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Acknowledgments – Introduction: 25th Anniversary Edition: Perspective and Memoir – Reclamations: The Early Afro-America of Phillis Wheatley, Jupiter Hammond, Olaudah Equiano and David Walker – The Stance of Self-Representation: African American Life Writing, 1850s–1990s – Harlem on My Mind: Fictions of a Black Metropolis from The New Negro to Darryl Pinckney – Womanisms: The Novel 1860s–1990s – Richard Wright’s Inside Narratives – War and Peace: Writing the Black 1940s – Black Beats: The Signifying Poetry of LeRoi Jones/Imamu Amiri Baraka, Ted Joans and Bob Kaufman – Acting Out: The Black Drama of the 1960s, the 1960s of Black Drama – Equilibrium Out of Their Chaos: Black Modernism, the Postmodern, and Leon Forrest’s Witherspoon-Bloodworth Trilogy – Under Cover, Under Covers: Performing Race from William Wells Brown to Charles Johnson – Into the Twenty-First Century: Fiction’s Continuities and Variations – Into the Twenty-First Century: Poetry’s Voice and Echo – About the Author – Index. Across more than two centuries Afro-America has created a huge and dazzling variety of literary self-expression. Designs of Blackness provides less a narrative literary history than, precisely, a series of mappings—each literary-critical and comparative while at the same time offering cultural and historical context. This carefully re-edited version of the 1998 publication opens with an estimation of earliest African American voice in the names of Phillis Wheatley and her contemporaries. It then takes up the huge span of autobiography from Frederick Douglass through to Maya Angelou. "Harlem on My Mind," which follows, sets out the literary contours of America’s premier black city. Womanism, Alice Walker’s presiding term, is given full due in an analysis of fiction from Harriet E. Wilson to Toni Morrison. Richard Wright is approached not as some regulation "realist" but as a more inward, at times near-surreal, author. Decadology has its risks but the 1940s has rarely been approached as a unique era of war and peace and especially in African American texts. Beat Generation work usually adheres to Ginsberg and Kerouac, but black Beat writing invites its own chapter in the names of Amiri Baraka, Ted Joans and Bob Kaufman. The 1960s has long become a mythic change-decade, and in few greater respects than as a black theatre both of the stage and politics. In Leon Forrest African America had a figure of the postmodern turn: his work is explored in its own right and for how it takes its place in the context of other reflexive black fiction. "African American Fictions of Passing" unpacks the whole deceptive trope of "race" in writing from Williams Wells Brown through to Charles Johnson. The two newly added chapters pursue African American literary achievement into the Obama-Trump century, fiction from Octavia Butler to Darryl Pinkney, poetry from Rita Dove to Kevin Young “Lee’s latest scholarly endeavor exhibit his uncanny acumen for literary and cultural critique, Designs of Blackness is not only highly readable, but also impeccably researched…Lee adds his passionate voice to others such as Houston A. Baker, Jr., Henry Louis Gates, Paul Gilroy and Toni Morrison in plotting the complexity of Afro-American literature and culture.”—Sharon L. Moore, Yearbook of English Studies “This erudite compilation sets out to cover no less than the whole of what could be called the African American literary canon.”—European Association for American Studies Newsletter “A. Robert Lee dazzles us once again with his knowledge of many different literatures. He has set a high standard for those who are bound to one tradition. Designs of Blackness is a very cogent examination of African American literature.”—Ishmael Reed “All of the chapters benefit from Lee’s sweeping bibliographic range and generosity of response. Only a critic with so much attentive reading to draw on could make his central case regarding the variousness of African American writing, its complexity, its refusal to be reduced to simplicities of pattern or form.”—Kate Fulbrook, Journal of American Studies “A. Robert Lee is remarkable writer, erudite and readable at once. Not only are we given a scholarly, comprehensive account of African American literature, we are given it in language that reveals a passionate commitment to the subject.”—David Dabydeen, University of Warwick
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