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  1. Strengthening gender justice in a just transition
    a research agenda based on a systematic map of gender in coal transitions
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    For climate change mitigation a rapid phase-out of fossil fuels such as coal is necessary. This has far-reaching gender-specific consequences. This paper presents a systematic map of the literature that examines the impact of historical coal... mehr

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    For climate change mitigation a rapid phase-out of fossil fuels such as coal is necessary. This has far-reaching gender-specific consequences. This paper presents a systematic map of the literature that examines the impact of historical coal phase-out processes on women and their role in these processes. The search process consists of screening 2,816 abstracts and reading 247 full-text studies. The analysis of the 73 publications ultimately included in the systematic map shows that past coal phase-outs meant, both opportunities (e.g. increased labour market participation) as well as burdens for women (e.g. double burden of job and household). It becomes clear that agency within coal transitions was also gendered. For example, it was difficult for women to gain access to union structures, which led them to organise themselves into grassroots movements. Our research shows that policies aiming for a just sustainability transition should always be explicitly gender-responsive. However, the impact of sustainability transitions on women's lives remains largely under-researched. Therefore, we propose a research agenda based on our findings containing six key issues that need to be addressed scientifically.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    hdl: 10419/243192
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1963
    Schlagworte: Gender; Coal Phase-Out; Just Transition; Systematic Map
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Stromversorgung auch ohne russische Energielieferungen und trotz Atomausstiegs sicher
    Kohleausstieg 2030 bleibt machbar
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin

    Mit einem Kohle-Embargo erhöht die Europäische Union den Druck auf Russland. Nach einer Übergangsfrist soll im August keine russische Kohle mehr importiert werden. Jüngere Studien zeigen, dass Deutschland die Einfuhren aus Russland bis zum Sommer... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Mit einem Kohle-Embargo erhöht die Europäische Union den Druck auf Russland. Nach einer Übergangsfrist soll im August keine russische Kohle mehr importiert werden. Jüngere Studien zeigen, dass Deutschland die Einfuhren aus Russland bis zum Sommer durch Importe aus anderen Ländern ersetzen kann. Da aber auch ein Aus für die russischen Erdgaslieferungen droht, müssen Pläne zur Versorgungssicherheit entwickelt werden. Das DIW Berlin hat in Szenariorechnungen analysiert, wie das deutsche Stromsystem auf einen Stopp russischer Energielieferungen (insbesondere Kohle und Erdgas) reagieren kann, ohne den beschleunigten Kohleausstieg beziehungsweise den Atomausstieg 2022 in Frage zu stellen. Es zeigt sich, dass im kommenden Jahr 2023 auch ohne russische Energielieferungen eine sichere Stromversorgung möglich ist; die Abschaltung der letzten drei Kernkraftwerke kann und sollte wie geplant im Dezember 2022 erfolgen. Kurzfristig müssen Kohlekraftwerke aus der Netzreserve genutzt und die Sicherheitsbereitschaft einiger Kraftwerke verlängert werden. Mittelfristig ist bei dem von der Bundesregierung im Osterpaket angestrebten beschleunigten Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien ein rückläufiger Bedarf an Erdgas- und Kohleverstromung bis 2030 zu beobachten. Somit bleibt das im Koalitionsvertrag angestrebte Ziel eines auf 2030 vorgezogenen Kohleausstiegs erreichbar.

     

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    Sprache: Deutsch
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    hdl: 10419/253648
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; Nr. 84 (20. April 2022)
    Schlagworte: Ressourcenmärkte; Energiewirtschaft
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 9 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Electricity supply in Germany can be secured without Russian supplies and nuclear energy
    the 2030 coal-phase out remains possible

    The European Union has increased pressure on Russia by enacting a coal embargo. Following a transition period, Russian coal imports will end in August 2022. Recent studies show that Germany will be able to substitute Russian supplies with imports... mehr

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    The European Union has increased pressure on Russia by enacting a coal embargo. Following a transition period, Russian coal imports will end in August 2022. Recent studies show that Germany will be able to substitute Russian supplies with imports from other countries by summer 2022. However, with the looming threat of a Russian gas supply stop, plans must be developed to ensure security of supply. In scenario calculations, DIW Berlin analyzed how the German electricity system can respond to a stop of Russian energy supplies (especially coal and natural gas) while still maintaining the accelerated coal phase-out and the 2022 nuclear phase-out plans. The calculations show that a secure electricity supply will be possible in 2023, even without Russian energy supplies. The shutdown of the final three nuclear power plants can and should take place as planned in December 2022. In the short term, coal-fired power plants from the grid reserves will have to be used and the standby mode of some power plants will have to be extended. In the medium term, the accelerated expansion of renewable energy infrastructure as envisaged by the German government in the set of measures known as the Easter Package is expected to lead to a decline in demand for natural gas and coal-fired power generation by 2030. Thus, an accelerated coal phase-out by 2030 as laid out in the coalition agreement is still possible.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265515
    Schriftenreihe: DIW focus ; No. 8 (1. Juli, 2022)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 9 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Structural change in coal regions as a process of economic and social-ecological transition
    lessons learnt from structural change processes in Germany
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

    Effective policies to mitigate climate change need to be accompanied by a socially just transition. This is especially relevant for coal regions. This paper draws on the experiences of past and ongoing transition policies, exploring their... mehr

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    Effective policies to mitigate climate change need to be accompanied by a socially just transition. This is especially relevant for coal regions. This paper draws on the experiences of past and ongoing transition policies, exploring their effectiveness and transferability. The challenges of structural change in coal regions are complex and region-specific, spanning from technical aspects over political and economic to social and cultural aspects. To facilitate the exchange of experiences, a typology is suggested and applied to five coal regions in Germany, Romania, Poland and the Czech Republic. It characterises regions according to the type of coal mined, population density, economic prosperity, existence of national coal phase-out policies, advancement of regional transition strategies and the anticipated speed of transition. Insights are mainly derived from two different structural change processes in Germany. The hard coal mining phase-out in the Ruhr area that started in the 1950s and has recently been completed is compared with the more recent lignite mining phase-down in Lusatia. A new approach can be observed: As climate change has become a major driver of structural change, time frames for structural policies have become significantly shorter, and such policies are being shaped by more proactive engagement. Lessons learnt include the need for proactive and forward-looking structural policies and the importance of timing. Regions should set realistic expectations on structural policy and develop strategies that account for their individual situation whilst learning from past experiences in other regions. Uncertainties should be communicated in a transparent manner. Diversification of the economy is needed to avoid lock-in effects. Stakeholder participation, just transition strategies as well as multi-layered and multi-faceted governance approaches are key aspects as well. With the European Green Deal, a strategy is highlighted that can facilitate a just transition in coal regions in the future. Eine wirksame Klimaschutzpolitik muss von einer sogenannten „Just Transition“, einem sozial gerechten Strukturwandel hin zur Klimaneutralität, begleitet werden. Dies ist insbesondere für Kohleregionen relevant. Diese Publikation stützt sich auf die Erfahrungen vergangener und laufender Politiken zur Gestaltung von Strukturwandel und untersucht deren Wirksamkeit und Übertragbarkeit. Die Herausforderungen des Strukturwandels in Kohleregionen sind komplex und regionsspezifisch und reichen von technischen Aspekten über politische und wirtschaftliche bis hin zu sozialen und kulturellen Aspekten. Für den Erfahrungsaustausch wird eine Typologie vorgeschlagen und auf fünf Kohleregionen in Deutschland, Rumänien, Polen und Tschechien angewendet. Sie charakterisiert die Regionen nach der Art der Kohle, der Bevölkerungsdichte, dem wirtschaftlichen Wohlstand, dem Vorliegen nationaler Politiken für einen Kohleausstieg, den Fortschritten bei der Entwicklung von Strategien für einen regionalen Strukturwandel und der erwarteten Geschwindigkeit des Strukturwandels. Die Erkenntnisse basieren vor allem auf Strukturwandelprozessen in zwei Kohleregionen in Deutschland. Der in den 1950er Jahren begonnene und kürzlich abgeschlossene Steinkohleausstieg im Ruhrgebiet wird mit dem Braunkohleausstieg in der Lausitz verglichen. Neu ist, dass der Klimawandel zu einem wesentlichen Treiber des Strukturwandels geworden ist, dass die Zeit für Strukturpolitiken deutlich kürzer ist und dass ein proaktiveres Engagement vieler Akteure zu beobachten ist. Zu den Lernerfahrungen unserer Analyse gehören die Notwendigkeit einer proaktiven und vorausschauenden Strukturpolitik und eine gute zeitliche Planung. Die Regionen sollten realistische Erwartungen an die Strukturpolitik stellen und Strategien entwickeln, die zu ihrer individuellen Situation passen und zudem Lehren aus den Erfahrungen anderer Regionen ziehen. Unsicherheiten sollten transparent kommuniziert werden. Eine Diversifizierung der Wirtschaft ist notwendig, um Lock-In-Effekte zu vermeiden. Die Beteiligung von Stakeholdern, Strategien für einen sozial gerechten Strukturwandel sowie vielschichtige und facettenreiche Steuerungsansätze sind ebenfalls wichtige Aspekte. Mit dem European Green Deal wird auf eine Strategie hingewiesen, die zukünftig einen sozial gerechten Strukturwandel in Kohleregionen unterstützen kann.

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Lenz, Katharina (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Project No. (FKZ) 3716 41 113 0
    Report No. FB000720/ENG
    Schriftenreihe: Climate change / Umweltbundesamt ; 2021, 33
    Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection
    Schlagworte: structural change; structural policy; transition; Lusatia; Ruhr area; coal; coal region; climate; energy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (53 Seiten, 2,07 MB), Illustrationen
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    Study completed in: November 2021

    Project: Structural change in coal regions as a process of economic and social-ecological transformation – Scope for action for a just transition in light of climate policy objectives

  5. Emission pathways towards a low-carbon energy system for Europe
    a model-based analysis of decarbonization scenarios
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    The aim of this paper is to showcase different decarbonization pathways for Germany and Europe with varying Carbon dioxide (CO2) constraints until 2050. The Global Energy System Model (GENeSYS-MOD) framework, a linear mathematical optimization model,... mehr

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    The aim of this paper is to showcase different decarbonization pathways for Germany and Europe with varying Carbon dioxide (CO2) constraints until 2050. The Global Energy System Model (GENeSYS-MOD) framework, a linear mathematical optimization model, is used to compute low-carbon scenarios for Europe as a whole, as well as for 17 European countries or regions. The sectors power, low- and high-temperature heating, and passenger and freight transportation are included, with the model endogenously constructing capacities in each period. Emission constraints differ between different scenarios and are either optimized endogenously by the model, or distributed on a per-capita basis, GDP-dependent, or based on current emissions. The results show a rapid phase-in of renewable energies, if a carbon budget in line with established climate targets is chosen. In the 2° pathway, the power and low-temperature heat sectors are mostly decarbonized by 2035, with the other sectors following. Wind power is the most important energy source in Europe by 2050, followed by solar energy and hydro power. The heating sector is dominated by biogas and heat pumps, while electric vehicles emerge in the transportation sector in the later periods. Differences in renewable potentials lead to different developments in the regions, e.g., converting Germany from a net exporter of electricity into an importing country by 2050. In the 1.5° pathway, not all calculations are feasible, showcasing that especially countries like Poland or the Balkan region that heavily rely on fossil fuels will face difficulties transitioning away from their current generation capacities. It can, however, be shown that the achievement of the 2° target can be met with low additonal costs compared to the business as usual case, while reducing total emissions by more than 30%.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/181031
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1745
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Designing a global energy system based on 100 % renewables for 2050
    GENeSYS-MOD : an application of the open-source energy modelling system (OSeMOSYS)
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    This paper develops a path for the global energy system up to 2050, presenting a new application of the open source energy systems model OSeMOSYS to the community. It allows quite disaggregate energy and emission analysis: GENeSYS-MOD (Global Energy... mehr

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    This paper develops a path for the global energy system up to 2050, presenting a new application of the open source energy systems model OSeMOSYS to the community. It allows quite disaggregate energy and emission analysis: GENeSYS-MOD (Global Energy System Model) uses a system of linear equations of the energy system to search for lowestcost solutions for a secure energy supply, given externally defined constraints, mainly in terms of CO2-emissions. The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) version of OSeMOSYS is updated to the newest version and, in addition, extended and enhanced to include e.g. a modal split for transport, an improved trading system, and changes to storages. The model can be scaled from small-scale applications, e.g. a company, to cover the global energy system. The paper also includes an application of GENeSYS-MOD to analyze decarbonization scenarios at the global level, broken down into 10 regions. Its main focus is on interdependencies between traditionally segregated sectors: electricity, transportation, and heating. Model calculations suggests that in order to achieve the 1.5°-2° C target, a combination of renewable energy sources provides the lowest-cost solution, solar photovoltaic being the dominant source. Average costs of electricity generation in 2050 are about 4 €cents/kWh (excluding infrastructure and transportation costs).

     

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    hdl: 10419/168456
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1678
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. WATER-model
    an optimal allocation of water resources in Turkey, Syria and Iraq
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  DIW, Berlin

    Political instability of several countries in the Middle East is overshadowing one of the biggest challenges of the upcoming century: Water - a natural resource that is easily taken for granted, but whose scarcity might lead to serious conflicts.... mehr

    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Political instability of several countries in the Middle East is overshadowing one of the biggest challenges of the upcoming century: Water - a natural resource that is easily taken for granted, but whose scarcity might lead to serious conflicts. This paper investigates an optimal Water Allocation of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivershed by introducing the WATER-Model. A series of scenarios are analyzed to examine the effects of different levels of cooperation for an optimal water allocation. Special emphasize is put on the effects of filling new Turkish reservoirs which can cause additional welfare losses if these actions are not done on a basin-wide coordinated basis. Modeling results show that Turkey is most efficient in its water usage. However, using the water for irrigation purposes in Turkey, instead of the Iraqi or Syrian domestic and industrial sector, decreases the overall welfare. Especially the Euphrates basin might thus encounter losses of up to 33% due to such strategic behaviour. The predicted water demand growth in the region is going to increase this water scarcity further. Minimum flow treaties between riparian countries, however, can help to increase the overall welfare and should therefore be fostered.

     

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    hdl: 10419/97488
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1381
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (XIII, 26 S.), graph. Darst., Kt.
  8. The impact of policy measures on future power generation portfolio and infrastructure
    a combined electricity and CCTS investment and dispatch model (ELCO)
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  DIW, Berlin

    This paper presents a general electricity-CO2 (ELCO) modeling framework that is able to simulate interactions of the energy-only market with different forms for national policy measures. We set up a two sector model where players can invest into... mehr

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    This paper presents a general electricity-CO2 (ELCO) modeling framework that is able to simulate interactions of the energy-only market with different forms for national policy measures. We set up a two sector model where players can invest into various types of generation technologies including renewables, nuclear and Carbon Capture, Transport, and Storage (CCTS). For a detailed representation of CCTS we also include industry players (iron and steel as well as cement), and CO2 transport and CO2 storage including the option for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). The players maximize their expected profits based on variable, fixed and investment costs as well as the price of electricity, CO2 abatement cost and other incentives, subject to technical and environmental constraints. Demand is inelastic and represented via a selection of type hours. The model framework allows for regional disaggregation and features simplified electricity and CO2 pipeline networks. The model is balanced via a market clearing for the electricity as well as CO2 market. The equilibrium solution is subject to constraints on CO2 emissions and renewable generation share. We apply the model to a case study of the UK Electricity Market Reform to illustrate the mechanisms and potential results attained from the model.

     

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    hdl: 10419/125156
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1521
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (28 S.), graph. Darst.
  9. European scenarios of CO2 infrastructure investment until 2050
    CO2-enhanced oil recovery keeps the mirage alive
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  ZBW, [Kiel

    Based on a critical review of the current state of the Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage (CCTS) technology, this paper analyzes the layout and costs of a potential CO2 infrastructure in Europe at the horizon of 2050. We apply the mixed-integer... mehr

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    Based on a critical review of the current state of the Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage (CCTS) technology, this paper analyzes the layout and costs of a potential CO2 infrastructure in Europe at the horizon of 2050. We apply the mixed-integer model CCTS-Mod to compute a CCTS infrastructure network for Europe, examining the effects of different CO2 price paths with different regional focuses. Scenarios assuming low CO2 certificate prices lead to hardly any CCTS development in Europe. The iron and steel sector starts deployment as soon as the CO2 certificate price exceeds 50 €/tCO2. The cement sector starts investing at a threshold of 75 €/tCO2, followed by the electricity sector when prices exceed 100 €/tCO2. Results on the degree of deployment of CCTS are found to be more sensitive to variable cost of CO2 capture than to investment costs. Additional revenues from using the CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) in the North Sea would lead to an earlier adoption of CCTS, independent of the CO2 certificate price; this case may become especially relevant for the UK, Norway and the Netherlands. On the downside, scattered CCTS deployment increases unit cost of transport and storage infrastructure by 30% and more.

     

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    hdl: 10419/167598
    Übergeordneter Titel: Sonderdruck aus: The Energy Journal; Vol. 37 (2016) pp. 171-194
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen