catholic sentiments were widespread. Relying on newly collected data on the presence of Italian Catholic churches across counties over time, we implement a difference-in-differences design. We find that Italian churches reduced the social assimilation of Italian immigrants, lowering intermarriage, residential integration, and naturalization rates. We provide evidence that both stronger coordination within the Italian community and negative stereotyping among natives can explain these effects. Yet, Italian churches had ambiguous effects on immigrants' economic outcomes, and increased literacy and ability to speak English among Italian children.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14567
    Schlagworte: immigration; assimilation; religious organizations
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. The design of disease maps shapes perceptions of threat and public policy preferences
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Choropleth disease maps have become the main tool for communicating information about the geography of health threats to the public. These maps have the potential to shape perceptions of threat, preferences about policy, and perhaps even behavior,... mehr

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    Choropleth disease maps have become the main tool for communicating information about the geography of health threats to the public. These maps have the potential to shape perceptions of threat, preferences about policy, and perhaps even behavior, but they are unfortunately often poorly designed and misleading. In a large survey of residents of the U.S. state of Georgia conducted in June 2020, we randomly assigned respondents to view one of two maps produced in the spring of 2020 by the Georgia Department of Public Health. The first is a map of county-level COVID case counts, which generated the false perception that the COVID threat was concentrated almost exclusively in the Atlanta metro area. The second is a map of the case rate per 100,000 people, which clarified that the virus was widespread in much of Georgia. Those who saw the second map were less likely to consider the virus as an urban problem, and more likely to perceive it as a concern for Georgia and its economy. Moreover, respondents from non-metro areas who saw the case rate map were more concerned that they, their friends, or community members might contract the virus. Respondents who saw the case rate map also expressed greater support for policies aimed at mitigating the virus – an effect driven by self-identified Republicans, who were far more skeptical about public health measures to mitigate the spread of the virus in general.

     

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    hdl: 10419/236396
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14365
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; policy; maps; public health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. From immigrants to Americans: race and assimilation during the Great Migration
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    How does the arrival of a new minority group affect the social acceptance and outcomes of existing minorities? We study this question in the context of the First Great Migration. Between 1915 and 1930, 1.5 million African Americans moved from the US... mehr

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    How does the arrival of a new minority group affect the social acceptance and outcomes of existing minorities? We study this question in the context of the First Great Migration. Between 1915 and 1930, 1.5 million African Americans moved from the US South to Northern urban centers, which were home to millions of European immigrants arrived in previous decades. We formalize and empirically test the hypothesis that the inflows of Black Americans changed perceptions of outgroup distance among native-born whites, reducing the barriers to the social integration of European immigrants. Predicting Black in-migration with a version of the shift-share instrument, we find that immigrants living in areas that received more Black migrants experienced higher assimilation along a range of outcomes, such as naturalization rates and intermarriages with native-born spouses. Evidence from the historical press and patterns of heterogeneity across immigrant nationalities provide additional support to the role of shifting perceptions of the white majority.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236402
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14371
    Schlagworte: immigration; assimilation; Great Migration; race; group identity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Racial diversity and racial policy preferences: the Great Migration and civil rights
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Between 1940 and 1970, more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the United States, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in... mehr

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    Between 1940 and 1970, more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the United States, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in ending institutionalized racial discrimination. This paper shows that the Great Migration and support for civil rights are causally linked. Predicting Black inflows with a shift-share instrument, we find that the Great Migration increased support for the Democratic Party and encouraged pro-civil rights activism in northern and western counties. These effects were not only driven by Black voters, but also by progressive and working class segments of the white population. We identify the salience of conditions prevailing in the South, measured through increased reporting of southern lynchings in northern newspapers, as a possible channel through which the Great Migration increased whites' support for civil rights. Mirroring the changes in the electorate, non-southern Congress members became more likely to promote civil rights legislation, but also grew increasingly polarized along party lines on racial issues.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245539
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14488
    Schlagworte: race; diversity; civil rights; Great Migration
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 152 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Local shocks and internal migration
    the disparate effects of robots and Chinese imports in the US
    Erschienen: 17 August 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16460
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmigranten; Binnenwanderung; Internationaler Wettbewerb; Import; Chinesisch; Technischer Fortschritt; Roboter; Beschäftigungseffekt; Schock; USA; migration; employment; technology; Trade
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Homeward bound
    how migrants seek out familiar climates
    Erschienen: 29 January 2024
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

    This paper introduces the concept of “climate matching” as a driver of migration and establishes several new results. First, we show that climate strongly predicts the spatial distribution of immigrants in the US, both historically (1880) and more... mehr

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This paper introduces the concept of “climate matching” as a driver of migration and establishes several new results. First, we show that climate strongly predicts the spatial distribution of immigrants in the US, both historically (1880) and more recently (2015), whereby movers select destinations with climates similar to their place of origin. Second, we analyze historical flows of German, Norwegian, and domestic migrants in the US and document that climate sorting also holds within countries. Third, we exploit variation in the long-run change in average US climate from 1900 to 2019 and find that migration increased more between locations whose climate converged. Fourth, we verify that results are not driven by the persistence of ethnic networks or other confounders, and provide evidence for two complementary mechanisms: climate-specific human capital and climate as amenity. Fifth, we back out the value of climate similarity by: i) exploiting the Homestead Act, a historical policy that changed relative land prices; and, ii) examining the relationship between climate mismatch and mortality. Finally, we project how climate change shapes the geography of US population growth by altering migration patterns, both historically and into the 21st century.

     

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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP18791
    Schlagworte: Migranten; Wohnstandortwahl; Klima; Klimawandel; Regionale Arbeitsmobilität; Binnenwanderung; Norweger; Deutsche; Geschichte; Zeitgeschichte; USA; Migration; climate matching; value of climate
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 125 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Happily ever after
    immigration, natives' marriage, and fertility
    Erschienen: April 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    In this paper, we study the effects of immigration on natives' marriage, fertility, and family formation across US cities between 1910 and 1930. Instrumenting immigrants' location decision by interacting pre-existing ethnic settlements with aggregate... mehr

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    In this paper, we study the effects of immigration on natives' marriage, fertility, and family formation across US cities between 1910 and 1930. Instrumenting immigrants' location decision by interacting pre-existing ethnic settlements with aggregate migration flows, we find that immigration raised marriage rates, the probability of having children, and the propensity to leave the parental house for young native men and women. We show that these effects were driven by the large and positive impact of immigration on native men's employment and occupational standing, which increased the supply of "marriageable men". We also explore alternative mechanisms - changes in sex ratios, natives' cultural responses, and displacement effects of immigrants on female employment - and provide evidence that none of them can account for a quantitatively relevant fraction of our results.

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/180485
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11467
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen