Translating questionnaires for cross-national surveys: A description of a genre and its particularities based on the ISO 17100 categorization of translator competences
Abstract: Sound questionnaire translation is crucial for collecting equivalent data in cross-national surveys. The topic is widely discussed in fields in which translated questionnaires are used, such as in the social sciences or in cross-cultural...
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Abstract: Sound questionnaire translation is crucial for collecting equivalent data in cross-national surveys. The topic is widely discussed in fields in which translated questionnaires are used, such as in the social sciences or in cross-cultural psychology, but hardly in translation studies. This article aims at bridging this gap by bringing the genre of questionnaires closer to translation scholars and practitioners. To begin with, we will provide a sketch of key characteristics of cross-national survey methodology, with a special focus on questionnaire translation. Next, the multi-dimensional concept of translation competence will be introduced. Along the ISO 17100 competence model then, we will list requirements, challenges, and resources for questionnaire translation and illustrate those with examples. The concluding paragraph will highlight areas for interdisciplinary research involving both translation studies and cross-national survey methodology
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The Place of Expert Review in Translation and Questionnaire Evaluation for Hard-to-Count Populations in National Surveys
Abstract: Many researchers consider it a best practice to include respondent pretesting as part of the survey translation process (Survey Research Center, 2016). The U.S. Census Bureau has a Pretesting Standard that delineates requirements to ensure...
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Abstract: Many researchers consider it a best practice to include respondent pretesting as part of the survey translation process (Survey Research Center, 2016). The U.S. Census Bureau has a Pretesting Standard that delineates requirements to ensure that any data collection instrument "works," by verifying that it can be administered as intended by interviewers and understood and responded to appropriately by respondents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). Expert review is included in the standard but it is described as a sort of evaluation method of last resort due to its lack of inclusion of respondent pretesting in the process. In large survey organizations, there can be a variety of types of materials in need of translation ranging from actual survey questionnaires to other support materials. Due to resource limitations, expert review is a method that often comes into play in the absence of resources for respondent testing. Recent discussions have involved defining and modernizing the Census Bur
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